List of threatened sharks

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See also: Threatened rays

Photo of shark in profile surrounded by other, much smaller fish
The whale shark, the world's largest fish, is classified as Endangered.

Binding legislation and harvest management strategies... are urgently needed to address the disproportionate impact of fisheries on cartilaginous fishes.

– IUCN global study 2010 [1]

Threatened sharks are those vulnerable to endangerment (extinction) in the near future. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is the world's oldest global environmental organization.[2] It evaluates threatened species, and treats threatened species not as a single category, but as a group of three categories, depending on the degree to which they are threatened:[3]

File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable species
File:EN IUCN 3 1.svg Endangered species
File:CR IUCN 3 1.svg Critically endangered species

The term threatened strictly refers to these three categories (critically endangered, endangered and vulnerable), while vulnerable is used to refer to the least at risk of these categories.[3] The terms can be used somewhat interchangeably, as all vulnerable species are threatened, all endangered species are vulnerable and threatened, and all critically endangered species are endangered, vulnerable and threatened. Threatened species are also referred to as a red-listed species, as they are listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.[4]

File:Scalloped hammerhead cocos.jpg
In a milestone decision in 2013, CITES prohibited international trade in the fins of the scalloped hammerhead (pictured) and four other shark species.[5]

Shark species are increasingly becoming threatened because of commercial and recreational fishing pressures, the impact of non-shark fisheries on the seabed and shark prey species, and other habitat alterations such as damage and loss from coastal development and marine pollution.[6] Rising demands for shark products has increased pressure on shark fisheries, but little monitoring or management occurs of most fisheries.[7] Major declines in shark stocks have been recorded over the past few decades; some species had declined over 90% and population declines of 70% were not unusual by 1998.[8] In particular, harvesting young sharks before they reproduce severely impacts future populations. Sharks generally reach sexual maturity only after many years and produce few offspring in comparison to other fish species.[9] Conservationists estimate that up to 100 million sharks are killed by commercial and recreational fishing every year.[10][11] Sharks are often killed for shark fin soup, which some Asian countries regard as a status symbol.[12] Fishermen capture live sharks, fin them, and dump the finless animal back into the water to die from suffocation or predators.[11][13] Sharks are also killed for their flesh in Europe and elsewhere.[14] The 2007 film Sharkwater documents ways in which sharks are being hunted to extinction.[15] In 2009, the IUCN Shark Specialist Group reported on the conservation status of pelagic (open water) sharks and rays. They found that over half the pelagic sharks targeted by high-seas fisheries were threatened with extinction.[16][17][18] In 2010, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) rejected proposals from the United States and Palau that would have required countries to strictly regulate trade in several species of hammerhead, oceanic whitetip and dogfish sharks. The majority, but not the required two-thirds of voting delegates, approved the proposal. China, by far the world's largest shark consumer, and Japan, which battles all attempts to extend the convention's protections to marine species, led the opposition.[19][20] In 2013, CITES member nations overcame the continued opposition led by China and Japan,[21] and reversed course.[22][23] In what CITES has called a "milestone", the oceanic whitetip, porbeagle, and three species of hammerheads will now join the great white, basking and whale shark on CITES Appendix II, effective September 2014.[24] International trade of these species is thus prohibited without CITES permits, "... and evidence will have to be provided that they are harvested sustainably and legally."[5] In 2014 the state government of Western Australia led by Premier Colin Barnett implemented a policy of killing large sharks. The policy is intended to protect users of the marine environment from shark attack following the deaths of seven people on the Western Australian coastline in the years 2010 to 2013.[25] Baited drum lines are deployed near popular beaches using hooks designed to catch the vulnerable great white shark, as well as bull and tiger sharks. Large sharks found hooked but still alive are shot and their bodies discarded at sea.[26] The government claims they are not culling sharks, but are using a "targeted, localised, hazard mitigation strategy".[27] Barnett has described opposition to killing the sharks as "ludicrous" and "extreme", and said that nothing can change his mind.[28] According to a 2021 study published in the journal Nature, relative fishing pressure in the oceans has increased by a factor of 18 since 1970.[29] This overfishing has resulted in the number of oceanic sharks and rays declining globally by 71%, and has increased the global extinction risk to the point where three-quarters of these species are now threatened with extinction. Precautionary science-based catch limits and strict prohibitions are now needed urgently if population collapse is to be avoided,[30][31] if the disruption of ecological functions is to be averted,[32] and if a start is to be made on rebuilding global fisheries.[33][29]

List

Order Image Scientific name Common name Population trend IUCN status Fish
Base 		FAO CITES
Appendix[24]
Mackerel
shark 		File:Alopias pelagicus.jpg Alopias pelagicus Pelagic thresher decreasing File:EN IUCN 3 1.svg Endangered[34] [35] [36]
Mackerel
shark 		File:Alopias superciliosus.jpg Alopias superciliosus Bigeye thresher shark decreasing File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[37] [38] [39]
Mackerel
shark 		File:Thresher shark.jpg Alopias vulpinus Common thresher decreasing File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[40] [41] [42]
