UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying

From The Right Wiki
Jump to navigationJump to search

UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying
Tournament details
Dates16 August 2006 – 24 November 2007
Teams50
Tournament statistics
Matches played306
Goals scored839 (2.74 per match)[note 1]
Top scorer(s)Northern Ireland David Healy (13 goals)
2004
2012

Qualifying for the UEFA Euro 2008 finals tournament took place between August 2006 and November 2007. Fifty teams were divided into seven groups. In a double round-robin system, each team played against each of the others in their group on a home-and-away basis. The winner and runner-up of each group qualified automatically for the final tournament. This was the first Euro qualification since expansion to have no playoff. Austria and Switzerland qualified automatically as co-hosts of the event.

Qualified teams

File:UEFA Euro 2008 Qualifiers Map.png
  Qualified
  Did not qualify
  Did not enter
  Not a UEFA member
Team Qualified as Qualified on Previous appearances in tournament[upper-alpha 1]
File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria Co-host 12 December 2002 0 (debut)
File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland 2 (1996, 2004)
File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany[upper-alpha 2] Group D runner-up 13 October 2007 9 (1972, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004)
File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece Group C winner 17 October 2007 2 (1980, 2004)
File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic[upper-alpha 3] Group D winner 17 October 2007 6 (1960, 1976, 1980, 1996, 2000, 2004)
File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania Group G winner 17 October 2007 3 (1984, 1996, 2000)
File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland Group A winner 17 November 2007 0 (debut)
File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy Group B winner 17 November 2007 6 (1968, 1980, 1988, 1996, 2000, 2004)
File:Flag of France (lighter variant).svg France Group B runner-up 17 November 2007 6 (1960, 1984, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004)
File:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia Group E winner 17 November 2007 2 (1996, 2004)
File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain Group F winner 17 November 2007 7 (1964, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1996, 2000, 2004)
File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands Group G runner-up 17 November 2007 7 (1976, 1980, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004)
File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal Group A runner-up 21 November 2007 4 (1984, 1996, 2000, 2004)
File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey Group C runner-up 21 November 2007 2 (1996, 2000)
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia[upper-alpha 4] Group E runner-up 21 November 2007 8 (1960, 1964, 1968, 1972, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2004)
File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden Group F runner-up 21 November 2007 3 (1992, 2000, 2004)
  1. Bold indicates champion for that year. Italic indicates host for that year.
  2. From 1972 to 1988, Germany competed as West Germany.
  3. From 1960 to 1980, the Czech Republic competed as Czechoslovakia.
  4. From 1960 to 1988, Russia competed as the Soviet Union, and in 1992 as CIS.

Seedings

UEFA used the 2005 UEFA national team coefficient to rank the teams according to their results in both UEFA Euro 2004 and 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification. Only the group matches counted towards the coefficients. As defending champions, Greece were automatically seeded in the top pool.[1][2] Since Portugal automatically qualified for UEFA Euro 2004 as hosts, the coefficient factored in only their 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification record. Similarly, Germany's coefficient factored only their UEFA Euro 2004 qualifying record, since they automatically qualified for the 2006 FIFA World Cup as hosts. Meanwhile, Kazakhstan never competed in the European Championships previously, so the coefficient used only their World Cup record.[3][4] Montenegro had not been admitted to UEFA/FIFA at the time the qualifying competition had started, and thus were ineligible.[5][6][7] The draw took place on 27 January 2006 in Montreux, Switzerland.[8] Austria (1,333) and Switzerland (1,833) were already assured of places at Euro 2008 as host nations.

