Three-level diamond interchange
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A three-level diamond interchange is a type of highway interchange where through traffic on both main roads is grade-separated from intersections which handle transferring traffic.[1] It is similar in design to a three-level stacked roundabout except for its use of (usually signalled) conventional intersections, and can be thought of as two diamond interchanges fused together. Road enthusiasts sometimes use the terms volleyball interchange or split-level diamond interchange to refer to these interchanges.[2]
Description
In a three-level diamond interchange, the two main roads are on separate levels, and on a third level, usually in the middle, there is a square of one-way roads. The square circulates clockwise where traffic drives on the left, or anticlockwise where it drives on the right. At each corner of the square is the terminal of an exit ramp from one main road and an entrance ramp to the other main road. Traffic transferring from one road to the other to make an overall right turn only passes through one corner of the square, at which point a right turn is made. Transfer traffic making an overall left turn must proceed straight through the first intersection it encounters, turn left at the next, and then proceed straight through a third intersection to enter the other main roadway. Its two-level variant is the split diamond interchange. Its at-grade variant is the town center intersection (TCI).
Examples
| Location | First Route | Second Route | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phoenix, Arizona, United States | Indian School Road | File:I-17.svg I-17 (Black Canyon Freeway) | Proposed three-level diamond interchange, will include I-17's frontage roads and Texas U-turns for Indian School Road traffic.[3] |
| Tucson, Arizona, United States | Kolb Road | File:I-10.svg I-10 (Tucson-Benson Highway) | Proposed combination of a three-level and Diverging diamond interchange, entrances and exits will utilize the diverging diamond element.[4] |
| Doral, Florida, United States | MIA Cargo Viaduct | File:Florida 826.svg SR 826 (Palmetto Expressway) | Northwest 25th Street serves as a frontage road for the MIA Cargo Viaduct. A flyover ramp was added to allow westbound MIA Cargo Viaduct traffic to join SR 826 north.[5] |
| Cedar Rapids, Iowa, United States | File:I-380.svg I-380 | File:Elongated circle 100.svg Iowa 100 | Collector/distributor roads intersect. |
| Detroit, Michigan, United States | File:I-75.svg I-75 (Walter P. Chrysler Freeway) | File:M-102 rectangle.svg M-102 (8 Mile Road) | I-75 uses frontage roads |
| File:M-1.svg M-1 (Woodward Avenue) | File:M-102 rectangle.svg M-102 (8 Mile Road) | ||
| File:M-10.svg M-10 (John C. Lodge Freeway) | File:M-102 rectangle.svg M-102 (8 Mile Road) | Includes slip ramps from northbound M-10 to westbound M-102, eastbound M-102 to southbound M-10, and westbound M-102 to northbound M-10. M-10 uses frontage roads | |
| Redford Township, Wayne County, Michigan, United States | File:I-96.svg I-96 (Jeffries Freeway) | File:US 24.svg US 24 (Telegraph Road) | I-96 uses frontage roads |
| Jefferson City, Missouri, United States | File:US 50.svgFile:US 63.svg US 50 / US 63 northbound | File:US 54.svgFile:US 63.svg US 54 / US 63 southbound | A flyover ramp has been added to allow westbound US 54 traffic to join US 50 east, bypassing one intersection. This addition necessitates the use of a nearby city street to transfer from westbound US 50 to westbound US 54. |
| Asheville, North Carolina, United States | File:I-240.svg I-240 | File:US 70.svg US 70 | I-240 exit 7 |
