Sem (artist)

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Georges Goursat
File:M. Sem.jpg
Born(1863-11-23)23 November 1863[1]
Périgueux
Died26 November 1934(1934-11-26) (aged 71)[2]
Paris
NationalityFrench
Other namesSem
Occupationartist
Known forcaricatures, posters

Georges Goursat ((1863-11-23)23 November 1863[3] – (1934-11-26)26 November 1934[2]), known as Sem, was a French caricaturist famous during the Belle Époque.

Life and works

Youth (1863–1900)

File:Sem selfportrait 1888.jpg
Self portrait (1888) (signed as "SEM")
File:Paulus by Sem.jpg
Goursat's first poster (1891) for the singer Paulus
File:Sem Le Rire 1897.jpg
First caricatures in Le Rire (1897).
File:Sem Page1.jpeg
Caricature of various individuals playing roulette by Sem, 1920

Georges Goursat was born and raised in an upper-middle-class family from Périgueux.[4] The wealth inherited from his father at the age of 21[5] allowed him to sustain a gilded youth.[6] In 1888 he self-published his first three albums of caricatures in Périgueux, signing some as "SEM",[7] allegedly as a tribute[8] to Amédée de Noé who signed his caricatures for Le Monde illustré as "Cham".[9] He settled in Bordeaux from 1890 to 1898.[10] During this period, he published more albums and his first press caricatures in La Petite Gironde[11] and discovered the work of Leonetto Cappiello.[12] His style matured, becoming both simpler and more precise.[13] During the same period, he made trips to Paris. In 1891, he designed two posters printed in Jules Chéret's workshop for the singer Paulus.[12] He published his first caricatures of artists in L'Illustration (Albert Brasseur) and Le Rire (Paulus, Polin and Yvette Guilbert[i. 1]).[12] Goursat lived in Marseille from 1898 to 1900,[14][i. 2] where he met Jean Lorrain who convinced him to live in Paris.[15]

File:Sem Page 27.jpeg
Caricature women on a boat being sailed by a sailor by Sem, 1925

Belle Époque (1900–1914)

Goursat arrived in Paris in March 1900 at the time of the Universal Exposition opening.[16] He chose horse racing[i. 3] as a way to enter high society.[16] In June 1900 he self-published his new album Le Turf of caricatures of many prominent Parisian socialites, including Marquess Boni de Castellane, Prince Trubetskoy, Count Clermont-Tonnerre, Baron Alphonse, Gustave de Rothschild, and Polaire.[16] The album's success made him famous overnight.[17] In October 1900 he published the album Paris-Trouville with equal success. Goursat published nine other albums before 1913.[18] In 1904, Goursat received the Légion d'honneur.[19] In 1909, he exhibited with the painter Auguste Roubille, first in Paris and then in Monte Carlo and London. The exhibit included a diorama composed of hundreds of wooden figurines "of all the merely Paris celebrities".[20]

World War I (1914–1918)

Goursat was not drafted in World War I as he was over 50 years old at the start of the war.[21] He nevertheless involved himself as a war correspondent for Le Journal.[21] Some of his rather "chauvinistic" articles had an "enormous impact".[22] Ten articles were published in 1917 in Un pékin sur le front. Two other articles were incorporated in the 1923 book La Ronde de Nuit.[23] In 1916 and 1918 Goursat published two albums of Croquis de Guerre (War Sketches) with a completely different style than his previous work.[22] He also designed war bond posters.[24]

Années Folles (1918–1934)

After the war, Goursat returned to the kind of caricatures that made him famous. In 1919, he published Le Grand Monde à l'envers (High Society Upside Down).[25] Around 1923, he published three albums under the general title of Le Nouveau Monde (transl. The New World).[26] In 1923, he became an officer of the Légion d'honneur.[27] In 1929, he was severely impoverished by the economic crisis.[28] After a heart attack in 1933,[29] he died in 1934.[2]

