List of index fossils

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File:Index fossils.gif
Examples of index fossils[1]

Index fossils (also known as guide fossils or indicator fossils) are fossils used to define and identify geologic periods (or faunal stages). Index fossils must have a short vertical range, wide geographic distribution and rapid evolutionary trends. Another term, "zone fossil", is used when the fossil has all the characters stated above except wide geographical distribution; thus, they correlate the surrounding rock to a biozone rather than a specific time period.

Fossil Scientific Name Geological time interval Million Years Ago
File:Calico scallop 02.jpg
Calico scallop

Argopecten gibbus
Quaternary 1.8 million years ago
Neptunea tabulata Quaternary 1.8 million years ago
File:Viviparus glacialis - Rosmalen - Late Tiglian.jpg Viviparus glacialis Tiglian (Early Pleistocene) 0.5 million years ago
Calyptraphorus velatus Tertiary
Venericardia planicosta Eocene
File:SmallScaphites.jpg
Scaphites
Scaphites hippocrepis Cretaceous 145 to 66 million years ago
File:InoceramusCretaceousSouthDakota.jpg
Inoceramus
Inoceramus labiatus Cretaceous
File:Ammonit - Wüstenhaus.jpg
Perisphinctes
Perisphinctes tiziani Jurassic 201.3 to 145 million years ago
Nerinea trinodosa Jurassic
Tropites subbullatus Triassic
File:Monotis fossil shells - Kiritehere beach.jpg Monotis subcircularis Triassic
File:Leptodus100711.jpg
Leptodus
Leptodus americanus Permian
Parafusulina Parafusulina bosei Permian
Dictyoclostus americanus Pennsylvanian
Lophophyllidium proliferum Pennsylvanian
Cactocrinus multibrachiatus Mississippian
Prolecanites gurleyi Mississippian
File:Mucrospirifer mucronatus Silica Shale.JPG
Mucrospirifer
Mucrospirifer mucronatus Devonian 416 to 359 million years ago
Palmatolepis unicornis Devonian
Tetragraptus fructicosus Ordovician
File:BLW Trilobite (Paradoxides sp.).jpg Paradoxides Cambrian 509 to 500 million years ago
Billingsella corrugata Cambrian
File:Archeocyathids.JPG Archaocyathids Cambrian 529 to 509 million years ago

See also

References

  1. Index Fossils, from the US Geological Survey. Updated July 31, 1997.

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