Baronage of Scotland
| Chapeau of a Scots Baron |
| The chapeau (or cap of maintenance) represents Scot barons in historical heraldry instead of a coronet |
| The Ancient Nobility of the Baronage of Scotland |
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| Convention of the Three Estates |
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In Scotland, "baron" or "baroness" is a rank of the ancient nobility of the Baronage of Scotland, a hereditary title of honour, and refers to the holder of a barony, formerly a feudal superiority (dominium directum) or prescriptive barony attached to land erected into a free barony by Crown Charter, this being the status of a minor baron, recognised by the crown as noble, but not a peer.
The Court of the Lord Lyon representing the monarch in Scotland,[2] institutional writers,[3][4] the registry of Scots Nobility,[5] the Scottish Law Commission Government Website,[6][7] UK Government Legislation Website[8] and the Scottish Parliament[9] all refer to the noble title of a Scottish baron.[10] A Scottish barony is the only UK title of nobility which can be legally alienated from the bloodline of its previous possessor. It is not subject to the Honours (Prevention of Abuses) Act 1925, a law for new grants and these are existing titles and Scottish baronies by their nature were erected in crown charters as free baronies and are thus freely assignable. Crown charters refer to "heirs and assignees", unlike other hereditary noble titles with rules of succession. That said, titles in the Baronage of Scotland are often passed down through the generations, staying within the family lineage. The dignity of baron is protected in law by the Scottish Parliament after the abolition of the feudal system in the Abolition of Feudal Tenure, etc. (Scotland) Act 2000, which came into force in 2004. After this date extant feudal titles ceased to be feudal, becoming personal titles, no longer attached to the land. Therefore, it is incorrect to refer to them as "feudal barons" today. The correct term is simply "baron."[11] Heraldry for Scottish baronies is governed by the Court of the Lord Lyon. This court issued a ruling in April 2015 that may recognise a person possessing a barony (and other titles that are but nobler titles of baron within the Baronage of Scotland lord/earl/marquis/duke see lordships in the Baronage of Scotland) on petition. The Lord Lyon King of Arms now prefers the approach of recognising the particular dignity as expressed in the Crown Charter that the petitioner presents.[12] Scottish baronies may be passed to any person, of either sex, by inheritance or assignation.[9] Scotland has a distinct legal system within the United Kingdom. Historically, in the Kingdom of Scotland, the Lord Lyon King of Arms, as the Sovereign's minister in matters armorial, was at once herald and judge. The Scottish baronage predates the Scottish peerage and they coexist to this day. The Scottish equivalent of an English baron is a Lord of Parliament.
History
A "Scottish Prescriptive Barony by Tenure" was, until 2004, the description of the only genuine degree of title of British nobility capable of being disponed along with the caput (or property), rather than passing strictly by blood inheritance. Statutes of 1592 and the Baronetcy Warrants of King Charles I show the non-peerage Table of Precedence as: Baronets, Knights, Barons, Lairds, Esquire and Gentlemen.
A General Register of Sasines was set up by statute in 1617, with entry in the Register giving the prescriptive right (right by normal or correct usage), after so many years, to the caput or essence of the barony. The individual who owned the said piece of land containing the caput was hence the baron or baroness. Uncertainty over armorial right was removed by the Lyon Register being set up by statute in 1672, such that no arms were to be borne in Scotland unless validly entered in Lyon Register.
Until 1874, each new baron was confirmed in his barony by the Crown by Charter of Confirmation. Until 28 November 2004, a barony was an estate of land held directly of the Crown, or the Prince and Great Steward of Scotland. It was an essential element of a barony title that there existed a Crown Charter erecting the land into a barony, recorded in the Register of the Great Seal of Scotland. Often the original Charter was later lost; however an Official Extract has the same legal status as the original Charter. From the Treaty of Union of 1707 until 1999, a unified Parliament of Great Britain (since January, 1801, the Parliament of the United Kingdom), at Westminster, was responsible for passing legislation affecting private law both north and south of the Scottish border. In 1999, the devolved Scottish Parliament was established, and private law measures can now be passed at Holyrood, the seat of the Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh. Using a "prescriptive feudal grant" allowed developers to impose perpetual conditions affecting the land. The courts became willing to accept the validity of such obligations, which became known as "real burdens". In practical and commercial terms, these real burdens were like English leasehold tenure.