Groundshark File:Atelomycterus baliensis in an aquarium.jpg Atelomycterus baliensis Bali catshark unknown File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[43] [44]
Groundshark Aulohalaelurus kanakorum New Caledonia catshark unknown File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[45] [46]
Carpet shark File:Heteroscyllium colcloughi csiro-nfc.jpg Brachaelurus colcloughi Bluegrey carpetshark unknown File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[47] [48]
Groundshark File:Carcharhinus borneensis (Bleeker, 1858) 2831935646.jpg Carcharhinus borneensis Borneo shark unknown File:CR IUCN 3 1.svg Critically Endangered[49] [50] II
Groundshark File:Carcharhinus hemiodon nmfs 2.png Carcharhinus hemiodon Pondicherry shark unknown File:CR IUCN 3 1.svg Critically endangered[51] [52] II
Groundshark File:Carcharhinus leiodon nmfs 2.png Carcharhinus leiodon Smoothtooth blacktip shark unknown File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[53] [54] II
Groundshark File:Carcharhinus longimanus 1.jpg Carcharhinus longimanus Oceanic whitetip shark decreasing File:CR IUCN 3 1.svg Critically endangered [55] [56] II
Groundshark File:Carcharhinus obscurus at Seaworld.jpg Carcharhinus obscurus Dusky shark decreasing File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[57] [58] [59] II
Groundshark File:Carcharhinus plumb.JPG Carcharhinus plumbeus Sandbar shark decreasing File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[60] [61] [62] II
Groundshark File:Carcharhinus signatus nmfs.jpg Carcharhinus signatus Night shark unknown File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[63] [64] [65] II
Mackerel
shark 		File:Carcharias taurus in UShaka Sea World 1079-a.jpg Carcharias taurus Sand tiger decreasing File:CR IUCN 3 1.svg Critically endangered[66] [67] [68]
Mackerel
shark 		File:White shark.jpg Carcharodon carcharias Great white shark unknown File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[69] [70] [71] II
Dogfish File:Centrophorus granulosus.jpg Centrophorus granulosus Gulper shark decreasing File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[72] [73] [74]
Dogfish File:Centrophorus harrissoni.jpg Centrophorus harrissoni Dumb gulper shark decreasing File:EN IUCN 3 1.svg Endangered[75] [76] [77]
Dogfish Centrophorus lusitanicus Lowfin gulper shark unknown File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[78] [79] [80]
Dogfish File:Centrophorus squamosus1.jpg Centrophorus squamosus Deepwater spiny dogfish decreasing File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[81] [82] [83]
Mackerel
shark 		File:Cetorhinus maximus by greg skomal.JPG Cetorhinus maximus Basking shark decreasing File:EN IUCN 3 1.svg Endangered[84] [85] [86] II
Groundshark File:Chaenogaleus macrostoma Day - cropped.png Chaenogaleus macrostoma Hooktooth shark unknown File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[87] [88]
Groundshark File:Galeorhinus galeus1.jpg Galeorhinus galeus School shark decreasing File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[89] [90] [91]
Groundshark Galeus mincaronei Southern sawtail catshark decreasing File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[92] [93]
Groundshark File:Carcharias gangeticus by muller and henle.png Glyphis gangeticus Ganges shark decreasing File:CR IUCN 3 1.svg Critically endangered [94] [95] II
Groundshark File:Glyphis garricki csiro-nfc.jpg Glyphis garricki New Guinea river shark decreasing File:CR IUCN 3 1.svg Critically endangered [96] [97] II
Groundshark File:Speartooth shark melbourne.jpg Glyphis glyphis Speartooth shark decreasing File:EN IUCN 3 1.svg Endangered[98] [99] II
Groundshark File:Carcharias gangeticus by muller and henle.png Glyphis siamensis Irrawaddy river shark unknown File:CR IUCN 3 1.svg Critically endangered [100] [101] II
Groundshark
File:Brown shyshark DEK5155.jpg
 Haploblepharus fuscus Brown shyshark unknown File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[102] [103]
Groundshark Haploblepharus kistnasamyi Natal shyshark unknown File:CR IUCN 3 1.svg Critically endangered[104] [105]
Groundshark File:Hemigaleus microstoma ranong 3.jpg Hemigaleus microstoma Sickle fin weasel shark decreasing File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[106] [107]
Groundshark File:Hemipristis elongata csiro-nfc.jpg Hemipristis elongata Snaggletooth shark decreasing File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[108] [109]
Carpet shark File:The Australian zoologist (1968) (19729729973).jpg Hemiscyllium hallstromi Papuan epaulette shark unknown File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[110] [111] [112]
Carpet shark File:Hemiscyllium strahani Whitley, 1967 2831924704.jpg Hemiscyllium strahani Hooded carpet shark unknown File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[113] [114] [115]
Groundshark Hemitriakis leucoperiptera Whitefin topeshark unknown File:EN IUCN 3 1.svg Endangered[116] [117]
Groundshark Holohalaelurus favus Honeycomb Izak decreasing File:EN IUCN 3 1.svg Endangered[118] [119]
Groundshark Holohalaelurus punctatus Whitespotted Izak decreasing File:EN IUCN 3 1.svg Endangered[120] [121]
Groundshark File:Carcharias oxyrhynchus by muller and henle.png Isogomphodon oxyrhynchus Daggernose shark decreasing File:CR IUCN 3 1.svg Critically endangered[122] [123]
Mackerel
shark 		File:Isurus oxyrinchus by mark conlin2.JPG Isurus oxyrinchus Shortfin mako decreasing File:EN IUCN 3 1.svg Endangered[124] [125] [126]
Mackerel
shark 		File:Long fin mako shark.svg Isurus paucus Longfin mako decreasing File:EN IUCN 3 1.svg Endangered[127] [128] [129]
Groundshark File:Carcharias temminckii by muller and henle.png Lamiopsis temminckii Broadfin shark decreasing File:EN IUCN 3 1.svg Endangered[130] [131] II
Mackerel
shark 		File:Lamna nasus.jpg Lamna nasus Porbeagle decreasing File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[132] [133] III
(II eff. Sept. 2014)
Groundshark Mustelus fasciatus Striped smooth-hound decreasing File:CR IUCN 3 1.svg Critically endangered[134] [135]
Groundshark File:Mustelus mustelus1.jpg Mustelus mustelus Common smoothhound decreasing File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[136] [137]
Groundshark Mustelus schmitti Narrownose smoothhound decreasing File:EN IUCN 3 1.svg Endangered[138] [139] [140]
Groundshark File:Mustelus whitneyi SI.jpg Mustelus whitneyi Humpback smoothhound decreasing File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[141] [142]
