Social Democratic Party (Japan, 1926)
Social Democratic Party 社会民衆党 Shakai Minshū-tō | |
---|---|
Chairperson | Abe Isoo[1] |
Secretary-General | Tetsu Katayama[1] |
Founded | December 5, 1926 |
Dissolved | July 1, 1932 |
Split from | Right-wing faction of Labour-Farmer Party[2] |
Succeeded by | Social Masses Party |
Headquarters | Tokyo |
Membership (1929) | 48,952[3] |
Ideology | Social democracy[4] Anti-capitalism[4] Anti-communism[4] Anti-fascism[4] |
Political position | Centre-left[5] to left-wing |
The Social Democratic Party (社会民衆党, Shakai Minshū-tō) (a more accurate translation of the Japanese name would be "Social People's Party", but this naming is common in English texts[6]) was a political party in Japan between 1926 and 1932. Amongst the three main proletarian parties in Japan at the time, the Social Democratic Party occupied a rightist position.[7]
History
The party was founded on December 5, 1926, by the Japan Federation of Labour (Sōdōmei), other trade unions and the Independent Labour Association, an organization of moderate leftist intellectuals.[8] Abe Isoo was elected chairman of the party. Suzuki Bunji, Nishio Suehiro, Akamatsu Katsumaro, Shimanaka Yuzō and Kagawa Toyohiko were Central Committee members of the party.[8] The elements which formed the new party had belonged to the Labour-Farmer Party, which opposed the inclusion of leftists in the latter party. Sodomei and other trade union had pulled out of the Labour-Farmer Party on October 24, 1926.[8][9] However, only four days after its foundation the new party suffered its first split, as leftwing socialists broke away and formed the Japan Labour-Farmer Party.[8] In March 1927 the General Federation of Japanese Peasant Unions was formed as the agrarian wing of the party. (Japanese: Nihon Nomin Kumiai Sodomei) was a farmers' organization in Japan.[7][9] A women's organization linked to the party, the Social Women's League, was founded in November 1927. It changed its name to Social Democratic Women's League in July 1928.[10] Regarding the Chinese question, the party opposed the policies of the Japanese government, demanding a recognition of the Nanking government and encouragement of the Three Principles of Sun Yat-sen.[11] In May 1927 the Social Democratic Party sent Miyazaki Ryusuke and Matsuoka Komakichi to Shanghai, where they met with Chiang Kai-shek. A solidarity agreement between the Social Democratic Party and the Kuomintang was signed.[12] Miyazaki Ryusuke left the party in 1929, forming the National Democratic Party.[13] The party won two seats in the 1930 national election.[14] The party merged with the National Labour-Farmer Masses Party in July 1932, forming the Social Masses Party.[15]
Election results
Election year | Candidates | Voter | # of seats | Change | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1928 | 17 | 120,044 | 4 / 446
|
Steady | [16] |
1930 | 33 | 170,974 | 2 / 446
|
Decrease 2 | [16] |
1932 | - | - | 3 / 446
|
Increase 1 | [3] |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Awaya 1983, pp. 37, 346.
- ↑ Awaya 1983, p. 37.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Awaya 1983, p. 146.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Shiota, Sakiko. 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)の解説 [The Nihon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica's explanation]. kotobank.jp (in 日本語). The Asahi Shimbun Company. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
- ↑ The Buraku Issue and Modern Japan: The Career of Matsumoto Jiichiro. Author - Ian Neary. P.67. Published by Routledge in London and New York in 2010.
- ↑ Mackie, Vera C. Creating Socialist Women in Japan: Gender, Labour and Activism, 1900–1937. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. p. 230
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Beckmann, George M., and Genji Okubo. The Japanese Communist Party 1922–1945. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1969. p. 103
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Beckmann, George M., and Genji Okubo. The Japanese Communist Party 1922–1945. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1969. pp. 101–102
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Wakukawa, Seiyei. Japanese Tenant Movements, in Far Eastern Survey, Vol. 15, No. 3 (Feb. 13, 1946), pp. 40–44
- ↑ Mackie, Vera C. Creating Socialist Women in Japan: Gender, Labour and Activism, 1900–1937. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. p. 139
- ↑ Young, Arthur Morgan. Imperial Japan, 1926–1938. New York: W. Morrow & Co, 1938. p. 43
- ↑ Large, Stephen S. Showa Japan: Political, Economic and Social History 1926–1989. London: Routledge, 1998. p. 121
- ↑ Large, Stephen S. Showa Japan: Political, Economic and Social History 1926–1989. London: Routledge, 1998. p. 122
- ↑ Beckmann, George M., and Genji Okubo. The Japanese Communist Party 1922–1945. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1969. p. 192
- ↑ Mackie, Vera C. Creating Socialist Women in Japan: Gender, Labour and Activism, 1900–1937. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. p. 132
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Awaya 1983, p. 144.
Further reading
- Awaya, Kentarō (1983). 昭和の政党 [Political parties in Shōwa period Japan]. Shōwa no rekishi (in 日本語). Vol. 6. Tokyo: Shogakukan. ISBN 978-4093760065.
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