Abolition of feudal tenure
The first Scottish Executive was committed to abolishing the feudal system. On 28 November 2004, the Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000 came into full force and effect, putting an end to Scotland's feudal system. Under Scots law, a Scottish Prescriptive Barony by Tenure is now an incorporeal hereditament, no longer a feudal title, not attached to the land and remains the only genuine, prescriptive, degree of title of UK nobility capable of being transferred or conveyed – since under Section 63(1) of the Act, the dignity of baron is preserved after the abolition of the feudal system.[13][14] However, the Abolition Act did end the ability to obtain feudal land privileges by inheriting or acquiring the caput (land or castle) in Scotland. In common law jurisdictions, land may still be owned and inherited through a barony if the land is titled in "the Baron of X" as baron rather than in the individual's name. In America, it passes with the barony as a fee simple appurtenance to an otherwise incorporeal hereditament, the barony being treated like a landowning corporation.[15] In Scotland, the practice has not been tested in a Court of Session case since the Act. One of the oldest baronage titles in Scotland, the Baron of the Bachuil, has not depended on land ownership for centuries; the barony passes along with the possession of a certain ancient stick, "The Bachuil Mór", which was once the bishop's staff of Saint Moluag in the year 562. Unlike all other barons in Scotland, the lawful possessor of the stick is the Baron of the Bachuil, regardless of landholdings.[16] On 28 November 2004 the Abolition of Feudal Tenure Act came into force in Scotland. Prior to the Act, Scottish baronies (including lordships and earldoms) remained the only noble titles in the UK that were transferable following the sale of land containing a caput (i.e. superiority)[clarification needed]. With the implementation of the Act, all Scottish baronage titles became incorporeal heritable property, meaning they existed but without any physical attributes (e.g. land ownership which is corporeal property).[17][18] Most baronies were created (erected) prior to 1745, but one was erected as late as 1824. Since the Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000 came into effect, the Lord Lyon, who is the Chief Herald of Scotland, has restored a more traditional form to the coat of arms of a baron. Barons are now identified by the helm befitting their degree. A new policy statement has been made by the Lord Lyon to this effect. The holder of the dignity of a barony may petition the Lord Lyon for a grant of arms, as he falls under the jurisdiction of the Lyon's Court. A policy statement has been made to this effect by the Lord Lyon.[12] The Lyon Court has no jurisdiction in relation to the assignation, or legal transfer of, baronial titles.
Usage
An English barony is a peerage (yet Article 10 of the Tenures Abolition Act 1660 allows for some remaining non-peer baronies not converted by writ to remain as feudal baronies of free socage "incorporeal hereditament"); but whether Scottish barons rightfully rank as peers is disputable.[19] They are known as minor barons currently treated as noble titles of less than peerage rank. The Scottish equivalent of an English baron is "Lord of Parliament". The baronial title tends to be used when a landed family is not in possession of any United Kingdom peerage title of higher rank, subsequently granted, or has been created a knight of the realm. The name recorded by the Lord Lyon as part of any grant of arms or matriculation becomes the holder's name for all official purposes. The holder of a Scottish barony (e.g., "Inverglen") may add the title to their existing name (e.g., "John Smith, Baron of Inverglen" or "Jane Smith, Baroness of Inverglen") or add the territorial designation to their surname if still in possession of the caput ("John Smith of Inverglen, Baron of Inverglen" or "Jane Smith of Inverglen, Baroness of Inverglen"); some of the oldest Scottish families prefer to be styled by the territorial designation alone ("Smith of Inverglen").[20][21][22] Formally and in writing, they are styled as The Much Honoured Baron/Baroness of Inverglen. A baron/baroness may be addressed socially as "Inverglen" or "Baron/Baroness" and introduced in the third person as "John Smith of Inverglen, Baron of Inverglen" or "The Baron of Inverglen" or "Jane Smith, Baroness of Inverglen" or "The Baroness of Inverglen". When referred to informally in the third person it is incorrect to refer to them as "Baron/Baroness Inverglen" or "Lord Inverglen", as these would imply a peerage title (i.e. Lord of Parliament).[23] However female barons, either the substantive holder or wife, can be interchangeably "Baroness of Inverglen" or "Lady Inverglen" without the "of"[24] similarly to the social custom for female lairds or wives. In a heterosexual married couple, if the husband is the holder of the Barony, the wife receives a courtesy title. Therefore, they may be styled "The Baron and Baroness of Inverglen", "Inverglen and Madam Smith of Inverglen", "Inverglen and Lady Inverglen", or "The Baron of Inverglen and Lady Inverglen."