| High Point, North Carolina, United States | File:I-74.svg I-74 | File:US 29.svg US 29 | I-74 exit 71B |
| Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States | File:Oklahoma State Highway 74.svg SH-74 | File:Toll plate yellow.svg File:I-344.svgFile:Kilpatrick Turnpike.svg I-344 Toll / Kilpatrick Turnpike |
Includes frontage roads at-grade with interchange (signed as Portland Avenue and West Memorial Road, respectively, for the first and second routes). Two flyover ramps, one from westbound Kilpatrick Turnpike (I-344) to southbound OK-74 and the other from northbound OK-74 to eastbound Kilpatrick Turnpike, are included with the interchange. |
| Marple Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States | File:I-476.svg I-476 | File:US 1.svg US 1 | I-476 exit 5 |
| Robinson Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania, United States | File:Turnpike-576.svg PA Turnpike 576 | File:US 22.svg US 22 | PA 576 exit 6 |
| Austin, Texas, United States | File:US 183.svg US 183 | File:Texas Loop 275.svg Loop 275 | Includes frontage roads at-grade with interchange |
| Big Spring, Texas, United States | File:US 87.svg US 87 | File:I-20.svg I-20 | Includes frontage roads at-grade with interchange |
| Conroe, Texas, United States | File:Texas 242.svg SH 242 | File:I-45.svg I-45 | Proposed three-level diamond interchange.[6] Currently, at-grade frontage roads and two flyover ramps, one from northbound I-45 to westbound SH 242 (College Park Drive) and the other from westbound SH 242 (Needham Road) to southbound I-45, are included with the interchange. A third flyover from northbound I-45 to eastbound SH 242 is in the planning stages.[7] |
| Dallas, Texas, United States | File:Texas Loop 12.svg Loop 12 (Buckner Boulevard) | File:I-30.svgFile:US 67.svg I-30 / US 67 | Includes frontage roads at-grade with interchange |
| Del Valle, Texas, United States | File:71 Toll Lane free.svg 71 Toll Lanes | File:Toll Texas 130 new.svg SH 130 Toll (Pickle Parkway) | Includes frontage roads at-grade with interchange. A flyover ramp was added to allow eastbound SH 71 traffic to join SH 130 north. |
| El Paso, Texas, United States | File:US 54.svg US 54 (Patriot Freeway) | File:Texas Loop 375.svg Loop 375 (Woodrow Bean Transmountain Drive) | Includes frontage roads at-grade with interchange |
| Frisco, Texas, United States | File:Toll Texas SRT new.svg Sam Rayburn Tollway | File:Texas 289.svg SH 289 (Preston Road) | Includes frontage roads at-grade with interchange (signed as SH 121 for the first route) |
| File:Toll Texas DNT new.svg Dallas North Tollway | File:US 380.svg US 380 (University Drive) | Includes frontage roads at-grade with interchange (signed as Dallas Parkway for the first route) | |
| File:US 380.svg US 380 (University Drive) | File:Texas 289.svg SH 289 (Preston Road) | Includes frontage roads at-grade with interchange. | |
| Houston, Texas, United States | File:Texas 6.svgFile:Texas FM 1960.svg SH 6 / FM 1960 | File:US 290.svg US 290 (Northwest Freeway) | Includes frontage roads at-grade with interchange. A flyover ramp was added to allow northbound SH 6 traffic to join U.S. 290 east. |
| File:Texas 6.svg SH 6 | File:I-10.svg I-10 (Katy Freeway) | Includes frontage roads at-grade with interchange. | |
| File:Texas Beltway 8.svg Beltway 8 (Sam Houston Parkway) | File:Hardy Toll Road.svg Hardy Toll Road | Includes frontage roads at-grade with interchange. A flyover ramp was added to allow eastbound Beltway 8 traffic to join Hardy Toll Road north. | |
| File:Texas FM 1960.svg FM 1960 (Cypress Creek Parkway) | File:Hardy Toll Road.svg Hardy Toll Road | Includes frontage roads at-grade with interchange. | |