Groundshark File:FMIB 50628 Carcharias velox Gilbert Type specimen; Panama.jpeg Nasolamia velox whitenose shark decreasing File:EN IUCN 3 1.svg Endangered[138] [143]
Carpet shark File:Nebrius ferrugineus Day.jpg Nebrius ferrugineus Tawny nurse shark decreasing File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[144] [145] [146]
Groundshark File:Negaprion acutidens sydney2.jpg Negaprion acutidens Sharptooth lemon shark decreasing File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[147] [148] II
Mackerel
shark 		File:Odontaspis ferox (Smalltooth sand tiger).gif Odontaspis ferox Small-tooth sand tiger shark decreasing File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[149] [150] [151]
Dogfish File:Oxynotus centrina Gervais.jpg Oxynotus centrina Angular rough shark unknown File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[152] [153] [154]
Carpet shark File:Pseudoginglymostoma brevicaudatum.jpg Pseudoginglymostoma
brevicaudatum 		Shorttail nurse shark unknown File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[155] [156]
Carpet shark File:Rhtyp u0 white bg.gif Rhincodon typus Whale shark decreasing File:EN IUCN 3 1.svg Endangered[157] [158] [159] II
Groundshark Schroederichthys
saurisqualus 		Lizard catshark unknown File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[160] [161]
Groundshark File:Scylliogaleus quecketti BOULENGER,1902.jpg Scylliogaleus quecketti Flapnose houndshark unknown File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[162] [163]
Groundshark File:Sphyrna lewini Gervais.jpg Sphyrna lewini Scalloped hammerhead decreasing File:CR IUCN 3 1.svg Critically endangered [164] [165] [166] II (eff. Sept. 2014)
Groundshark File:Sphyrna mokarran at georgia.jpg Sphyrna mokarran Great hammerhead decreasing File:CR IUCN 3 1.svg Critically Endangered[167] [168] II (eff. Sept. 2014)
Groundshark File:Sphyrna tiburo.jpg Sphyrna tiburo Bonnethead shark decreasing File:EN IUCN 3 1.svg Endangered[167] [169] II
Groundshark File:Sphyrna tudes2.jpg Sphyrna tudes Smalleye hammerhead decreasing File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[170] [171] II
Groundshark File:Sphyrna zygaena noaa.jpg Sphyrna zygaena Smooth hammerhead decreasing File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[172] [173] II (eff. Sept. 2014)
Dogfish File:Squalus acanthias stellwagen.jpg Squalus acanthias Piked dogfish decreasing File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[174] [175] [176]
Dogfish File:Squalus-montalbani-sideview.png Squalus montalbani Philippines spurdog decreasing File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[177] [178]
Angel shark File:Squatina aculeata.001 - Aquarium Finisterrae.jpg Squatina aculeata Sawback angelshark decreasing File:CR IUCN 3 1.svg Critically endangered[179] [180] [181]
Angel shark Squatina albipunctata Eastern angel shark decreasing File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[182] [183]
Angel shark Squatina argentina Argentine angel shark decreasing File:EN IUCN 3 1.svg Endangered[184] [185] [186]
Angel shark Squatina formosa Taiwan angelshark unknown File:EN IUCN 3 1.svg Endangered[187] [188] [189]
Angel shark Squatina guggenheim Hidden angelshark decreasing File:EN IUCN 3 1.svg Endangered[190] [191]
Angel shark File:Squatina japonica2.jpg Squatina japonica Japanese angelshark unknown File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[192] [193] [194]
Angel shark Squatina nebulosa Clouded angelshark unknown File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[195] [196] [197]
Angel shark File:Hal - Squatina oculata.jpg Squatina oculata Smoothback angel shark decreasing File:CR IUCN 3 1.svg Critically endangered[198] [199] [200]
Angel shark Squatina punctata Angular angelshark decreasing File:EN IUCN 3 1.svg Endangered[201] [202]
Angel shark File:Squatina squatina tenerife.jpg Squatina squatina Angel shark decreasing File:CR IUCN 3 1.svg Critically endangered[203] [204] [205]
Angel shark Squatina tergocellatoides Ocellated angelshark unknown File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[206] [207] [208]
Carpet shark File:Stegostoma fasciatum mozambique.jpg Stegostoma fasciatum Zebra shark decreasing File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[209] [210] [211]
Groundshark Triakis acutipinna Sharpfin houndshark decreasing File:EN IUCN 3 1.svg Endangered[212] [213]
Groundshark Triakis maculata Spotted houndshark decreasing File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg Vulnerable[214] [215]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Hoffmann M, C Hilton-Taylor and 173 others (2010) "The impact of conservation on the status of the world's vertebrates" Science, 330: 1503–1509. doi:10.1126/science.1194442
  2. ↑ International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria" (PDF). IUCN. August 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 5 September 2012. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. ↑ "Red List Overview". IUCN Red List. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Archived from the original on 27 May 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 CITES conference takes decisive action to halt decline of tropical timber, sharks, manta rays and a wide range of other plants and animals
  6. ↑ "The Greatest Threats to Sharks". Oceana. 2007. Archived from the original on 3 June 2009. Retrieved 29 August 2009.
  7. ↑ Pratt, H. L. Jr; Gruber, S. H.; Taniuchi, T (1990). Elasmobranchs as living resources: Advances in the biology, ecology, systematics, and the status of the fisheries. NOAA Tech Rept.
  8. ↑ Walker, T.I. (1998). Shark Fisheries Management and Biology.
  9. ↑ Sharks Falling Prey To Humans' Appetites National Geographic, 28 October 2010.
  10. ↑ HowStuffWorks "How many sharks are killed recreationally each year - and why?". Animals.howstuffworks.com. Retrieved on 2010-09-16.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Shark fin soup alters an ecosystem—CNN.com". CNN. 15 December 2008. Retrieved 23 May 2010.
  12. ↑ Urbina, Ian (17 February 2016). "Palau vs. the Poachers (Published 2016)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  13. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 4 August 2008. Retrieved 6 February 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  14. ↑ "Shark fisheries and trade in Europe: Fact sheet on Italy". Retrieved 6 September 2007.
  15. ↑ Sharkwater | Movies. EW.com (2007-10-31). Retrieved on 2010-09-16.