[20] The oldest son of a baron/baroness may be known by the territorial designation with the addition of "yr" (abbreviation for "younger"), e.g. "John Smith of Inverglen, yr". The eldest daughter may be known as "Maid of Inverglen" at the end of her name, e.g. "Sandra Smith, Maid of Inverglen". The husband of a Baroness is not afforded a courtesy title. The United Kingdom policy of using titles on passports requires that the applicant provides evidence that the Lord Lyon has recognised a barony, or the title is included in Burke's Peerage. If accepted (and if the applicant wishes to include the title), the correct form is for the applicant to include the territorial designation as part of their surname (Surname of territorial designation e.g. Smith of Inverglen). The Observation[25] would then show the holder's full name, followed by their baronial title, e.g. The holder is John Smith, Baron of Inverglen.[26]
The Much Honoured
Sometimes (for example on the envelope of a letter or place name) the prefix honorific style The Much Hon. (The Much Honoured) is put before the name. The prefix honorific "Much Honoured" is used to distinguish Scottish Barons from honorifics attaching to peers: e.g. The Much Hon. The Baron of Inverglen / Much Hon. Baron of Inverglen / Much Hon. John Smith, Baron of Inverglen / Much Hon. John, Baron of Inverglen.
Scottish heraldry
The former Lord Lyon[which?] declined to award the following[where?] baronial additaments to the arms of those barons registering arms now that the Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000 is in force. However, the current Lord Lyon has confirmed in a recent[when?] policy statement that he will officially recognise barons or those possessing the dignity of baron who meet certain conditions and will grant them arms with a helmet befitting their degree. Scottish Barons rank below Lords of Parliament; while noble, they are not conventionally considered peerage titles. The status of Scottish barons as titled nobility is evidenced by several sources. For instance, the Lyon Court's Petition of Maclean of Ardgour for a Birthbrieve, dated 26 February 1943, finds and declares that the minor barons of Scotland are recognised as titled nobility in both the Lyon Court and the Court of Session. This confirms that the estate of the Baronage, comprising the barones minores (minor barons), is part of the ancient feudal nobility of Scotland.[27] Sir Thomas Innes of Learney in his 'Scots Heraldry' (2nd Ed., p. 88, note 1) states that 'The Act 1672, cap 47, specially qualifies the degrees thus: Nobles (i.e. peers, the term being here used in a restricted seventeenth-century English sense), Barons (i.e. Lairds of baronial fiefs and their "heirs", who, even if fiefless, are equivalent to heads of Continental baronial houses) and Gentlemen (apparently all other armigers).' Baronets and knights are evidently classed as 'Gentlemen' here and are of a lower degree than Barons. The Scottish Head of Baronial Houses, includes all the various styles and titles which designate the territorial nobility i.e. baron of X. Barons may also wear two eagle feathers when in traditional dress.[28][29] If the baron is a member of a clan, it is advisable to consult the clan chief on clan customs and traditions. The Lord Lyon only gives guidance and not governance on the wearing of feathers and recommends consulting with a clan chief.
Chapeau
Previously, between the 1930s and 2004, when new arms were granted or a matriculation of existing arms took note of a barony, the owner was given a chapeau or cap of maintenance as part of his armorial achievement on petitioning for the same. This chapeau is described as "gules doubled ermine" for barons in possession of the caput of the barony. An azure chapeau is appropriate for the heirs of ancient baronial families who are no longer owners of the estates. This chapeau was a relatively recent armorial invention of the late Lord Lyon, Sir Thomas Innes of Learney. Accordingly, a number of ancient arms of barons do not display the chapeau, and now it is no longer granted. By the Treaty of Perth in 1266, Norway relinquished its claim to the Hebrides and Man, and they became part of Scotland. In 1292, Argyll was created a shire, and "The Barons of all Argyll and the Foreigners' Isles", which had preceded the kingdom of Scotland, became eligible to attend the Scots Parliament – appearing in the record of the parliament at St Andrews in 1309. Historically they have a chapeau, "gules doubled ermines", ermines being white tails on black. There is a unique exception: the Barony of the Bachuil is not of feudal origin like other baronies, but is allodial in that it predates (AD 562) Scotland itself and the feudal system, dating from the Gaelic Kingdom of Dál Riata. In recognition as allodial Barons par la grâce de Dieu not barons by a feudal crown grant, the Baron of the Bachuil has the only chapeau allowed to have a vair (squirrel fur) lining.[16]
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List of titled nobles in the Baronage of Scotland
List of Baronies in the Baronage of Scotland
Below is an incomplete list of Baronies created in the baronage, you can help by suggesting edits on the Talk page with evidence links. Titles in italics are subsidiary baronial titles held by the same baron. Titles linked and with The before the name is the holder's primary title.