| File:Fort Bend Toll Road.svg Fort Bend Tollway | File:Sam Houston Tollway.svg Sam Houston Tollway | Includes frontage roads at-grade with interchange (signed as Hillcroft Avenue and Beltway 8, respectively, for the first and second routes). | |
| Fort Bend Parkway Toll Road | File:Texas 6.svg SH 6 | Includes frontage roads at-grade with interchange. | |
| Grand Parkway Toll Road | Fort Bend Westpark Tollway | Includes frontage roads at-grade with interchange (signed as SH 99 and F.M. 1093, respectively, for the first and second routes). A flyover ramp was added to allow southbound Grand Parkway traffic to join Westpark Tollway east. | |
| File:I-45.svg I-45 (North Freeway) | File:Texas FM 1960.svg FM 1960 | Includes frontage roads at-grade with interchanges. | |
| File:I-45.svg I-45 (North Freeway) | Greens Road | ||
| Memorial Drive | Houston Avenue | ||
| File:Sam Houston Tollway.svg Sam Houston Tollway | File:US 90.svg US 90 (Crosby Freeway) | Includes frontage roads at-grade with interchanges (signed as Beltway 8 for Sam Houston Tollway). | |
| File:Sam Houston Tollway.svg Sam Houston Tollway | File:Alternate plate.svg File:US 90.svg US 90 Alt. | ||
| File:Texas 249.svg SH 249 (Tomball Parkway) | File:Texas FM 1960.svg FM 1960 | Includes frontage roads at-grade with interchange. | |
| Lubbock, Texas, United States | File:US 62.svgFile:US 82.svg US 62 / US 82 | File:Texas Loop 289.svg Loop 289 | Includes frontage roads at-grade with interchanges. |
| File:US 84.svg US 84 | File:I-27.svgFile:US 87.svg I-27 / US 87 | ||
| File:Texas Loop 289.svg Loop 289 | File:I-27.svgFile:US 87.svg I-27 / US 87 | ||
| File:Texas Loop 289.svg Loop 289 | File:US 82.svgFile:Texas 114.svg US 82 / SH 114 | ||
| Mont Belvieu, Texas, United States | File:Toll Texas 99 new.svg SH 99 Toll (Grand Parkway) | File:I-10.svg I-10 | Includes frontage roads at-grade with interchange. |
| New Caney, Texas, United States | File:Toll Texas 99 new.svg SH 99 Toll (Grand Parkway) | File:I-69.svgFile:US 59.svg I-69 / US 59 | Includes frontage roads at-grade with interchange. Two flyover ramps, one from eastbound SH 99 to northbound I-69/US 59 and the other from northbound I-69/US 59 to westbound SH 99, are included with the interchange. |
| Pasadena, Texas, United States | File:Sam Houston Tollway.svg Sam Houston Tollway | File:Texas 225.svg SH 225 (Pasadena Freeway) | Includes frontage roads at-grade with interchange (signed as Beltway 8 for the first route). |
| Richardson, Texas, United States | File:US 75.svg US 75 (Central Expressway) | Spring Valley Road | Includes frontage roads at-grade with interchanges. |
| Round Rock, Texas, United States | File:US 79.svg US 79 | File:Toll Texas 130 new.svg SH 130 Toll (Pickle Parkway) | |
| Sherman, Texas, United States | File:US 75.svg US 75 | File:US 82.svg US 82 | |
| Spring, Texas, United States | File:Toll Texas 99 new.svg SH 99 Toll (Grand Parkway) | File:I-45.svg I-45 (North Freeway) | Includes frontage roads at-grade with interchange. Two flyover ramps, one from eastbound SH 99 to northbound I-45 and the other from southbound I-45 to westbound SH 99, are included with the interchange. |
| Sugar Land, Texas, United States | File:I-69.svgFile:US 59.svg I-69 / US 59 | File:Alternate plate.svg File:US 90.svg US 90 Alt. |
Includes frontage roads at-grade with interchange |
| Tomball, Texas, United States | File:Toll Texas 99 new.svg SH 99 Toll (Grand Parkway) | File:Tomball Tollway.svg Tomball Tollway | Includes frontage roads at-grade with interchange (signed as SH 249 for the second route). The southern half of the interchange has four flyover ramps: two from northbound Tomball Tollway to east and westbound SH 99 and the other two from SH 99 (west and eastbound) to Tomball Tollway southbound |