  16. ↑ Third of open ocean sharks threatened with extinction IUCN, 25 June 2009.
  17. ↑ Camhi, M.D; Valenti, S.V.; Fordham, S.V.; Fowler, S.L.; Gibson, C., eds. (February 2007). "The Conservation Status of Pelagic Sharks and Rays" (PDF). Pelagic Shark Red List Workshop. Oxford, England: IUCN Shark Specialist Group. ISBN 978-0-9561063-1-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 January 2011. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  18. ↑ Jha, Alok (25 June 2009). "Fishing puts a third of all oceanic shark species at risk of extinction". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 July 2009.
  19. ↑ Jolly, David (23 March 2010). "U.N. Group Rejects Shark Protections". The New York Times.
  20. ↑ "Qatar. UN body flip-flops on shark protection". Tawa News, Canwest News Service. 26 March 2010. Archived from the original on 29 March 2010.
  21. ↑ Opponents fail to overturn shark protection deal Dow Jones Newswires, 14 March 2013.
  22. ↑ Five shark species win protection against finning trade The Guardian, 11 March 2013.
  23. ↑ CITES Makes Historic Decision to Protect Sharks and Rays ScienceDaily, 14 March 2013.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 "Appendices I, II and III". CITES. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
  25. ↑ "New measures to combat WA shark risks". Department of Fisheries, Western Australia. 10 December 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  26. ↑ Arup, Tom (21 January 2014), "Greg Hunt grants WA exemption for shark cull plan", The Sydney Morning Herald, Fairfax Media, archived from the original on 22 January 2014
  27. ↑ "Can governments protect people from killer sharks?". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 22 December 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  28. ↑ Australia shark policy to stay, despite threats TVNZ, 20 January 2014.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Pacoureau, Nathan; Rigby, Cassandra L.; Kyne, Peter M.; Sherley, Richard B.; Winker, Henning; Carlson, John K.; Fordham, Sonja V.; Barreto, Rodrigo; Fernando, Daniel; Francis, Malcolm P.; Jabado, Rima W.; Herman, Katelyn B.; Liu, Kwang-Ming; Marshall, Andrea D.; Pollom, Riley A.; Romanov, Evgeny V.; Simpfendorfer, Colin A.; Yin, Jamie S.; Kindsvater, Holly K.; Dulvy, Nicholas K. (2021). "Half a century of global decline in oceanic sharks and rays". Nature. 589 (7843): 567–571. Bibcode:2021Natur.589..567P. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03173-9. hdl:10871/124531. PMID 33505035. S2CID 231723355.
  30. ↑ Davidson, Lindsay N K.; Krawchuk, Meg A.; Dulvy, Nicholas K. (2016). "Why have global shark and ray landings declined: Improved management or overfishing?". Fish and Fisheries. 17 (2): 438–458. Bibcode:2016AqFF...17..438D. doi:10.1111/faf.12119.
  31. ↑ Dulvy, Nicholas K.; Simpfendorfer, Colin A.; Davidson, Lindsay N.K.; Fordham, Sonja V.; Bräutigam, Amie; Sant, Glenn; Welch, David J. (2017). "Challenges and Priorities in Shark and Ray Conservation". Current Biology. 27 (11): R565–R572. Bibcode:2017CBio...27.R565D. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.04.038. PMID 28586694. S2CID 20632998.
  32. ↑ Simpfendorfer, Colin A.; Dulvy, Nicholas K. (2017). "Bright spots of sustainable shark fishing". Current Biology. 27 (3): R97–R98. Bibcode:2017CBio...27..R97S. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.12.017. PMID 28171764. S2CID 46839247.
  33. ↑ Sumaila, Ussif Rashid; Cheung, William; Dyck, Andrew; Gueye, Kamal; Huang, Ling; Lam, Vicky; Pauly, Daniel; Srinivasan, Thara; Swartz, Wilf; Watson, Reginald; Zeller, Dirk (2012). "Benefits of Rebuilding Global Marine Fisheries Outweigh Costs". PLOS ONE. 7 (7): e40542. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...740542S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040542. PMC 3396648. PMID 22808187.
  34. ↑ Rigby, C.L.; Barreto, R.; Carlson, J.; Fernando, D.; Fordham, S.; Francis, M.P.; Herman, K.; Jabado, R.W.; Liu, K.M.; Marshall, A.; Pacoureau, N.; Romanov, E.; Sherley, R.B.; Winker, H. (2019). "Alopias pelagicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T161597A68607857. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T161597A68607857.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  35. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Alopias pelagicus". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  36. ↑ Alopias pelagicus (Nakamura, 1935) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved March 2013.
  37. ↑ Amorim, A.; Baum, J.; Cailliet, G.M.; Clò, S.; Clarke, S.C.; Fergusson, I.; Gonzalez, M.; Macias, D.; Mancini, P.; Mancusi, C.; et al. (2009). "Alopias superciliosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T161696A5482468. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T161696A5482468.en. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  38. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Alopias superciliosus". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  39. ↑ Alopias superciliosus (Lowe, 1841) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved March 2013.
  40. ↑ Goldman, K.J.; Baum, J.; Cailliet, G.M.; Cortés, E.; Kohin, S.; Macías, D.; Megalofonou, P.; Perez, M.; Soldo, A. & Trejo, T. (2009). "Alopias vulpinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T39339A10205317. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T39339A10205317.en. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  41. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Alopias vulpinus". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  42. ↑ Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre, 1788) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved March 2013.