- Indicates a barony not authenticated and enrolled in the Scottish Barony Register, Registry of Scots Nobility or Burke's Peerage.
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a: The creation date is the earliest known date for the barony and subject to revision. b: C before the date is circa around this date of before. C after the date = century.
List of Lordships in the Baronage of Scotland
The second degree of baronage nobility. If a Barony has been raised to a Lordship then it will not be listed with baronies on this page, see Lordship list: Click here for a list of Lordships in the Baronage of Scotland
List of Earldoms in the Baronage of Scotland
Earl is the third degree of baronage nobility, nobler than Baron (first) and Lord (second). Click here for a list of Earldoms in the Baronage of Scotland
List of Marquisates and Dukedoms in the Baronage of Scotland
Fourth and fifth degrees of baronage nobility, the noblest forms in the hierarchy. Click here for a list of Marquisates and Dukedoms in the Baronage of Scotland
List of Lordships of Regality
Higher dignities compared to baronage titles, erected in liberam regalitatem. Click here for a list of Lordships of Regality
See also
- Earls, Marquises and Dukes in the Baronage of Scotland
- Lords in the Baronage of Scotland
- List of family seats of Scottish nobility
- Lord of Parliament
- Commissioner (Scottish Parliament)
- Laird
- List of extant baronetcies
- Feu
- English feudal barony
- Irish feudal barony
- List of Marcher lordships (Welsh Marches)
References
- ↑ Ruling of the Court of the Lord Lyon (26 February 1943, Vol. IV, page 26): "With regard to the words 'untitled nobility' employed in certain recent birthbrieves in relation to the (Minor) Baronage of Scotland, Finds and Declares that the (Minor) Barons of Scotland are, and have been both in this nobiliary Court and in the Court of Session recognised as a 'titled nobility' and that the estait of the Baronage (i.e. Barones Minores) are of the ancient Feudal Nobility of Scotland".
- ↑ "1992 legal position, Lord Clyde, Spencer Thomas of Buquhollie v Newell: "A BARONY FALLS INTO A CLASS OF NOBLE"" (PDF). Court of the Lord Lyon. 16 June 2024. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
- ↑ "Page3. Institutional Writer Bankton: "NOBLE fees, are those which conferred NOBILITY to persons vested in them; these were baronies and regalities; and anciently all nobility, in the modern states proceeded from such fees; thus the title of Baron included Duke, Marquis and Earl, as well as that of Lord. "" (PDF). Court of the Lord Lyon. 16 June 2024. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
- ↑ "Lord Stair (Institutions, II.iii.45): "the dignity of a barony; which comprehendeth lordship, earldom, & c. all of which are but more NOBLE titles of a barony"" (PDF). Court of the Lord Lyon. 16 June 2024. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
- ↑ "Baronage". Registry of Scots Nobility. 16 June 2024.