| Tyler, Texas, United States | File:Toll Texas 49 new.svg Loop 49 Toll | File:I-20.svg I-20 | Includes frontage roads at-grade with interchanges. |
| Waco, Texas, United States | File:Texas 6.svgFile:Texas Loop 340.svg SH 6 / Loop 340 | File:US 84.svg US 84 | |
| File:I-35.svg I-35 (Jack Kultgen Freeway) | File:Business plate.svg File:US 77.svg Bus. US 77 (New Dallas Highway) | ||
| File:US 84.svg US 84 (Waco Drive) | File:Business plate.svg File:US 77.svg Bus. US 77 | ||
| Alexandria, Virginia, United States | File:I-395.svg I-395 (Shirley Highway) | Seminary Road | I-395 exit 4 |
| Fairfax County, Virginia, United States | File:Virginia 286.svg SR 286 (Fairfax County Parkway) | File:US 29.svg US 29 | The south end of West Ox Road also meets this interchange. |
| Welch, West Virginia, United States | File:US 52.svg US 52 (King Coal Highway) | File:US 121.svg US 121 (Coalfields Expressway) | As of 2011, grading has been completed for interchange but interchange itself has not been constructed. |
| Wheeling, West Virginia, United States | File:I-470.svg I-470 | File:US 250.svgFile:WV-2.svg US 250 / WV 2 | Entire interchange is elevated above city streets. |
| Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, United States | File:I-41.svgFile:US 45 (WI).svg I-41 / US 45 | File:WIS 190.svg WIS 190 (Capitol Drive) | An access road for the adjacent Harley-Davidson plant is also part of the interchange. |
| Belmont, Queensland, Australia | File:AUS Alphanumeric Route M1.svg Gateway Motorway (M1) | File:Australian state route 22.svg Old Cleveland Road (State Route 22) | Two of the ramps are two-way for a short distance to allow access from the interchange to and from local streets. |
| Düsseldorf-Stockum, Germany | File:Bundesautobahn 44 number.svg Autobahn 44 | File:Bundesstraße 8 number.svg Bundesstraße 8 | At 51°16′16.9″N 6°45′1.8″E / 51.271361°N 6.750500°E; rare design in Germany |
| Minsk, Belarus | Praspiekt Dziaržynskaha | Praspiekt Žukava | At 53°52′59.7″N 27°30′19.2″E / 53.883250°N 27.505333°E |
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Many examples of this interchange type can also be found in Texas; however, the interchanges almost always include the frontage roads as well. If the traffic amounts increase, the interchange is usually converted into a stack interchange, also as the second level of the High Five Interchange.
References
- ↑ Indiana Department of Transportation, "Interchanges" (PDF). (203 KiB), pages 21 and 22
- ↑ Oglesby, Scott. "Volleyball Interchange". Kurumi's Field Guide to Interchanges. Retrieved 23 August 2013.[self-published source]
- ↑ "Interstate 17: Indian School Road Traffic Interchange Improvement Project". Arizona Department of Transportation. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
- ↑ "Interstate 10 and State Route 210 Study | Department of Transportation". azdot.gov. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
- ↑ "Road Project Gives Trucks Direct Access to MIA Cargo Area". AVIATIONPROS. 18 July 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
- ↑ "Montgomery County Precinct 2 Mobility Study - Recommendations". Experience.ArcGIS.com. The Woodlands: Houston-Galveston Area Council. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
- ↑ Thompson, Ben (6 April 2021). "Eastbound, Nontolled Flyover Road from I-45 to Eastbound Hwy. 242 Enters Preconstruction Phase". CommunityImpact.com. The Woodlands: Community Impact Newspaper. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
External links
- Aerial view of a three-level diamond interchange (Interstate 380 and Iowa Highway 100 in Cedar Rapids, Iowa). Highway 100 runs from left to right; Interstate 380 runs from top to bottom.