Solar eclipse of February 25, 1914
| Solar eclipse of February 25, 1914 | |
|---|---|
| Type of eclipse | |
| Nature | Annular |
| Gamma | −0.9416 |
| Magnitude | 0.9248 |
| Maximum eclipse | |
| Duration | 335 s (5 min 35 s) |
| Coordinates | 62°06′S 113°18′W / 62.1°S 113.3°W |
| Max. width of band | 839 km (521 mi) |
| Times (UTC) | |
| Greatest eclipse | 0:13:01 |
| References | |
| Saros | 119 (60 of 71) |
| Catalog # (SE5000) | 9313 |
An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit between Tuesday, February 24 and Wednesday, February 25, 1914,[1][2][3] with a magnitude of 0.9248. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 3.3 days before apogee (on February 28, 1914, at 9:10 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.[4] It took place almost entirely over the Southern Ocean, near Antarctica;[2] at its widest, the shadow cast by the moon was 167 mi (269 km) wide.[2] As a result, it could be seen from small patches of land, most notably southern Patagonia and part of New Zealand.[2][3][5] Due to this limited visibility, the Star-Gazette of Elmira said that for readers in the United States it was "not particularly interesting from a popular perspective";[6] the Salina Daily Union in Salina, Kansas said that "you perhaps didn't notice it".[7] It was the first of four eclipses that occurred during the year 1914.[3][5] While its path passed over New Zealand, and some attempted to view it in Wellington, it was reported to not have been visible there due to cloud cover.[8][9]
Eclipse details
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[10]
| Event | Time (UTC) |
|---|---|
| First Penumbral External Contact | 1914 February 24 at 21:45:44.8 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact | 1914 February 24 at 23:26:46.2 UTC |
| First Central Line | 1914 February 24 at 23:34:33.5 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 1914 February 24 at 23:44:06.5 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 1914 February 24 at 23:16:07.3 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 1914 February 25 at 00:02:02.3 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse | 1914 February 25 at 00:13:01.0 UTC |
| Greatest Duration | 1914 February 25 at 00:13:07.8 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 1914 February 25 at 00:42:30.0 UTC |
| Last Central Line | 1914 February 25 at 00:52:04.0 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 1914 February 25 at 00:59:52.3 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 1914 February 25 at 02:40:43.4 UTC |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Eclipse Magnitude | 0.92478 |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 0.85522 |
| Gamma | −0.94158 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 22h29m29.1s |
| Sun Declination | -09°28'36.0" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 16'09.3" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.9" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 22h31m04.3s |
| Moon Declination | -10°14'09.7" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 14'52.3" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 0°54'34.6" |
| ΔT | 16.2 s |
Eclipse season
This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
| February 25 Ascending node (new moon) |
March 12 Descending node (full moon) |
|---|---|
| File:SE1914Feb25A.png | File:Lunar eclipse chart close-1914Mar12.png |
| Annular solar eclipse Solar Saros 119 |
Partial lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 131 |
Related eclipses
Eclipses in 1914
- An annular solar eclipse on February 25.
- A partial lunar eclipse on March 12.
- A total solar eclipse on August 21.
- A partial lunar eclipse on September 4.
Metonic
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of May 9, 1910
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of December 14, 1917
Tzolkinex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of January 14, 1907
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of April 8, 1921
Half-Saros
- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of February 19, 1905
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of March 3, 1923
Tritos
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of March 29, 1903
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of January 24, 1925
Solar Saros 119
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of February 13, 1896
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of March 7, 1932
Inex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of March 16, 1885
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of February 4, 1943
Triad
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of April 26, 1827
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of December 25, 2000
Solar eclipses of 1913–1917
This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[11] The partial solar eclipses on April 6, 1913 and September 30, 1913 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the solar eclipses on December 24, 1916 (partial), June 19, 1917 (partial), and December 14, 1917 (annular) occur in the next lunar year eclipse set.
