View source for List of endemic birds of the Galápagos Islands

{{Short description|none}}
[[File:Galapagos Islands topographic map-en.svg|thumb|Map of the Galápagos Islands, showing the archipelago's topography]]
==Endemism and threats==
The islands are home to several endemic genera.
==Endemic Bird Area==
[[Birdlife International]] defines [[Endemic Bird Areas]] (EBAs) as places where the breeding ranges of two or more range-restricted species—those with breeding ranges of less than {{convert|50,000|km2|abbr=on}}—overlap. In order to qualify, the whole of the breeding range of at least two range-restricted species must fall entirely within the EBA.{{sfn|BirdLife International|2004}} The entire [[Galápagos Islands]] archipelago is considered to be an [[Endemic Bird Area]].{{sfn|BirdLife International|2021a}} Ten [[Important Bird Area]]s, which are areas which meet a specific set of internationally agreed criteria, fall within the EBA's boundaries.{{sfn|BirdLife International|2021a}}
== List of endemic species ==
{{IUCN statuses|ex=0|ew=0|cr=2|en=2|vu=9|nt=2|lc=11|dd=0|ne=0|suppress-others=y}}{{clear}}
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" |{{tooltip|2=Taxonomic order|Taxon.<br />order{{#tag:ref|This list uses the [[Taxonomy (biology)|taxonomy]] proposed by the [[International Ornithologists' Union]].{{sfn|Gill|Donsker|Rasmussen|2021}} Avian checklists and field guides typically list species in taxonomic order to show the [[evolution]]ary relationships between species; those which are more closely related are physically listed nearer each other.{{sfn|Cornell Lab of Ornithology|2015}} |group="nb"}}}}
! scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Picture
! scope="col" | Scientific name
! scope="col" | Distribution and habitat
! scope="col" | {{tooltip|2=IUCN status|IUCN<br />status{{#tag:ref|This column sorts by threat level, as outlined in the key above.|group="nb"}}}}
! scope="col" | Notes
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |1
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Galápagos dove]]
| [[File:Galapagos-dove.jpg|190px|alt=]]
| ''Zenaida galapagoensis''
|
| data-sort-value=6 | {{IUCN status|NT|22690758|1}}
|
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |2
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Galapagos crake|Galápagos crake]]
| [[File:Laterallus spilonota 339600312.jpg|190px|alt=]]
| ''Laterallus spilonota''
| Highlands of the main islands (except Floreana){{sfn|Fitter|Fitter|Hosking|2000|p=64}}
| data-sort-value=5 | {{IUCN status|VU|22692366|1}}
| Also known as Galápagos rail{{sfn|BirdLife International|2021b}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |3
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Lava gull]]
| [[File:Lava Gull RWD2.jpg|190px|alt=]]
| ''Leucophaeus fuliginosus''
|
| data-sort-value=5 | {{IUCN status|VU|22690758|1}}
|
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |4
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Galápagos penguin]]
| [[File:Galápagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus) male.jpg|190px|alt=]]
| ''Spheniscus mendiculus''
|
| data-sort-value=4 | {{IUCN status|EN|22690758|1}}
|
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |5
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Flightless cormorant]]
| [[File:Ecuador-250.jpg|190px|alt=Photo of a long-beaked black bird standing on a rocky shore and holding its stumpy wings outstretched]]
| ''Phalacrocorax harrisi''
| Coastal areas on Fernandina and northern and western Isabela{{sfn|Fitter|Fitter|Hosking|2000|p=36}}
| data-sort-value=5 | {{IUCN status|VU|22696756|1}}
|
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |6
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Lava heron]]
| [[File:Lava heron Galapagos.jpg|190px|alt=Photo of a gray and green bird with a black cap and long orange legs standing on rocks near a sandy beach]]
| ''Butorides sundevalli''
| Rocky shores and marine lagoons on islands throughout{{sfn|Fitter|Fitter|Hosking|2000|p=48}}
| data-sort-value=7 | {{IUCN status|LC|22728182|1}}
| Considered by some authorities (including [[BirdLife International]] and the [[American Ornithological Society]]) to be a subspecies of the [[striated heron]] {{sfn|Santander|Freile|Loor-Vela|2009|p=190}}{{sfn|Lepage|ref=Avibase}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |7
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Galápagos hawk]]