  43. ↑ White, W.T.; Fahmi & Dharmadi (2009). "Atelomycterus baliensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T161736A5491875. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T161736A5491875.en. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  44. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Atelomycterus baliensis". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  45. ↑ Fowler, S.L. & Lisney, T.J. (2003). "Aulohalaelurus kanakorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2003: e.T41870A10581635. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2003.RLTS.T41870A10581635.en. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  46. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Aulohalaelurus kanakorum". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  47. ↑ Kyne, P.M.; Compagno, L.J.V.; Last, P.R.; Stevens, J.D. (2015). "Brachaelurus colcloughi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T39335A68610594. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T39335A68610594.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  48. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Brachaelurus colcloughi". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  49. ↑ Compagno, L.J.V. (2009). "Carcharhinus borneensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T39367A10182233. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T39367A10182233.en. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  50. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Carcharhinus borneensis". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  51. ↑ Compagno, L.J.V.; White, W. & Fowler, S. (2003). "Carcharhinus hemiodon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2003: e.T39369A10185838. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2003.RLTS.T39369A10185838.en. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  52. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Pondicherry shark". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  53. ↑ Simpfendorfer, C.; Jabado, R.W.; Valinassab, T.; Elhassan, I.; Moore, A. (2017). "Carcharhinus leiodon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T39371A109876922. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T39371A109876922.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  54. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Carcharhinus leiodon". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  55. ↑ Rigby, C.L.; Barreto, R.; Carlson, J.; Fernando, D.; Fordham, S.; Francis, M.P.; Herman, K.; Jabado, R.W.; Liu, K.M.; Marshall, A.; Pacoureau, N.; Romanov, E.; Sherley, R.B & Winker, H. (2019). "Carcharhinus longimanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T39374A2911619. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T39374A2911619.en. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
  56. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Carcharhinus longimanus". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  57. ↑ Musick, J.A.; Grubbs, R.D.; Baum, J. & Cortés, E. (2009). "Carcharhinus obscurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T3852A10127245. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T3852A10127245.en. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  58. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Carcharhinus obscurus". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  59. ↑ Carcharhinus obscurus (LeSueur, 1818) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved March 2013.
  60. ↑ Musick, J.A.; Stevens, J.D.; Baum, J.K.; Bradai, M.; Clò, S.; Fergusson, I.; Grubbs, R.D.; Soldo, A.; Vacchi, M. & Vooren, C.M. (2009). "Carcharhinus plumbeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T3853A10130397. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T3853A10130397.en. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  61. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Carcharhinus plumbeus". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  62. ↑ Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo, 1827) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved March 2013.
  63. ↑ Santana, F.M.; Lessa, R. & Carlson, J. (2006). "Carcharhinus signatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2006: e.T60219A12323765. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T60219A12323765.en. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  64. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Carcharhinus signatus". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  65. ↑ Carcharhinus signatus (Poey, 1868) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved March 2013.
  66. ↑ Pollard, D. & Smith, A. (2009). "Carcharias taurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T3854A10132481. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T3854A10132481.en. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  67. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Carcharias taurus". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  68. ↑ Carcharias taurus (Rafinesque, 1810) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved March 2013.
  69. ↑ Fergusson, I.; Compagno, L.J.V. & Marks, M. (2009). "Carcharodon carcharias". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T3855A10133872. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T3855A10133872.en. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  70. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Carcharodon carcharias". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  71. ↑ Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved March 2013.
  72. ↑ Finucci, B.; Bineesh, K.K.; Cheok, J.; Cotton, C.F.; Dharmadi, Kulka, D.W.; Neat, F.C.; Pacoureau, N.; Rigby, C.L.; Tanaka, S.; Walker, T.I. (2020). "Centrophorus granulosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T162293947A2897883. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162293947A2897883.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  73. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Centrophorus granulosus". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  74. ↑ Centrophorus granulosus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved March 2013.
  75. ↑ Graham, K. (2013). "Centrophorus harrissoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T41740A16726236. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T41740A16726236.en. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  76. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Centrophorus harrissoni". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  77. ↑ Centrophorus harrissoni (McCulloch, 1915) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved March 2013.
  78. ↑ Clarke, M.; White, W. & Compagno, L.J.V. (2009). "Centrophorus lusitanicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
  79. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Centrophorus lusitanicus". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  80. ↑ Centrophorus lusitanicus (Bocage & Capello, 1864) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved March 2013.
  81. ↑ Finucci, B.; Bineesh, K.K.; Cheok, J.; Cotton, C.F.; Dharmadi, Kulka, D.W.; Neat, F.C.; Pacoureau, N.; Rigby, C.L.; Tanaka, S.; Walker, T.I. (2020). "Centrophorus squamosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T41871A68614964. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T41871A68614964.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  82. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Centrophorus squamosus". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  83. ↑ Centrophorus squamosus (Bonnaterre, 1788) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved March 2013.
  84. ↑ Rigby, C.L.; Barreto, R.; Carlson, J.; Fernando, D.; Fordham, S.; Francis, M.P.; Herman, K.; Jabado, R.W.; Liu, K.M.; Marshall, A.; Romanov, E.; Kyne, P.M. (2021). "Cetorhinus maximus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T4292A194720078. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T4292A194720078.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  85. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Cetorhinus maximus". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  86. ↑ Cetorhinus maximus (Gunnerus, 1765) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved March 2013.
  87. ↑ Rigby, C.L.; Bin Ali, A.; Bineesh, K.K.; Derrick, D.; Fahmi, Haque, A.B.; Maung, A. (2021). "Chaenogaleus macrostoma". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T161695A173437577. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T161695A173437577.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  88. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Chaenogaleus macrostoma". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  89. ↑ Walker, T.I.; Rigby, C.L.; Pacoureau, N.; Ellis, J.; Kulka, D.W.; Chiaramonte, G.E.; Herman, K. (2020). "Galeorhinus galeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39352A2907336. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39352A2907336.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  90. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Galeorhinus galeus". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  91. ↑ Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved March 2013.