Pot 1
Team Coeff Rank
File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece (title holders) 1,950 13
File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands 2,550 1
File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal 2,500 2
File:Flag of England.svg England 2,500 3
File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic 2,450 4
File:Flag of France (lighter variant).svg France 2,444 5
File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden 2,278 6
Pot 2
Team Coeff Rank
File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany 2,250 7
File:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia 2,222 8
File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy 2,222 9
File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey 2,100 10
File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland 2,056 11
File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain 2,056 12
File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania 1,950 14
Pot 3
Team Coeff Rank
File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1992–2003); Flag of Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006).svg Serbia and Montenegro 1,889 15
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia 1,850 16
File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark 1,850 17
File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway 1,778 18
File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria 1,778 19
File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine 1,750 20
File:Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia 1,650 21
Pot 4
Team Coeff Rank
File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina 1,611 22
File:Flag of Ireland.svg Republic of Ireland 1,556 23
File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium 1,556 24
File:Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia 1,550 25
File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel 1,500 26
File:Flag of Scotland.svg Scotland 1,500 27
File:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia 1,444 28
Pot 5
Team Coeff Rank
File:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary 1,389 29
File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland 1,300 30
File:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia 1,250 31
File:Flag of Wales (1959–present).svg Wales 1,167 32
File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania 1,111 33
File:Flag of Albania.svg Albania 0,944 34
File:Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland 0,850 35
Pot 6
Team Coeff Rank
File:Flag of Georgia.svg Georgia 0,850 36
File:Flag of North Macedonia.svg Macedonia 0,750 37
File:Flag of Belarus (1995–2012).svg Belarus 0,722 38
File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia 0,700 39
File:Ulster Banner.svg Northern Ireland 0,667 40
File:Flag of Cyprus (1960–2006).svg Cyprus 0,667 41
File:Flag of Moldova.svg Moldova 0,611 42
Pot 7
Team Coeff Rank
File:Flag of Liechtenstein.svg Liechtenstein 0,450 43
File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan 0,389 44
File:Flag of Andorra.svg Andorra 0,250 45
File:Flag of Malta.svg Malta 0,222 46
File:Flag of the Faroe Islands.svg Faroe Islands 0,111 47
File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan 0,083 48
File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg 0,000 49
File:Flag of San Marino (1862–2011).svg San Marino 0,000 50

Tiebreakers

If two or more teams were equal on points on completion of the group matches, the following criteria were applied to determine the rankings:[9]

  1. Higher number of points obtained in the group matches played among the teams in question
  2. Superior goal difference from the group matches played among the teams in question
  3. Higher number of goals scored in the group matches played among the teams in question
  4. Higher number of goals scored away from home in the group matches played among the teams in question
  5. If, after applying criteria 1) to 4) to several teams, two or more teams still had an equal ranking, the criteria 1) to 4) was reapplied to determine the ranking of these teams. If this procedure did not lead to a decision, criteria 6) and 7) applied;
  6. Results of all group matches: 1. Superior goal difference 2. Higher number of goals scored 3. Higher number of goals scored away from home 4. Fair play conduct
  7. Drawing of lots

Summary

  Group winners and runners-up qualified directly for UEFA Euro 2008
  Other teams were eliminated
Group A Group B Group C Group D Group E Group F Group G
File:Flag of Poland.svg
Poland
File:Flag of Portugal.svg
Portugal
File:Flag of Italy.svg
Italy
File:Flag of France (lighter variant).svg
France
File:Flag of Greece.svg
Greece
File:Flag of Turkey.svg
Turkey
File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg
Czech Republic
File:Flag of Germany.svg
Germany
File:Flag of Croatia.svg
Croatia
File:Flag of Russia.svg
Russia
File:Flag of Spain.svg
Spain
File:Flag of Sweden.svg
Sweden
File:Flag of Romania.svg
Romania
File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg
Netherlands
File:Flag of Serbia (2004–2010).svg
Serbia
File:Flag of Finland.svg
Finland
File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg
Belgium
File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg
Kazakhstan
File:Flag of Armenia.svg
Armenia
File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg
Azerbaijan
File:Flag of Scotland.svg
Scotland
File:Flag of Ukraine.svg
Ukraine
File:Flag of Lithuania.svg
Lithuania
File:Flag of Georgia.svg
Georgia
File:Flag of the Faroe Islands.svg
Faroe Islands
File:Flag of Norway.svg
Norway
File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg
Bosnia and Herzegovina
File:Flag of Moldova.svg
Moldova
File:Flag of Hungary.svg
Hungary
File:Flag of Malta.svg
Malta
File:Flag of Ireland.svg
Republic of Ireland
File:Flag of Slovakia.svg
Slovakia
File:Flag of Wales (1959–present).svg
Wales
File:Flag of Cyprus.svg
Cyprus
File:Flag of San Marino (1862–2011).svg
San Marino
File:Flag of England.svg
England
File:Flag of Israel.svg
Israel
File:Flag of North Macedonia.svg
Macedonia
File:Flag of Estonia.svg
Estonia
File:Flag of Andorra.svg
Andorra
File:Ulster Banner.svg
Northern Ireland
File:Flag of Denmark.svg
Denmark
File:Flag of Latvia.svg
Latvia
File:Flag of Iceland.svg
Iceland
File:Flag of Liechtenstein.svg
Liechtenstein
File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg
Bulgaria
File:Flag of Belarus (1995–2012).svg
Belarus
File:Flag of Albania.svg
Albania
File:Flag of Slovenia.svg
Slovenia
File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg
Luxembourg