| [[File:Ecuador-253.jpg|190px|alt=Photo of a large, dark brown bird with a strongly hooked beak and yellow legs and feet, perched on a dead snag]]
| ''Buteo galapagoensis''
| All habitats throughout the islands, except on Genovesa, San Cristóbal, and Floreana{{sfn|Fitter|Fitter|Hosking|2000|p=60}}
| data-sort-value=5 | {{IUCN status|VU|22695909|1}}
|
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |8
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Large-billed flycatcher]]
| [[File:Galapagos flycatcher (33936548318).jpg|190px|alt=]]
| ''Myiarchus magnirostris''
|
| data-sort-value=7 | {{IUCN status|LC|22700442|1}}
|
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |9
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Galapagos mockingbird]]
| [[File:Galapagos mockingbird -Santa Cruz -Charles Darwin Research Centre.jpg|190px|alt=]]
| ''Mimus parvulus''
|
| data-sort-value=7 | {{IUCN status|LC|22711063|1}}
|
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |10
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Floreana mockingbird]]
|[[File:Mimus trifasciatus, Floreana, Galápagos 1.jpg|190px|alt=]]
| ''Mimus trifasciatus''
|
| data-sort-value=4 | {{IUCN status|EN|22711063|1}}
| Also known as Charles Island mockingbird
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |11
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Hood mockingbird]]
| [[File:Hood-mockingbird-rocks.jpg|190px]]
| ''Mimus macdonaldi''
|
| data-sort-value=5 | {{IUCN status|VU|22711070|1}}
| Also known as Española mockingbird
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |12
| style="text-align: center;" |[[San Cristóbal mockingbird]]
| [[File:San Cristobal Mockingbird.jpg|190px]]
| ''Mimus melanotis''
|
| data-sort-value=6 | {{IUCN status|NT|22711078|1}}
| Also known as Chatham mockingbird
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |13
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Large ground finch]]
| [[File:Large ground finch (4229035966).jpg|190px]]
| ''Geospiza magnirostris''
|
| data-sort-value=7 | {{IUCN status|LC|22723729|1}}
|
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |14
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Medium ground finch]]
| [[File:Geospiza fortis.jpg|190px]]
| ''Geospiza fortis''
|
| data-sort-value=7 | {{IUCN status|LC|22723734|1}}
|
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |15
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Small ground finch]]
| [[File:Geospiza fuliginosa -South Plaza Island, Galapagos Islands-8.jpg|190px]]
| ''Geospiza fuliginosa''
|
| data-sort-value=7 | {{IUCN status|LC|22723739|1}}
|
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |16
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Sharp-beaked ground finch]]
| [[File:Sharp-beaked Ground Finch (f) JCB.tif|190px]]
| ''Geospiza difficilis''
|
| data-sort-value=7 | {{IUCN status|LC|103815127|1}}
|
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |17
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Common cactus finch]]
| [[File:Cactus Finch (47938750208).jpg|190px]]
| ''Geospiza scandens''
|
| data-sort-value=7 | {{IUCN status|LC|22723752|1}}
|
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |18
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Española cactus finch]]
| [[File:Geospiza conirostris -Espanola Island, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador-8.jpg|190px]]
| ''Geospiza conirostris''
|
| data-sort-value=5 | {{IUCN status|VU|103815509|1}}
|
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |19
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Vegetarian finch]]
| [[File:Platyspiza crassirostris (8500652538).jpg|190px]]
| ''Geospiza crassirostris''
|
| data-sort-value=7 | {{IUCN status|LC|22723762|1}}
|
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |20
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Large tree finch]]
| [[File:Camarhynchus psittacula 339602671.jpg|190px]]
| ''Camarhynchus psittacula''
|
| data-sort-value=5 | {{IUCN status|VU|22723768|1}}
|
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |21
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Medium tree finch]]
| [[File:MTF male.jpg|190px]]
| ''Camarhynchus pauper''
|
| data-sort-value=3 | {{IUCN status|CR|22723773|1}}
|
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |22
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Small tree finch]]