Personalities caricatured by Goursat

Name, surname Occupation Image
Alexandrovich, Vladimir Socialite File:Sem au pesage de Longchamp.jpg
Annunzio, Gabriele d' Writer File:Sem D'annunzio.jpg
Astruc, Gabriel Impresario File:Sem Astruc.jpg
Balthy, Louise [fr] Actress File:Sem Balthy Le Rire 1902.jpg
Bennett, Gordon Publisher File:Sem Bennett.jpg File:Sem Bennett Merode.jpg
Blanc, Edmond Politician File:Sem la tribune des proprietaires.jpg
Blériot, Louis Aviator File:Sem Bleriot.jpg
Boldini, Giovanni Painter File:Sem Boldini Helleu.jpg File:Sem Boldini Helleu 2.jpg
Borbon, Alfonso de King File:Sem Shah Alphonse.jpg
Brasseur, Albert Actor File:Sem Mealy Brasseur.jpg File:Sem Brasseur Le Rire 1902.jpg
Brieux, Eugène Writer File:Sem Brieux.jpg
Capel, Arthur "Boy" Polo player File:Sem Chanel Capel.jpg
Cappiello, Leonetto Poster artist File:Caricatures Cappiello Hervieu by Sem.jpg
Capus, Alfred Writer File:Sem Reveillon au Cafe de Paris.jpg
Castellane, Boni de Socialite File:Sem Castellane esquisse.jpg File:Sem Castellane.jpg
Chanel, Coco Designer File:Sem Chanel Capel.jpg File:Sem Chanel 1919.jpg
Colette, Sidonie-Gabrielle Writer File:Sem Willy Colette Polaire.jpg
Croisset, Francis de Dramatist File:Caricatures Cappiello Hervieu by Sem.jpg
Deval, Marguerite Singer File:Sem Marguerite Deval Guyon fils.jpg
Donnay, Maurice Dramatist File:Sem Donnay 1907.jpg File:Sem Reveillon au Cafe de Paris.jpg
Doumer, Paul President File:Sem Doumer 1905.jpg
Ephrussi, Maurice Financier File:Sem la tribune des proprietaires.jpg
Feydeau, Georges Writer File:Sem Reveillon au Cafe de Paris.jpg
Forain, Jean-Louis Painter File:Sem Forain Caran d'Ache.jpg
Fursy, Henri Variety singer File:Sem Fursy.jpg
Gauthier-Villars, Henry Writer File:Sem Willy Colette Polaire.jpg
Guitry, Lucien Actor File:Sem Guitry Bataille.jpg File:Sem guitry chantecler.jpg File:Sem Reveillon au Cafe de Paris.jpg
Guitry, Sacha Actor File:Sem Sacha Guitry.jpg
Guyon, Charles-Alexandre [fr] Actor File:Sem Marguerite Deval Guyon fils.jpg
Hahn, Reynaldo Composer File:Sem Hahn.jpg
Adrien Hébrard [fr] Journalist File:Sem Hebrard 1911.jpg
Helleu, Paul Painter File:Sem Boldini Helleu 2.jpg
Hervieu, Paul Dramatist File:Caricatures Cappiello Hervieu by Sem.jpg
Humbert, Charles Senator File:Sem Humbert.jpg
Lambert, Charles de Aviator File:Sem Lambert.jpg
Lafitte, Pierre [fr] Publisher File:Sem Bennett Merode.jpg
Latham, Hubert Aviator File:Sem Latham.jpg
Lavallière, Ève Actress File:Sem Lavalliere 1902.jpg File:Sem Lavalliere.jpg
Letellier, Henri [fr] Publisher File:Sem Bennett Merode.jpg
Lorrain, Jean Writer File:Lorrain, Jean (1855-1906) par Sem (Georges Goursat, 1863-1934).jpg File:Lorrain, Jean (1855-1906) par Sem (Georges Goursat, 1863-1934) - 2.jpg File:Sem Merode Pougy Lorrain.jpg File:Sem Lorrain.jpg
Massenet, Jules Composer File:Jules Massenet by Sem.jpg
Mendès, Catulle Writer File:Sem Mendès Porto-Riche.jpg
Mérode, Cléo de Dancer File:Sem Bennett Merode.jpg File:Sem Merode.jpg File:Sem Merode Pougy Lorrain.jpg
Montesquiou, Robert de Poet File:Sem (Georges Goursat, 1863-1934) - Robert de Montesquiou (1891).jpg File:Montesquiou at Charvet.jpg File:Montesquiou by Sem.jpg File:Sem Montesquiou Charvet.jpg File:Sem montesquiou en amerique.jpg
Morand, Paul Writer File:Sem Morand.jpg
Noailles, Anna de Writer File:Sem Noailles 1911.jpg File:Sem Noailles 2.jpg
Noailles, Emmanuel de Diplomat File:Sem Emmanuel Noailles.jpg
Qajar, Ahmad Shah File:Sem Shah Alphonse.jpg
Paquin, Jeanne Designer File:Sem Paquin.jpg
Pierpont Morgan, John Financier File:Sem Pierpont Morgan.jpg
Poiré, Emmanuel (Caran d'Ache) Cartoonist File:Sem Forain Caran d'Ache.jpg
Polaire Actress File:PolaireParSEM.jpg File:Sem Polaire.jpg File:Sem Willy Colette Polaire.jpg
Porto-Riche, Georges de Writer File:Sem Mendès Porto-Riche.jpg
Pougy, Liane de Dancer File:Sem Merode Pougy Lorrain.jpg
Puccini, Giacomo Composer File:Victorien Sardou et Giacomo Puccini par Sem.jpg
Rostand, Edmond Dramatist File:Sem Rostand.jpg File:Sem Rostand2.jpg
Rostand, Maurice Writer File:Maurice (Sem).jpg
Rougier, Henri Aviator File:Sem Rougier.jpg
Santos-Dumont, Alberto Aviator File:Sem Santos Dumont.jpg File:Alberto Santos-Dumont by Sem.jpg File:Sem Santos Dumont 2.jpg
Sardou, Victorien Dramatist File:Victorien Sardou et Giacomo Puccini par Sem.jpg
Vionnet, Madeleine Designer File:Sem Vionnet.jpg
Wall, Berry Socialite File:Wall sem.jpg