- ↑ "Page 31: "...the owner (can) claim ennoblement by the "nobilitating effect" of the "NOBLE quality" of the feudal title on which the land is held. The title of "Baron of So-and-So" or "Baroness of So-and-So" can be adopted... there is a right to relevant baronial additaments to the coat of arms. Baronial robes can be worn. The baron can, in theory, hold a baron's court, appoint a baron baillie to be judge, and exercise a minor civil and criminal jurisdiction."" (PDF). Scottish Law Commission Government Website. 16 June 2024. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
- ↑ "page 20 "The discussion paper mentioned, BUT REJECTED, the possibility of allowing the "NOBLE aspects of the barony title" to lapse along with the abolition of the feudal relationship on which the ennoblement of the baron is based. It noted that the abolition of entitlement to the title "baron" was not a necessary part of feudal land reform and might well give rise to justifiable claims for compensation."" (PDF). Scottish Law Commission Government Website. 16 June 2024. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
- ↑ "Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000, 63 Baronies and other dignities and offices: "nothing in this Act affects the dignity of baron or any other dignity or office (whether or not of feudal origin)" "dignity" includes any quality or precedence associated with, and any heraldic privilege incidental to, a dignity" Dignity means noble quality and use of title as covered in the Scottish Law Commission Report that led to the act". UK Government Legislation Website. 16 June 2004. Retrieved 16 June 2004.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Reid, Professor Kenneth (2003). The Abolition of Feudal Tenure in Scotland. Edinburgh: Tottel.
- ↑ "Page 9: "Proposition 31(iii) was that : All pertinents of land held on Barony titles, including any rights to salmon fishings and rights in respect of the NOBLE TITLE OF BARON, should continue to be transmissible with the title to the land"" (PDF). Scottish Law Commission Government Website. 16 June 2024. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
- ↑ "Abolition of the feudal system". Law Society of Scotland. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Note issued with Warrant for Letters Patent from Lord Lyon King of Arms" (PDF). 30 April 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 September 2015. Retrieved 13 December 2015.
- ↑ "Section 63". Abolition of Feudal Tenure, etc (Scotland) Act 2000.
- ↑ "Appendix A12: See Explanatory Notes on Clause 57 Subsection (2)". Report on Abolition of Feudal System. Archived from the original on 19 November 2004.
- ↑ Re Notarial Instrument of the Earl of Galloway; Disposition; Warrant for Letters Patent, No.s 103, 104, 105, Palmyra Island Land Recordation, United States District Court for the District of Hawaii (D.C. Hawaii-Palmyra I. 2017).
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Livingston of the Bachuil, yr., Niall (2006). The MacLeas or Livingstones and their Allodial Barony of the Bachuil (PDF). Baronage Press. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
- ↑ "Age-old Scots property rights end". BBC News. 28 November 2004.
- ↑ "Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000". www.opsi.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 21 July 2009. Retrieved 2 August 2009.
- ↑ Graham Senior-Milne, 41st Baron of Mordington (27 June 2005). "Scottish feudal baronies (feudal barons, feudal baron) including the oath of a knight". Archived from the original on 7 December 2016. Retrieved 2 January 2011.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 "Titles and Usages". Scotsbarons.org. Archived from the original on 25 February 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ↑ "Scottish Feudal Baronies, Scottish and Irish Titles, Titles, Forms Of Address | Debrett's". Debretts.com. Archived from the original on 25 July 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ↑ "Scottish feudal baronies (feudal barons, feudal baron) including the oath of a knight". Peerage.org. Archived from the original on 7 December 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ↑ "Male Barons". Scotsbarons.org. Archived from the original on 25 February 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ↑ "female barons". The Convention of The Baronage of Scotland. 12 July 2024. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
- ↑ An Observation is a printed notation in a passport to convey important information about the passport holder to officials."Guidance – Observations in Passports".
- ↑ "Titles included in passports" (PDF). UK government website. p. 3.
- ↑ Scotland, Society of Antiquaries of (1946). Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. Society.
