Oberführer
| Oberführer | |
|---|---|
| File:SS-Oberführer Collar Rank.svg SS Gorget patch | |
| Country | File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg Nazi Germany |
| Service branch | File:Flag of the Schutzstaffel.svg Schutzstaffel File:Flag of the SA (Sturmabteilung).svg Sturmabteilung File:NSKK Hausflagge.svg National Socialist Motor Corps File:NSFK Wimpel Fördernde Mitglieder.svg National Socialist Flyers Corps |
| Abbreviation | Oberf |
| NATO rank code | OF-5 |
| Formation | 1921 |
| Abolished | 1945 |
| Next higher rank | Brigadeführer |
| Next lower rank | Standartenführer |
| Equivalent ranks | Oberst |
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Oberführer (short: Oberf, [ˈoːbɐfyːʁɐ], lit. 'senior leader') was an early paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) dating back to 1921. An Oberführer was typically an NSDAP member in charge of a group of paramilitary units in a particular geographical region.[1] From 1921 to 1925, the phrase Oberführer was used as a title in the Sturmabteilung (SA), but became an actual SA rank after 1926. Oberführer was also a rank of the Schutzstaffel (SS, at that time a branch of the SA), established in 1925 as Gauführer, a rank for SS officers in charge of SS personnel in the several Gaue throughout Germany; in 1928 the rank was renamed Oberführer, and used of the commanders of the three regional SS-Oberführerbereiche. In 1930, the SS was reorganized into SS-Gruppen and Brigaden, at which time Oberführer became subordinate to the higher rank of Brigadeführer. By 1932, Oberführer was an established rank of the SA, SS and NSKK.[1][2] Oberführer wore two oak leaves on the uniform collar rank patch, along with the shoulder boards and lapels of a general officer.[3] In 1938, the status of SS-Oberführer began to change with the rise of the SS-Verfügungstruppe (SS-VT), which would later become the Waffen-SS. Since Brigadeführer was rated equal to a Generalmajor, and Standartenführer to an Oberst, Oberführer had no military equivalent and quickly became regarded as a senior colonel rank.[4] This distinction continues in historical circles with most texts referring to Oberführer as a senior colonel rank[4][5] while some others state it was a military equivalent to a British Army brigadier.[6]
Rank insignia
| Oberführer SS, SA, NSKK, and NSFK | ||||||
|
File:Flag of the Schutzstaffel.svg Schutzstaffel (SS) |
File:Flag of the SA (Sturmabteilung).svg Sturmabteilung (SA) |
File:NSKK Hausflagge.svg NS Motor Corps (NSKK) |
File:NSFK Wimpel Fördernde Mitglieder.svg NS Flyers Corps (NSFK) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:WSS Inf OF5 Oberf Staf 1945.png | File:WSS-Oberführer OF5a cam slv 1945.svg |
File:HH-SS-Oberfuhrer-Collar.png | ru: Просьба за изготовлением и перемещеним картиу! | File:NSKK-Oberführer.svg | File:NSFK-Oberführer.svg | |
| Waffen-SS |
|
collar insignia | ||||
| Junior Rank Standartenführer |
SS rank and SA rank Oberführer |
Senior Rank Brigadeführer |
See also
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 McNab 2009b, p. 15.
- ↑ McNab 2009, pp. 29, 30.
- ↑ Flaherty 2004, p. 148.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Yerger 1997, p. 235.
- ↑ Miller 2006, p. 521.
- ↑ McNab 2009, p. 186.
Bibliography
- Flaherty, T. H. (2004) [1988]. The Third Reich: The SS. Time-Life Books, Inc. ISBN 1-84447-073-3.
- McNab, Chris (2009). The SS: 1923–1945. Amber Books Ltd. ISBN 978-1-906626-49-5.
- McNab, Chris (2009b). The Third Reich. Amber Books Ltd. ISBN 978-1-906626-51-8.
- Miller, Michael (2006). Leaders of the SS and German Police, Vol. 1. R. James Bender Publishing. ISBN 93-297-0037-3.
- Yerger, Mark C. (1997). Allgemeine-SS: The Commands, Units and Leaders of the General SS. Schiffer Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0-7643-0145-4.