References

  1. ↑ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 13)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 171)
  3. ↑ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 13)
  4. ↑ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 14)
  5. ↑ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 18)
  6. ↑ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 19)
  7. ↑ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, pp. 21–23)
  8. ↑ Dixmier, Michel (2007). Quand le crayon attaque: images satiriques et opinion publique en France, 1814–1918 (in French). Autrement. p. 167. ISBN 978-2-7467-1052-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  9. ↑ Guerrand, Roger-Henri. "SEM Georges Goursat dit (1863–1934)" (in French). Encyclopaedia Universalis. Retrieved 3 September 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  10. ↑ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, pp. 25–33)
  11. ↑ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 25)
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, pp. 30–33)
  13. ↑ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 26)
  14. ↑ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 35)
  15. ↑ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 41)
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 45)
  17. ↑ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 46)
  18. ↑ "La Belle Époque". Association Sem. Archived from the original on 20 February 2012. Retrieved 4 September 2011.
  19. ↑ "Bloc-notes parisien". Le Gaulois (in French). 15 August 1904.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  20. ↑ Pollard, Percival (1911). Vagabond Journeys: The Human Comedy at Home and Abroad. p. 42.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 100)
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 112)
  23. ↑ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 102)
  24. ↑ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 116)
  25. ↑ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 121)
  26. ↑ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 123)
  27. ↑ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 130)
  28. ↑ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 136)
  29. ↑ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 170)

Images

File:Commons-logo.svg
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Georges Goursat.
  1. ↑ Base Joconde: Les demi-vieilles, French Ministry of Culture. (in French)
  2. ↑ Goursat, Georges. "Le port de Marseille" (in French). Réunion des Musées Nationaux. Retrieved 4 September 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  3. ↑ Flameng, François; Vizzavona, François Antoine (1913). "Portrait de M. Sem, souvenir d'Ascot" (in French). Réunion des Musées Nationaux.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

Bibliography

  • Bonnelle, Madeleine; Meneret, Marie-José (1979). SEM (in French). Périgueux: Pierre Fanlac. ISBN 2-86577-144-X.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  • Dini, Francesca (2006). Boldini, Helleu, Sem : protagonisti e miti della Belle Epoque (in Italian). Skira.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

External links

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