- ↑ "How to wear the kilt | Scottish Tartans Authority". Tartansauthority.com. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ↑ "Hereditary offices". Scotsbarons.org. Archived from the original on 26 February 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ↑ 30.000 30.001 30.002 30.003 30.004 30.005 30.006 30.007 30.008 30.009 30.010 30.011 30.012 30.013 30.014 30.015 30.016 30.017 30.018 30.019 30.020 30.021 30.022 30.023 30.024 30.025 30.026 30.027 30.028 30.029 30.030 30.031 30.032 30.033 30.034 30.035 30.036 30.037 30.038 30.039 30.040 30.041 30.042 30.043 30.044 30.045 30.046 30.047 30.048 30.049 30.050 30.051 30.052 30.053 30.054 30.055 30.056 30.057 30.058 30.059 30.060 30.061 30.062 30.063 30.064 30.065 30.066 30.067 30.068 30.069 30.070 30.071 30.072 30.073 30.074 30.075 30.076 30.077 30.078 30.079 30.080 30.081 30.082 30.083 30.084 30.085 30.086 30.087 30.088 30.089 30.090 30.091 30.092 30.093 30.094 30.095 30.096 30.097 30.098 30.099 30.100 30.101 30.102 30.103 30.104 30.105 30.106 30.107 30.108 30.109 30.110 30.111 30.112 30.113 30.114 30.115 30.116 30.117 30.118 30.119 30.120 30.121 30.122 30.123 30.124 30.125 30.126 30.127 30.128 30.129 30.130 30.131 30.132 30.133 30.134 30.135 30.136 30.137 30.138 30.139 30.140 30.141 30.142 30.143 30.144 30.145 30.146 30.147 30.148 30.149 30.150 30.151 30.152 30.153 30.154 30.155 30.156 30.157 30.158 30.159 30.160 30.161 30.162 30.163 30.164 30.165 30.166 30.167 30.168 30.169 30.170 30.171 30.172 30.173 30.174 30.175 30.176 30.177 30.178 30.179 30.180 30.181 30.182 30.183 30.184 30.185 30.186 30.187 30.188 30.189 30.190 30.191 30.192 30.193 30.194 30.195 30.196 30.197 30.198 30.199 30.200 30.201 30.202 30.203 30.204 30.205 30.206 30.207 30.208 30.209 30.210 30.211 30.212 30.213 30.214 30.215 30.216 30.217 30.218 30.219 30.220 30.221 30.222 30.223 30.224 30.225 30.226 30.227 30.228 30.229 30.230 "Scottish Barony Register". Scottish Barony Register. 25 June 2024.
- ↑ 31.000 31.001 31.002 31.003 31.004 31.005 31.006 31.007 31.008 31.009 31.010 31.011 31.012 31.013 31.014 31.015 31.016 31.017 31.018 31.019 31.020 31.021 31.022 31.023 31.024 31.025 31.026 31.027 31.028 31.029 31.030 31.031 31.032 31.033 31.034 31.035 31.036 31.037 31.038 31.039 31.040 31.041 31.042 31.043 31.044 31.045 31.046 31.047 31.048 31.049 31.050 31.051 31.052 31.053 31.054 31.055 31.056 31.057 31.058 31.059 31.060 31.061 31.062 31.063 31.064 31.065 31.066 31.067 31.068 31.069 31.070 31.071 31.072 31.073 31.074 31.075 31.076 31.077 31.078 31.079 31.080 31.081 31.082 31.083 31.084 31.085 31.086 31.087 31.088 31.089 31.090 31.091 31.092 31.093 31.094 31.095 31.096 31.097 31.098 31.099 31.100 31.101 31.102 31.103 31.104 31.105 31.106 31.107 31.108 31.109 31.110 31.111 31.112 31.113 31.114 31.115 31.116 31.117 31.118 31.119 31.120 31.121 31.122 31.123 31.124 31.125 31.126 31.127 31.128 31.129 31.130 31.131 31.132 31.133 31.134 31.135 31.136 31.137 31.138 31.139 31.140 31.141 31.142 31.143 31.144 31.145 31.146 31.147 31.148 31.149 31.150 31.151 31.152 31.153 31.154 31.155 31.156 31.157 31.158 31.159 31.160 31.161 31.162 31.163 31.164 31.165 31.166 31.167 31.168 31.169 31.170 31.171 31.172 31.173 31.174 31.175 31.176 31.177 31.178 31.179 31.180 31.181 31.182 31.183 31.184 31.185 31.186 31.187 31.188 31.189 31.190 31.191 31.192 31.193 31.194 31.195 31.196 31.197 31.198 31.199 31.200 31.201 31.202 31.203 31.204 31.205 31.206 31.207 31.208 31.209 31.210 31.211 31.212 31.213 31.214 31.215 31.216 31.217 31.218 31.219 31.220 31.221 31.222 31.223 31.224 31.225 31.226 31.227 31.228 31.229 31.230 31.231 31.232 31.233 31.234 31.235 31.236 31.237 "Scottish Barons". Debretts. 29 June 2024. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
- ↑ Kempe, Nick (22 November 2021). "The £23m sale of the Abergeldie Estate - the Royal Family should pay for their environmental damage". parkswatchscotland. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
- ↑ "Click here to view the tribute page for Kerry HAMER". funeral-notices.co.uk. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
- ↑ "Debretts Scottish Barons". Debretts. 27 June 2024. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
- ↑ "Stephen Kerr Obituary (1944 - 2024) - Tulsa, OK - Tulsa World". Legacy.com. Retrieved 4 September 2024.