Groups

The qualifying process started in August 2006. Austria and Switzerland were automatically granted places in the tournament finals as the host nations. The qualifying format had been changed from the previous tournament: the respective winners and runners-up from seven groups would automatically qualify for the finals, alongside the host nations. Therefore, there were no play-offs between the runners-up of the groups. Group A contained eight teams, while the other six groups each contained seven. As the official successor of the previous football association, Serbia inherited the position originally allotted to Serbia and Montenegro in Group A prior to the dissolution of the state union. Montenegro were granted UEFA membership after qualifying had started and thus were not able to participate in this European Championship.

Group A

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification Poland Portugal Serbia Finland Belgium Kazakhstan Armenia Azerbaijan
1 File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland 14 8 4 2 24 12 +12 28 Qualify for final tournament 2–1 1–1 1–3 2–0 3–1 1–0 5–0
2 File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal 14 7 6 1 24 10 +14 27 2–2 1–1 0–0 4–0 3–0 1–0 3–0
3 File:Flag of Serbia (2004–2010).svg Serbia 14 6 6 2 22 11 +11 24[lower-alpha 1] 2–2 1–1 0–0 1–0 1–0 3–0 1–0
4 File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland 14 6 6 2 13 7 +6 24[lower-alpha 1] 0–0 1–1 0–2 2–0 2–1 1–0 2–1
5 File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium 14 5 3 6 14 16 −2 18 0–1 1–2 3–2 0–0 0–0 3–0 3–0
6 File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan 14 2 4 8 11 21 −10 10 0–1 1–2 2–1 0–2 2–2 1–2 1–1
7 File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia 12 2 3 7 4 13 −9 9 1–0 1–1 0–0 0–0 0–1 0–1 Canc.[lower-alpha 2]
8 File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan 12 1 2 9 6 28 −22 5 1–3 0–2 1–6 1–0 0–1 1–1 Canc.[lower-alpha 2]
Source: UEFA
Notes:
  1. 1.0 1.1 Head-to-head points: Serbia 4, Finland 1.
  2. 2.0 2.1 The matches between Azerbaijan and Armenia were cancelled by UEFA with both associations receiving no points, as the two national associations failed to resolve political and security disagreements.[10][11]

Group B

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification Italy France Scotland Ukraine Lithuania Georgia (country) Faroe Islands
1 File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy 12 9 2 1 22 9 +13 29 Qualify for final tournament 0–0 2–0 2–0 1–1 2–0 3–1
2 File:Flag of France (lighter variant).svg France 12 8 2 2 25 5 +20 26 3–1 0–1 2–0 2–0 1–0 5–0
3 File:Flag of Scotland.svg Scotland 12 8 0 4 21 12 +9 24 1–2 1–0 3–1 3–1 2–1 6–0
4 File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine 12 5 2 5 18 16 +2 17 1–2 2–2 2–0 1–0 3–2 5–0
5 File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania 12 5 1 6 11 13 −2 16 0–2 0–1 1–2 2–0 1–0 2–1
6 File:Flag of Georgia.svg Georgia 12 3 1 8 16 19 −3 10 1–3 0–3 2–0 1–1 0–2 3–1
7 File:Flag of the Faroe Islands.svg Faroe Islands 12 0 0 12 4 43 −39 0 1–2 0–6 0–2 0–2 0–1 0–6
Source: UEFA