| [[File:Camarhynchus parvulus.jpg|190px]]
| ''Camarhynchus parvulus''
|
| data-sort-value=7 | {{IUCN status|LC|22723778|1}}
|
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |23
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Woodpecker finch]]
| [[File:Camarhynchus pallidus - Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt - Darmstadt, Germany - DSC00111.jpg|190px]]
| ''Camarhynchus pallidus''
|
| data-sort-value=5 | {{IUCN status|VU|22723783|1}}
|
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |24
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Mangrove finch]]
| [[File:Camarhynchus heliobates 2.png|190px]]
| ''Camarhynchus heliobates''
|
| data-sort-value=3 | {{IUCN status|CR|22723786|1}}
|
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |25
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Green warbler-finch]]
| [[File:Certhidea olivacea 64237533.jpg|190px]]
| ''Certhidea olivacea''
|
| data-sort-value=5 | {{IUCN status|VU|103814223|1}}
| Sometimes considered conspecific with the [[grey warbler-finch]]{{sfn|BirdLife International|2017}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |26
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Grey warbler-finch]]
| [[File:Certhidea olivacea.jpg|190px]]
| ''Certhidea fusca''
|
| data-sort-value=7 | {{IUCN status|LC|103815085|1}}
|
|}
==Notes==
{{reflist|group=nb}}
==Citations==
{{reflist}}
===References===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |title=Most Endemic Bird Areas are in the tropics and important for other biodiversity too |year=2004 |url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/sowb/casestudy/most-endemic-bird-areas-are-in-the-tropics-and-important-for-other-biodiversity-too |website=birdlife.org |access-date=30 April 2021}}
* {{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |title=Green Warbler-finch: ''Certhidea olivacea'' |year=2017 |access-date=30 April 2021 |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/103814223/119095821#taxonomy}}
* {{cite web |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |title=Galápagos Islands |year=2021a |website=birdlife.org |access-date=30 April 2021 |url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/eba/factsheet/43}}
* {{cite web |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/Galapagos-Rail?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=2843&m=0 |title=Species factsheet: Galapagos Rail – ''Laterallus spilonota'' |year=2021b |access-date=16 April 2021}}
* {{cite web |title=What is taxonomic order and why is it used for the sequence of birds in my field guide? |author=Cornell Lab of Ornithology |website=All About Birds |date=16 November 2015 |url=https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/what-is-taxonomic-order-and-why-is-it-used-for-the-sequence-of-birds-in-my-field-guide/ |access-date=29 March 2021}}
* {{cite web |editor-last=Lepage |editor-first=Denis |title=Galapagos Heron: ''Butorides sundevalli'' |url=https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=7F14FB50AB9DC01D&sec=summary |publisher=Avibase — The World Bird Database |access-date=2 March 2021 |ref=Avibase}}
* {{cite book |last1=Fitter |first1=Julian |last2=Fitter |first2=Daniel |last3=Hosking |first3=David |name-list-style=amp |title=Wildlife of the Galápagos |year=2000 |publisher=Princeton Pocket Guides |location=Princeton, NJ |isbn=978-0-691-10295-5}}
* {{cite web |editor1-last=Gill |editor1-first=Frank |editor2-last=Donsker |editor2-first=David |editor3-last=Rasmussen |editor3-first=Pamela |name-list-style=amp |title=IOC World Bird List |year=2021 |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/bow/ |publisher=IOC |access-date=16 January 2021}}
* {{cite book |last1=Santander |first1=Tatiana |last2=Freile |first2=Juan F. |last3=Loor-Vela |first3=Sandra |name-list-style=amp |year=2009 |chapter=Ecuador |title=Important Bird Areas Americas - Priority sites for biodiversity conservation |editor1-last=Devenish |editor1-first=C. |editor2-first=D. F. |editor2-last=Díaz-Fernández |editor3-first=R. P. |editor3-last=Clay |editor4-first=I. |editor4-last=Davidson |editor5-first=I. |editor5-last=Yépez Zabala |isbn=978-9942-9959-0-2 |location=Quito |publisher=BirdLife International}}
{{refend}}
{{Endemism in birds}}
[[Category:Endemic birds of the Galápagos Islands|']]
[[Category:Lists of endemic birds by region|Galápagos Islands]]