- ↑ "Baron with blood of Pocahontas and Bruce leaves (pounds) 18m fortune to family". The Herald. 20 November 2004. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
- ↑ "MacKay of Ardoch - Tommy MacKay". tommymackay.com. 29 June 2024. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
- ↑ 38.00 38.01 38.02 38.03 38.04 38.05 38.06 38.07 38.08 38.09 38.10 38.11 38.12 38.13 38.14 38.15 38.16 38.17 38.18 38.19 38.20 38.21 38.22 38.23 38.24 38.25 38.26 38.27 38.28 38.29 38.30 38.31 38.32 38.33 38.34 38.35 38.36 38.37 38.38 38.39 "Burke's Peerage". Burke's Peerage. 1 August 2024. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ↑ 39.0 39.1 "Baronies of Scotland". Debretts. 25 June 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
- ↑ "Registry of Scots Nobility". Registry of Scots Nobility. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
- ↑ "Gazette from Lord Lyon announcing change of name for Baron of Auchtermunzie". Gazette. 19 August 2005. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
- ↑ "Jose Fernando Gutierrez Eddy, Baron of Auchtermunzie". Armorial Register. 2004. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
- ↑ "Lord Lyon Blair by recognised the petitioner as Feudal Countess of Crawfurd-Lindsay and Baroness of Auchterutherstruther" (PDF). Court of the Lord Lyon. 10 February 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
- ↑ "Burke's Peerage Revised Edition: search for Earl of Crawfurd-Lindsay". Burke's Peerage. 2004. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
- ↑ "Page 4 - Abigail Busch Reisinger was infeft by her father Ronald Busch Reisinger of Inneryne" (PDF). Court of the Lord Lyon. 10 February 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
- ↑ "Outer House allows proof before answer in Berwickshire castle sale dispute". July 2020.
- ↑ 47.0 47.1 Livingston of the Bachuil, yr., Niall (2006). The MacLeas or Livingstones and their Allodial Barony of the Bachuil (PDF). Baronage Press. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
- ↑ 48.0 48.1 "The Chief of MacLea". Clan MacLea - Livingstone. 29 June 2024. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
- ↑ "By The Grace Of God". Clan Livingston. 29 June 2024. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
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- ↑ "Bavelaw | The Forum of Scotland's Baronage". Retrieved 12 August 2024.
- ↑ Kellar, Travis (28 December 2019). "Co-developer of Lancaster County's first outlet mall dies". pennlive. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
- ↑ 56.0 56.1 56.2 Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition.
- ↑ America, Clan Morrison Society of North. "Clan Morrison Society of North America". Clan Morrison Society of North America. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
- ↑ See web site
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- ↑ Cooperman, Jeannette (10 September 2015). "Ronnie's youngest son, Timothy, 17 and in boarding school in Rhode Island, also outranks him—Timmy's a lord. The other boys are barons". St. Louis magazine. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
- ↑ "Ivor Spencer-Thomas died at the age of 94 on 30 August 2001". sayitstraight.co.uk. 29 September 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
- ↑ "E. Leslie Peter of Lee". westminster-abbey.org. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
- ↑ "Lord O'Neill of Clackmannan obituary". www.thetimes.com. 12 August 2024. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
- ↑ "Obituary: Count Andrew McMillan, Baron of Cleghorn". Scotsman. 26 February 2014. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
- ↑ "Baron Mcmillan Obituary (2014) - Edinburgh, City of Edinburgh - Edinburgh News". Legacy.com. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
- ↑ RSG.I.App.2.#1768
- ↑ Warnock, Joanne (5 March 2018). "Baron of Cluny announces engagement to childhood friend - Inheriting the historic A-Listed Cluny Castle when he was aged just 18 in 2010". The Press and Journal. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
- ↑ "The Barony of Coigach". The Barony of Coigach. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ↑ [1]
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- ↑ "THE ESTATE OF THINGS TO COME". Scotsman. 12 August 2024. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
- ↑ Barony of Cowie web site
- ↑ "LINDSAY - Deaths - Dundee Courier Announcements - Dundee Courier". dct.myfamilyannouncements.co.uk. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
- ↑ "Registry of Scots Nobility". Registry of Scots Nobility. 25 June 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
- ↑ "Crawfordjohn | the Forum of Scotland's Baronage".