Group C

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification Greece Turkey Norway Bosnia and Herzegovina Moldova Hungary Malta
1 File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece 12 10 1 1 25 10 +15 31 Qualify for final tournament 1–4 1–0 3–2 2–1 2–0 5–0
2 File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey 12 7 3 2 25 11 +14 24 0–1 2–2 1–0 5–0 3–0 2–0
3 File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway 12 7 2 3 27 11 +16 23 2–2 1–2 1–2 2–0 4–0 4–0
4 File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina 12 4 1 7 16 22 −6 13 0–4 3–2 0–2 0–1 1–3 1–0
5 File:Flag of Moldova.svg Moldova 12 3 3 6 12 19 −7 12[lower-alpha 1] 0–1 1–1 0–1 2–2 3–0 1–1
6 File:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary 12 4 0 8 11 22 −11 12[lower-alpha 1] 1–2 0–1 1–4 1–0 2–0 2–0
7 File:Flag of Malta.svg Malta 12 1 2 9 10 31 −21 5 0–1 2–2 1–4 2–5 2–3 2–1
Source: UEFA
Notes:
  1. 1.0 1.1 Tied on head-to-head points (3). Head-to-head goal difference: Moldova +1, Hungary −1.

Group D

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification Czech Republic Germany Republic of Ireland Slovakia Wales Cyprus San Marino
1 File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic 12 9 2 1 27 5 +22 29 Qualify for final tournament 1–2 1–0 3–1 2–1 1–0 7–0
2 File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany 12 8 3 1 35 7 +28 27 0–3 1–0 2–1 0–0 4–0 6–0
3 File:Flag of Ireland.svg Republic of Ireland 12 4 5 3 17 14 +3 17 1–1 0–0 1–0 1–0 1–1 5–0
4 File:Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia 12 5 1 6 33 23 +10 16 0–3 1–4 2–2 2–5 6–1 7–0
5 File:Flag of Wales (1959–present).svg Wales 12 4 3 5 18 19 −1 15 0–0 0–2 2–2 1–5 3–1 3–0
6 File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus 12 4 2 6 17 24 −7 14 0–2 1–1 5–2 1–3 3–1 3–0
7 File:Flag of San Marino (1862–2011).svg San Marino 12 0 0 12 2 57 −55 0 0–3 0–13 1–2 0–5 1–2 0–1
Source: UEFA

Group E

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification Croatia Russia England Israel North Macedonia Estonia Andorra
1 File:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia 12 9 2 1 28 8 +20 29 Qualify for final tournament 0–0 2–0 1–0 2–1 2–0 7–0
2 File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia 12 7 3 2 18 7 +11 24 0–0 2–1 1–1 3–0 2–0 4–0
3 File:Flag of England.svg England 12 7 2 3 24 7 +17 23[lower-alpha 1] 2–3 3–0 3–0 0–0 3–0 5–0
4 File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel 12 7 2 3 20 12 +8 23[lower-alpha 1] 3–4 2–1 0–0 1–0 4–0 4–1
5 File:Flag of North Macedonia.svg Macedonia 12 4 2 6 12 12 0 14 2–0 0–2 0–1 1–2 1–1 3–0
6 File:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia 12 2 1 9 5 21 −16 7 0–1 0–2 0–3 0–1 0–1 2–1
7 File:Flag of Andorra.svg Andorra 12 0 0 12 2 42 −40 0 0–6 0–1 0–3 0–2 0–3 0–2
Source: UEFA
Notes:
  1. 1.0 1.1 Head-to-head points: England 4, Israel 1.

Group F

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification Spain Sweden Northern Ireland Denmark Latvia Iceland Liechtenstein
1 File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain 12 9 1 2 23 8 +15 28 Qualify for final tournament 3–0 1–0 2–1 2–0 1–0 4–0
2 File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden 12 8 2 2 23 9 +14 26 2–0 1–1 0–0 2–1 5–0 3–1
3 File:Ulster Banner.svg Northern Ireland 12 6 2 4 17 14 +3 20[lower-alpha 1] 3–2 2–1 2–1 1–0 0–3 3–1
4 File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark 12 6 2 4 21 11 +10 20[lower-alpha 1] 1–3 0–3[lower-alpha 2] 0–0 3–1 3–0 4–0
5 File:Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia 12 4 0 8 15 17 −2 12 0–2 0–1 1–0 0–2 4–0 4–1
6 File:Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland 12 2 2 8 10 27 −17 8 1–1 1–2 2–1 0–2 2–4 1–1
7 File:Flag of Liechtenstein.svg Liechtenstein 12 2 1 9 9 32 −23 7 0–2 0–3 1–4 0–4 1–0 3–0
Source: UEFA
Notes:
  1. 1.0 1.1 Head-to-head points: Northern Ireland 4, Denmark 1.
  2. The Denmark v Sweden match was abandoned in the 89th minute at 3–3 following a fan attack on the referee.[12][13][14][15] The match was awarded as a 3–0 forfeit win to Sweden by UEFA following a hearing on 8 June 2007.[16][17][18]