  92. ↑ Pollom, R.; Charvet, P.; Cuevas, J.M.; Herman, K.; Paesch, L.; Rincon, G. (2020). "Galeus mincaronei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T44578A2995648. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T44578A2995648.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  93. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Galeus mincaronei". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  94. ↑ Rigby, C.L.; Derrick, D.; Dulvy, N.K.; Grant, I.; Jabado, R.W. (2021). "Glyphis gangeticus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T169473392A124398647. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T169473392A124398647.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  95. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Glyphis gangeticus". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  96. ↑ Kyne, P.M.; Rigby, C.L.; Cheok, J.; Darwall, W.R.T.; Grant, I.; Simpfendorfer, C. (2021). "Glyphis garricki". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T42712A68624151. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T42712A68624151.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  97. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Glyphis garricki". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  98. ↑ Kyne, P.M.; Rigby, C.L.; Darwall, W.R.T.; Grant, I.; Simpfendorfer, C. (2021). "Glyphis glyphis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T39379A68624306. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T39379A68624306.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  99. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Glyphis glyphis". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  100. ↑ Barnett, L.A.K.; Quaranta, K.L.; Ebert, D.A.; White, W.T. & Compagno, L.J.V. (2009). "Glyphis siamensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
  101. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Glyphis siamensis". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  102. ↑ Pollom, R.; Da Silva, C.; Gledhill, K.; Leslie, R.; McCord, M.E.; Winker, H. (2020). "Haploblepharus fuscus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39346A124403821. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39346A124403821.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  103. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Haploblepharus fuscus". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  104. ↑ Pollom, R.; Gledhill, K.; Da Silva, C.; Ebert, D.A.; Leslie, R.; McCord, M.E.; Sink, K.; Winker, H. (2019). "Haploblepharus kistnasamyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T161667A124524866. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T161667A124524866.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  105. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Haploblepharus kistnasamyi". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  106. ↑ Sherman, C.S.; Simpfendorfer, C.; Bin Ali, A.; Bineesh, K.K.; Derrick, D.; Dharmadi, Fahmi, Fernando, D.; Haque, A.B.; Maung, A.; Seyha, L.; Spaet, J.; Tanay, D.; Utzurrum, J.A.T.; Vo, V.Q.; Yuneni, R.R. (2021). "Hemigaleus microstoma". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T41816A124418711. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T41816A124418711.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  107. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Hemigaleus microstoma". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  108. ↑ White, W.T.; Simpfendorfer, C. (2016). "Hemipristis elongata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41874A68625034. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41874A68625034.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  109. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Hemipristis elongata". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  110. ↑ Dudgeon, C.L.; Heupel, M.R.; Kyne, P.M.; Allen, G. (2016). "Hemiscyllium hallstromi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41875A70709453. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41875A70709453.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  111. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Hemiscyllium hallstromi". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  112. ↑ Hemiscyllium hallstromi (Whitley, 1967) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2013.
  113. ↑ VanderWright, W.J.; Allen, G.R.; Derrick, D.; Dudgeon, C.L.; Erdmann, M.V.; Sianipar, A. (2021). "Hemiscyllium strahani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T41819A198886746. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T41819A198886746.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  114. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Hemiscyllium strahani". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  115. ↑ Hemiscyllium strahani (Whitley, 1967) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2013.
  116. ↑ Sherman, C.S.; Simpfendorfer, C.; Bin Ali, A.; Bineesh, K.K.; Derrick, D.; Dharmadi, Fahmi, Fernando, D.; Haque, A.B.; Maung, A.; Seyha, L.; Tanay, D.; Utzurrum, J.A.T.; Vo, V.Q.; Yuneni, R.R. (2021). "Hemitriakis leucoperiptera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T39353A124404742. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T39353A124404742.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  117. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Hemitriakis leucoperiptera". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  118. ↑ Pollom, R.; Gledhill, K.; Fernando, S.; Leslie, R. (2020). "Holohalaelurus favus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T161652A124522141. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T161652A124522141.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  119. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Holohalaelurus favus". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  120. ↑ Pollom, R.; Gledhill, K.; Leslie, R.; Samoilys, M.; Sink, K. (2020). "Holohalaelurus punctatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T161675A124526498. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T161675A124526498.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  121. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Holohalaelurus punctatus". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  122. ↑ Pollom, R.; Charvet, P.; Faria, V.; Herman, K.; Lasso-Alcalá, O.; Marcante, F.; Nunes, J.; Rincon, G.; Kyne, P.M. (2020). "Isogomphodon oxyrhynchus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T60218A3094144. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T60218A3094144.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  123. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Isogomphodon oxyrhynchus". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  124. ↑ Rigby, C.L.; Barreto, R.; Carlson, J.; Fernando, D.; Fordham, S.; Francis, M.P.; Jabado, R.W.; Liu, K.M.; Marshall, A.; Pacoureau, N.; Romanov, E.; Sherley, R.B.; Winker, H. (2019). "Isurus oxyrinchus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T39341A2903170. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T39341A2903170.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  125. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Isurus oxyrinchus". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  126. ↑ Isurus oxyrinchus (Rafinesque, 1809) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2013.
  127. ↑ Rigby, C.L.; Barreto, R.; Carlson, J.; Fernando, D.; Fordham, S.; Francis, M.P.; Jabado, R.W.; Liu, K.M.; Marshall, A.; Pacoureau, N.; Romanov, E.; Sherley, R.B.; Winker, H. (2019). "Isurus paucus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T60225A3095898. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T60225A3095898.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  128. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Isurus paucus". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  129. ↑ Isurus paucus (Guitart Manday, 1966) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2013.