- ↑ "Who's Who". martinfrost.ws. 30 June 2024. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
- ↑ 77.0 77.1 77.2 "Baron Courts : Home".
- ↑ "David Irvine of Drum". The Times. 21 March 2019. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
- ↑ "Obituary: David Irvine of Drum, chief who helped end a centuries-old clan feud". www.scotsman.com. 23 April 2019. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
- ↑ "Clan Chieftains". Debretts. 25 June 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
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- ↑ "personal licence holders". runnymede.gov.uk. 22 September 2024. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
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- ↑ "Search for HOPE BUSCH COBERA, Baroness of Greenan and of Clary". Burke's Peerage. 25 June 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
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- ↑ Mosley, Charles (2003). BURKE'S PEERAGE 107TH EDITION (107 ed.). Burke's Peerage. p. 2050. ISBN 9780971196629.
- ↑ "Search for Reisinger Result 10 - Burke's Peerage 107th Edition - Page 2186". Burke's Peerage. 25 June 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
- ↑ Cooperman, Jeannette (10 September 2015). "He is, indeed, the Baron of Inneryne. He is also the ceremonial King of Biffeche, but he doesn't share that often, because, it doesn't sound plausible". St.Louis Magazine. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
- ↑ "GOURLAY--James, Baron of Kincraig on March 30, 2008, died aged 77". NY Times. 1 April 2008. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
- ↑ People of Medieval Scotland, Document 3/350/24
- ↑ "Baron Courts : News - A Most Excellent Occasion at Buckingham Palace".
- ↑ "Meigle and Fullerton | The Forum of Scotland's Baronage". Retrieved 12 August 2024.
- ↑ 95.0 95.1 "Change of Name and/or Arms COURT OF THE LORD LYON". Gazette Edinburgh. 4 August 2024. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
- ↑ "The Barons of Mugdock".
- ↑ Mosley, Charles (2003). Baron of Myrton - BURKE'S PEERAGE 107TH EDITION (107 ed.). Burke's Peerage. p. 2984. ISBN 9780971196629.
- ↑ "Baron of Otterinverane". Forum of Baronage. 26 June 2024. Retrieved 26 June 2024.
- ↑ "Family Announcements, BURGES-LUMSDEN - Deaths - Press And Journal Announcements". ajl.myfamilyannouncements.co.uk. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
- ↑ "In 2016 the trustees for the 18th Baron reassigned the Barony of Redcastle to Janet Beale of Sydney, Australia". Forum of Scotland's Baronage. 26 June 2024. Retrieved 26 June 2024.
- ↑ Cribb, Joe (17 April 2006). "Robert Carson". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
- ↑ "Skene of Skene, Aberdeenshire, Scotland". humphrysfamilytree.com. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
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- ↑ "Baronage – Registry of Scots Nobility". Retrieved 19 October 2022.
Further reading
- Scottish Law Commission. "Report on Abolition of the Feudal System. Laid before Parliament by the Lord Advocate under section 3(2) of the Law Commissions Act 1965. Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed11 February 1999 (Scot Law Com No 168)". Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- Dickinson, Professor William Croft, The Court Book of the Barony of Carnwath 1523-1542, Introduction, published by Scottish History Society, 1937. "The standard scholarly work on the history of Scottish feudal baronies". In the opinion of the Lyon King of Arms
- Grant, Alexander, The Development of the Scottish Peerage, published in the Scottish Historical Review, 1978.
External links
- Lord Lyon's Armorial Ruling[1]
- Report on Abolition of the Feudal System[2]
- The Register of Feudal Lords and Barons of The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Archived 22 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine
- The Heraldry Society of Scotland [12]
- The Scottish Baronage Registry [13] Archived 26 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Hamilton, Brian (May 2006). "A petition for Arms with Baronial Additaments" (PDF). The Amorial Register Newsletter. 1 (Special ed.). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ↑ "Report on Abolition of the Feudal System :Contents". www.scotland.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 12 January 2005.