Group G

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification Romania Netherlands Bulgaria Belarus Albania Slovenia Luxembourg
1 File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania 12 9 2 1 26 7 +19 29 Qualify for final tournament 1–0 2–2 3–1 6–1 2–0 3–0
2 File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands 12 8 2 2 15 5 +10 26 0–0 2–0 3–0 2–1 2–0 1–0
3 File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria 12 7 4 1 18 7 +11 25 1–0 1–1 2–1 0–0 3–0 3–0
4 File:Flag of Belarus (1995–2012).svg Belarus 12 4 1 7 17 23 −6 13 1–3 2–1 0–2 2–2 4–2 0–1
5 File:Flag of Albania.svg Albania 12 2 5 5 12 18 −6 11[lower-alpha 1] 0–2 0–1 1–1 2–4 0–0 2–0
6 File:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia 12 3 2 7 9 16 −7 11[lower-alpha 1] 1–2 0–1 0–2 1–0 0–0 2–0
7 File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg 12 1 0 11 2 23 −21 3 0–2 0–1 0–1 1–2 0–3 0–3
Source: UEFA
Notes:
  1. 1.0 1.1 Tied on head-to-head results. Overall goal difference was used as the tiebreaker.

Goalscorers

There were 839 goals scored in 306 matches, for an average of 2.74 goals per match.[note 1]

13 goals

10 goals

9 goals

8 goals

7 goals

6 goals

5 goals

4 goals

3 goals

2 goals

1 goal

1 own goal

2 own goals

Notes

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 The goal tally takes into account the original result of fixtures that were subsequently forfeited, not the awarded scoreline.

References

  1. "CNN.com - Greece are top seeds for Euro 2008 - Oct 14, 2005". www.cnn.com. Retrieved 16 September 2024.
  2. "Greece top seeds for Euro draw". Times of Malta. 15 October 2005. Retrieved 16 September 2024.
  3. UEFA.com (27 January 2006). "EURO 2008™ draw procedure | UEFA EURO". UEFA.com. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
  4. UEFA.com (14 January 2006). "EURO 2008™ draw fast approaching | UEFA EURO". UEFA.com. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
  5. "Serbia to take spot in Euro 2008". BBC Sport. 23 May 2006. Archived from the original on 2 September 2006. Retrieved 11 April 2007.
  6. UEFA.com (26 January 2007). "Montenegro named UEFA member | Inside UEFA". UEFA.com. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  7. Frylan, Kevin (9 August 2007). "UEFA admits Montenegro". Reuters. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  8. Qualifying draw (UEFA).
  9. "Regulations of the UEFA European Football Championship 2006/08" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 August 2005. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
  10. "EXCO unveils World Cup programme". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 25 June 2007. Archived from the original on 29 June 2007. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  11. "UEFA cancel Armenia v Azerbaijan Euro qualifiers". Reuters. Thomson Reuters. 23 June 2007. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  12. "Denmark hearing tomorrow". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 8 June 2007. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
  13. "Denmark-Sweden game abandoned after fan attacks referee". Reuters. 9 August 2007. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  14. "Sweden awarded abandoned UEFA clash". Brisbane Times. 8 June 2007. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  15. "Soccer-UEFA to decide on Denmark-Sweden abandonment". Reuters. 9 August 2007. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  16. "Copenhagen contest goes to Sweden". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 8 June 2007. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
  17. "UEFA awards Sweden 3-0 win over Denmark". Reuters. 9 August 2007. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  18. "Sweden awarded abandoned UEFA clash". Brisbane Times. 8 June 2007. Retrieved 20 November 2023.

External links