| Solar eclipse series sets from 1913 to 1917 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Descending node | Ascending node | |||||
| Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma | |
| 114 | August 31, 1913 File:SE1913Aug31P.png Partial |
1.4512 | 119 | February 25, 1914 File:SE1914Feb25A.png Annular |
−0.9416 | |
| 124 | August 21, 1914 File:SE1914Aug21T.png Total |
0.7655 | 129 | February 14, 1915 File:SE1915Feb14A.png Annular |
−0.2024 | |
| 134 | August 10, 1915 File:SE1915Aug10A.png Annular |
0.0124 | 139 File:Solar eclipse of February 3, 1916 (cropped).png |
February 3, 1916 File:SE1916Feb03T.png Total |
0.4987 | |
| 144 | July 30, 1916 File:SE1916Jul30A.png Annular |
−0.7709 | 149 | January 23, 1917 File:SE1917Jan23P.png Partial |
1.1508 | |
| 154 | July 19, 1917 File:SE1917Jul19P.png Partial |
−1.5101 | ||||
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Saros 119
This eclipse is a part of Saros series 119, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on May 15, 850 AD. It contains total eclipses on August 9, 994 AD and August 20, 1012; a hybrid eclipse on August 31, 1030; and annular eclipses from September 10, 1048 through March 18, 1950. The series ends at member 71 as a partial eclipse on June 24, 2112. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth. The longest duration of totality was produced by member 10 at 32 seconds on August 20, 1012, and the longest duration of annularity was produced by member 44 at 7 minutes, 37 seconds on September 1, 1625. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[12]
| Series members 54–71 occur between 1801 and 2112: | ||
|---|---|---|
| 54 | 55 | 56 |
| File:SE1805Dec21A.gif December 21, 1805 |
File:SE1824Jan01A.gif January 1, 1824 |
File:SE1842Jan11A.gif January 11, 1842 |
| 57 | 58 | 59 |
| File:SE1860Jan23A.gif January 23, 1860 |
File:SE1878Feb02A.gif February 2, 1878 |
File:Saros119 59van71 SE1896Feb13A.jpg February 13, 1896 |
| 60 | 61 | 62 |
| File:SE1914Feb25A.png February 25, 1914 |
File:SE1932Mar07A.png March 7, 1932 |
File:SE1950Mar18A.png March 18, 1950 |
| 63 | 64 | 65 |
| File:SE1968Mar28P.png March 28, 1968 |
File:SE1986Apr09P.png April 9, 1986 |
File:SE2004Apr19P.png April 19, 2004 |
| 66 | 67 | 68 |
| File:SE2022Apr30P.png April 30, 2022 |
File:SE2040May11P.png May 11, 2040 |
File:SE2058May22P.png May 22, 2058 |
| 69 | 70 | 71 |
| File:SE2076Jun01P.png June 1, 2076 |
File:SE2094Jun13P.png June 13, 2094 |
File:Saros119 71van71 SE2112Jun24P.jpg June 24, 2112 |
Metonic series
The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.
Tritos series
This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
Inex series
This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2200 | ||
|---|---|---|
| File:SE1827Apr26A.gif April 26, 1827 (Saros 116) |
File:SE1856Apr05T.gif April 5, 1856 (Saros 117) |
File:SE1885Mar16A.gif March 16, 1885 (Saros 118) |
| File:SE1914Feb25A.png February 25, 1914 (Saros 119) |
File:SE1943Feb04T.png February 4, 1943 (Saros 120) |
File:SE1972Jan16A.png January 16, 1972 (Saros 121) |
| File:SE2000Dec25P.png December 25, 2000 (Saros 122) |
File:SE2029Dec05P.png December 5, 2029 (Saros 123) |
File:SE2058Nov16P.png November 16, 2058 (Saros 124) |
| File:SE2087Oct26P.png October 26, 2087 (Saros 125) |
File:Saros126 53van72 SE2116Oct06P.jpg October 6, 2116 (Saros 126) |
File:Saros127 65van82 SE2145Sep16P.jpg September 16, 2145 (Saros 127) |
| File:Saros128 67van73 SE2174Aug27P.jpg August 27, 2174 (Saros 128) |
||
References
- ↑ "February 24–25, 1914 Annular Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "ECLIPSES OF 1914". The Washington Herald. Washington, District of Columbia. 1914-02-26. p. 4. Retrieved 2023-11-11 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "AN ECLIPSE OF SUN TOMORROW". The Butte Daily Post. Butte, Montana. 1914-02-23. p. 12. Retrieved 2023-11-11 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Down in Patagonia and the Southeastern Coast of New Zealant Annular Eclipse of the Sun Is Visible". The Missoula Sentinel. Missoula, Montana. 1914-02-25. p. 6. Retrieved 2023-11-11 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "Moon Eclipses Sun Is Not Visible Here". Star-Gazette. Elmira, New York. 1914-02-23. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-11-11 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "ECLIPSE OF THE SUN". The Salina Daily Union. Salina, Kansas. 1914-02-25. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-11-11 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "ECLIPSE OF THE SUN". The Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney, New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia. 1914-02-26. p. 9. Retrieved 2023-11-11 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "Clouds obscure eclipse". The Daily Telegraph. Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 1914-02-26. p. 9. Retrieved 2023-11-11 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "Annular Solar Eclipse of 1914 Feb 25". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- ↑ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
- ↑ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 119". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
- Earth visibility chart and eclipse statistics Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC
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