  130. ↑ Dulvy, N.K.; Al Mamari, T.; Bineesh, K.K.; Derrick, D.; Haque, A.B.; Maung, A.; Moore, A.; VanderWright, W.J. (2021). "Lamiopsis temminckii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T169760690A124508850. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T169760690A124508850.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  131. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Lamiopsis temminckii". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  132. ↑ Rigby, C.L.; Barreto, R.; Carlson, J.; Fernando, D.; Fordham, S.; Francis, M.P.; Herman, K.; Jabado, R.W.; Liu, K.M.; Marshall, A.; Pacoureau, N.; Romanov, E.; Sherley, R.B.; Winker, H. (2019). "Lamna nasus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T11200A500969. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T11200A500969.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  133. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Lamna nasus". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  134. ↑ Pollom, R.; Barreto, R.; Charvet, P.; Chiaramonte, G.E.; Cuevas, J.M.; Herman, K.; Montealegre-Quijano, S.; Motta, F.; Paesch, L.; Rincon, G. (2020). "Mustelus fasciatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T44581A2995765. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T44581A2995765.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  135. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Mustelus fasciatus". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  136. ↑ Jabado, R.W.; Chartrain, E.; Cliff, G.; Da Silva, C.; De Bruyne, G.; Derrick, D.; Dia, M.; Diop, M.; Doherty, P.; El Vally, Y.; Leurs, G.H.L.; Meissa, B.; Metcalfe, K.; Pacoureau, N.; Pires, J.D.; Seidu, I.; Serena, F.; Soares, A.-L.; Tamo, A.; VanderWright, W.J.; Williams, A.B.; Winker, H. (2021). "Mustelus mustelus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T39358A124405881. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T39358A124405881.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  137. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Mustelus mustelus". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  138. ↑ 138.0 138.1 Ruiz, C., Arauz, R., Pérez-Jiménez, J.C., Castillo-Geniz, J.L.& Soriano-Velásquez, S. (2009). Nasolamia velox. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/161355/124470861
  139. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Mustelus schmitti". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  140. ↑ Mustelus schmitti (Springer, 1940) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2013.
  141. ↑ Dulvy, N.K.; Acuña, E.; Bustamante, C.; Cevallos, A.; Herman, K.; Velez-Zuazo, X. (2020). "Mustelus whitneyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T63129A124461599. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T63129A124461599.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  142. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Mustelus whitneyi". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  143. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Nasolamia velox". FishBase. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
  144. ↑ Simpfendorfer, C.; Derrick, D.; , D.; Bin Ali, A.; Fahmi, Vo, V.Q.; Tanay, D.; Seyha, L.; Haque, A.B.; Fernando, D.; Bineesh, K.K.; Utzurrum, J.A.T.; Yuneni, R.R.; Maung, A. (2021). "Nebrius ferrugineus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T41835A173437098. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T41835A173437098.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  145. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Nebrius ferrugineus". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  146. ↑ Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson, 1831) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2013.
  147. ↑ Simpfendorfer, C.; Derrick, D.; Yuneni, R.R.; Maung, A.; Utzurrum, J.A.T.; Seyha, L.; Haque, A.B.; Fahmi, Bin Ali, A.; , D.; Bineesh, K.K.; Fernando, D.; Tanay, D.; Vo, V.Q.; Gutteridge, A.N. (2021). "Negaprion acutidens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T41836A173435545. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T41836A173435545.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  148. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Negaprion acutidens". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  149. ↑ Pollard, D.; Gordon, I.; Williams, S.; Flaherty, A.; Fergusson, I.K.; Dicken, M. & Graham, K. (2009). "Odontaspis ferox". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
  150. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Odontaspis ferox". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  151. ↑ Odontaspis ferox (Risso, 1810) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2013.
  152. ↑ Finucci, B.; Chartrain, E.; De Bruyne, G.; Derrick, D.; Ducrocq, M.; Williams, A.B.; VanderWright, W.J. (2021). "Oxynotus centrina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T63141A124462573. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T63141A124462573.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  153. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Oxynotus centrina". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  154. ↑ Oxynotus centrina (Linnaeus, 1758) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2013.
  155. ↑ Pollom, R.; Bennett, R.; Jabado, R.W.; Kuguru, B.; Samoilys, M. (2019). "Pseudoginglymostoma brevicaudatum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T44617A124435749. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T44617A124435749.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  156. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Pseudoginglymostoma brevicaudatum". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  157. ↑ Pierce, S.J.; Norman, B. (2016). "Rhincodon typus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19488A2365291. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T19488A2365291.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  158. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Rhincodon typus". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  159. ↑ Rhincodon typus (Smith, 1828) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2013.
  160. ↑ Pollom, R.; Barreto, R.; Charvet, P.; Montealegre-Quijano, S.; Motta, F.; Rincon, G. (2020). "Schroederichthys saurisqualus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T44586A2996520. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T44586A2996520.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  161. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Schroederichthys saurisqualus". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  162. ↑ Compagno, L.J.V. (2005). "Scylliogaleus quecketti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2005. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
  163. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Scylliogaleus quecketti". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  164. ↑ Rigby, C.L.; Dulvy, N.K.; Barreto, R.; Carlson, J.; Fernando, D.; Fordham, S.; Francis, M.P.; Herman, K.; Jabado, R.W.; Liu, K.M.; Marshall, A.; Pacoureau, N.; Romanov, E.; Sherley, R.B. & Winker, H. (2019). "Sphyrna lewini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T39385A2918526. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
  165. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Sphyrna lewini". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  166. ↑ Sphyrna lewini (Griffith & Smith, 1834) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2013.
  167. ↑ 167.0 167.1 Rigby, C.L.; Barreto, R.; Carlson, J.; Fernando, D.; Fordham, S.; Francis, M.P.; Herman, K.; Jabado, R.W.; Liu, K.M.; Marshall, A.; Pacoureau, N.; Romanov, E.; Sherley, R.B.; Winker, H. (2019). "Sphyrna mokarran". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T39386A2920499. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T39386A2920499.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  168. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Sphyrna mokarran". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  169. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Sphyrna tiburo". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  170. ↑ Pollom, R.; Barreto, R.; Charvet, P.; Chiaramonte, G.E.; Cuevas, J.M.; Faria, V.; Herman, K.; Lasso-Alcalá, O.; Marcante, F.; Mejía-Falla, P.A.; Montealegre-Quijano, S.; Motta, F.; Navia, A.F.; Nunes, J.; Paesch, L.; Rincon, G. (2020). "Sphyrna tudes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T60202A3091946. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T60202A3091946.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  171. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Sphyrna tudes". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  172. ↑ Rigby, C.L.; Barreto, R.; Carlson, J.; Fernando, D.; Fordham, S.; Herman, K.; Jabado, R.W.; Liu, K.M.; Marshall, A.; Pacoureau, N.; Romanov, E.; Sherley, R.B.; Winker, H. (2019). "Sphyrna zygaena". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T39388A2921825. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T39388A2921825.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  173. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Sphyrna zygaena". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  174. ↑ Finucci, B.; Cheok, J.; Chiaramonte, G.E.; Cotton, C.F.; Dulvy, N.K.; Kulka, D.W.; Neat, F.C.; Pacoureau, N.; Rigby, C.L.; Tanaka, S.; Walker, T.I. (2020). "Squalus acanthias". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T91209505A124551959. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T91209505A124551959.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  175. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Squalus acanthias". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  176. ↑ Squalus acanthias (Smith & Radcliffe, 1912) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2013.
