List of United Nations peacekeeping missions
This is a list of United Nations peacekeeping missions since the United Nations was founded in 1945, organized by region, with the dates of deployment, the name of the related conflict, and the name of the UN operation. Peacekeeping, as defined by the United Nations, is a way to help countries torn by conflict create conditions for sustainable peace. UN peacekeepers—soldiers and military officers, police officers and civilian personnel from many countries—monitor and observe peace processes that emerge in post-conflict situations and assist ex-combatants in implementing the peace agreements they have signed. Such assistance comes in many forms, including confidence-building measures, power-sharing arrangements, electoral support, strengthening the rule of law, and economic and social development. The Charter of the United Nations gives the Security Council the power and responsibility to take collective action to maintain international peace and security. For this reason, the international community usually looks to the Security Council to authorize peacekeeping operations. Most of these operations are established and implemented by the United Nations itself with troops serving under UN operational command. In other cases, where direct UN involvement is not considered appropriate or feasible, the Council authorises regional organisations such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, the Economic Community of West African States or coalitions of willing countries to implement certain peacekeeping or peace enforcement functions. In modern times, peacekeeping operations have evolved into many different functions, including diplomatic relations with other countries, international bodies of justice (such as the International Criminal Court), and eliminating problems such as landmines that can lead to new incidents of fighting.
Current missions (11)
Africa
| Dates of operation | Name of operation | Location | Conflict | Website |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) | File:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco | Western Sahara conflict | [1] |
| File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg Sahrawi Republic | ||||
| 2010 | United Nations Organisation Stabilisation Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) | File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Democratic Republic of the Congo | Kivu conflict | [2] |
| 2011 | United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) | File:Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan | Abyei conflict | [3] |
| 2011 | United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan (UNMISS) | File:Flag of South Sudan.svg South Sudan | Ethnic violence in South Sudan South Sudanese Civil War |
[4] |
| 2014 | United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilisation Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) | File:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg Central African Republic | Central African Republic Civil War | [5] |
Asia
| Dates of operation | Name of operation | Location | Conflict | Website |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1949 | United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) | File:Flag of India.svg India | Kashmir conflict | [6] |
| File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan |
Europe
| Dates of operation | Name of operation | Location | Conflict | Website |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1964 | United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) | File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus | Cyprus dispute | [7] |
| File:Flag of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.svg Northern Cyprus | ||||
| 1999 | United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) | File:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia | Kosovo War | [8] |
| File:Flag of Kosovo.svg Kosovo |
West Asia
| Dates of operation | Name of operation | Location | Conflict | Website |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1948 | United Nations Truce Supervision Organisation (UNTSO) | Middle East | (Monitors the various ceasefires and assists UNDOF and UNIFIL) | [9] |
| 1974 | United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) | File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel | Agreed withdrawal by Syrian and Israeli forces following the Yom Kippur War. | [10] |
| File:Flag of Syria.svg Syria | ||||
| File:Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon | ||||
| 1978 | United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) | File:Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon | Israeli invasion of Lebanon and 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict | [11] |
1. ^ The United Nations and all foreign governments but Turkey recognise the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus, whose flag is shown first, over the whole island of Cyprus. The second flag is that of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, a de facto state, by virtue of controlling the northern third of the island, which is recognised only by Turkey. 2. ^ The first flag is the flag of Serbia, used by Republic of Serbia which claims sovereignty over Kosovo. The second is the flag of the Republic of Kosovo which is in de facto control over the territory. As of 4 September 2020, it is recognised by 99 UN member countries. For more information see Kosovo.
Completed missions (61)
Africa
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Americas
1. ^ Shown are the flags of the five countries in which ONUCA operated. They are in this order (sorted alphabetically): Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua.
Asia-Oceania
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1. ^ Shown are the flags of the newly independent East Timor and its former occupier, Indonesia (in that order).
Europe
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1. ^ This mission operated within former Yugoslav successor states of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro). The flags are shown in this order. 2. ^ Prevlaka Peninsula was claimed by both Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) and the flags are shown in this order. Upon resolution, all parties accepted Croatia's claim to the territory.
West Asia
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See also
- List of non-UN peacekeeping missions
- Peacekeeping
- Timeline of UN peacekeeping missions
- Human Rights in United Nations missions
Notes
References
- ↑ "Analysis: What's next for Mali after MINUSMA withdrawal?". Al Jazeera. 3 July 2023. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- See individual mission websites with their listing.