  177. ↑ Graham, K.J. (2019). "Squalus montalbani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T161404A68645208. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T161404A68645208.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  178. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Squalus montalbani". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  179. ↑ Morey, G.; Barker, J.; Bartolí, A.; Gordon, C.; Hood, A.; Jimenez-Alvarado, D.; Meyers, E.K.M. (2019). "Squatina aculeata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T61417A116768915. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T61417A116768915.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  180. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Squatina aculeata". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  181. ↑ Squatina aculeata (Cuvier, 1829) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2013.
  182. ↑ Pogonoski, J.; Pollard, D.A.; Rigby, C.L. (2016). "Squatina albipunctata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T42729A68645549. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T42729A68645549.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  183. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Squatina albipunctata". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  184. ↑ Cuevas, J.M.; Awruch, C.A.; Barreto, R.; Charvet, P.; Chiaramonte, G.E.; Dolphine, P.; Faria, V.; Paesch, L.; Rincon, G. (2019). "Squatina argentina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T39329A116841596. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T39329A116841596.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  185. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Squatina argentina". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  186. ↑ Squatina argentina (Marini, 1930) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2013.
  187. ↑ Rigby, C.L.; Chen, X.; Ebert, D.A.; Herman, K.; Ho, H.; Hsu, H.; Zhang, J. (2020). "Squatina formosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T161456A134193368. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T161456A134193368.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  188. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Squatina formosa". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  189. ↑ Squatina formosa (Shen & Ting, 1972) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2013.
  190. ↑ Oddone, M.C.; Awruch, C.A.; Barreto, R.; Charvet, P.; Chiaramonte, G.E.; Cuevas, J.M.; Dolphine, P.; Faria, V.; Paesch, L.; Rincon, G.; Vooren, C.M. (2019). "Squatina guggenheim". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T130393378A130393975. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T130393378A130393975.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  191. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Squatina guggenheim". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  192. ↑ Walls, R.H.L.; Rigby, C.L.; Derrick, D.; Dyldin, Y.V.; Ebert, D.A.; Herman, K.; Ishihara, H.; Jeong, C.-H.; Semba, Y.; Tanaka, S.; Volvenko, I.V.; Yamaguchi, A. (2021). "Squatina japonica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T161558A134194013. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T161558A134194013.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  193. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Squatina japonica". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  194. ↑ Squatina japonica (Bleeker, 1858) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2013.
  195. ↑ Rigby, C.L.; Walls, R.H.L.; Derrick, D.; Dyldin, Y.V.; Herman, K.; Ho, H.; Ishihara, H.; Jeong, C.-H.; Semba, Y.; Tanaka, S.; Volvenko, I.V.; Yamaguchi, A. (2021). "Squatina nebulosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T161325A134193576. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T161325A134193576.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  196. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Squatina nebulosa". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  197. ↑ Squatina nebulosa (Regan, 1906) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2013.
  198. ↑ Morey, G.; Barker, J.; Bartolí, A.; Gordon, C.; Hood, A.; Meyers, E.K.M.; Pollom, R. (2019). "Squatina oculata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T61418A116782036. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T61418A116782036.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  199. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Squatina oculata". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  200. ↑ Squatina oculata (Bonaparte, 1840) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2013.
  201. ↑ IUCN Shark Specialist Group (2007). "Squatina punctata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2007. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
  202. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Squatina punctata". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  203. ↑ Morey, G.; Barker, J.; Hood, A.; Gordon, C.; Bartolí, A.; Meyers, E.K.M.; Ellis, J.; Sharp, R.; Jimenez-Alvarado, D.; Pollom, R. (2019). "Squatina squatina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T39332A117498371. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T39332A117498371.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  204. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Squatina squatina". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  205. ↑ Squatina squatina (Linnaeus, 1758) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2013.
  206. ↑ Rigby, C.L.; Bin Ali, A.; Bineesh, K.K.; Chen, X.; Derrick, D.; Dharmadi, Ebert, D.A.; Fahmi, Fernando, D.; Gautama, D.A.; Haque, A.B.; Herman, K.; Ho, H.; Hsu, H.; Maung, A.; Vo, V.Q.; Sianipar, A.; Tanay, D.; Utzurrum, J.A.T.; Yuneni, R.R.; Zhang, J. (2020). "Squatina tergocellatoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T161525A134193835. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T161525A134193835.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  207. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Squatina tergocellatoides". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  208. ↑ Squatina tergocellatoides (Chen, 1963) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2013.
  209. ↑ Dudgeon, C.L.; Simpfendorfer, C.; Pillans, R.D. (2019). "Stegostoma tigrinum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41878A161303882. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T41878A161303882.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  210. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Stegostoma fasciatum". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  211. ↑ Stegostoma fasciatum (Hermann, 1783) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2013.
  212. ↑ Kyne, P.M.; Cevallos, A.; Hernández, S.; Ebert, D.A. (2021). "Triakis acutipinna". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T39361A124406514. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39361A124406514.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  213. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Triakis acutipinna". FishBase. March 2013 version.
  214. ↑ Dulvy, N.K.; Acuña, E.; Bustamante, C.; Herman, K.; Velez-Zuazo, X. (2020). "Triakis maculata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T63130A124461743. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T63130A124461743.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  215. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Triakis maculata". FishBase. March 2013 version.

Further reading

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