List of endemic birds of the Galápagos Islands

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File:Galapagos Islands topographic map-en.svg
Map of the Galápagos Islands, showing the archipelago's topography

Endemism and threats

The islands are home to several endemic genera.

Endemic Bird Area

Birdlife International defines Endemic Bird Areas (EBAs) as places where the breeding ranges of two or more range-restricted species—those with breeding ranges of less than 50,000 km2 (19,000 sq mi)—overlap. In order to qualify, the whole of the breeding range of at least two range-restricted species must fall entirely within the EBA.[1] The entire Galápagos Islands archipelago is considered to be an Endemic Bird Area.[2] Ten Important Bird Areas, which are areas which meet a specific set of internationally agreed criteria, fall within the EBA's boundaries.[2]

List of endemic species

IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX Extinct (0 species)
 EW Extinct in the wild (0 species)
 CR Critically Endangered (2 species)
 EN Endangered (2 species)
 VU Vulnerable (9 species)
 NT Near threatened (2 species)
 LC Least concern (11 species)
Taxon.
order[nb 1] 		Common name Picture Scientific name Distribution and habitat IUCN
status[nb 2] 		Notes
1 Galápagos dove File:Galapagos-dove.jpg Zenaida galapagoensis NT IUCN
2 Galápagos crake File:Laterallus spilonota 339600312.jpg Laterallus spilonota Highlands of the main islands (except Floreana)[5] VU IUCN Also known as Galápagos rail[6]
3 Lava gull File:Lava Gull RWD2.jpg Leucophaeus fuliginosus VU IUCN
4 Galápagos penguin File:Galápagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus) male.jpg Spheniscus mendiculus EN IUCN
5 Flightless cormorant Photo of a long-beaked black bird standing on a rocky shore and holding its stumpy wings outstretched Phalacrocorax harrisi Coastal areas on Fernandina and northern and western Isabela[7] VU IUCN
6 Lava heron Photo of a gray and green bird with a black cap and long orange legs standing on rocks near a sandy beach Butorides sundevalli Rocky shores and marine lagoons on islands throughout[8] LC IUCN Considered by some authorities (including BirdLife International and the American Ornithological Society) to be a subspecies of the striated heron [9][10]
7 Galápagos hawk Photo of a large, dark brown bird with a strongly hooked beak and yellow legs and feet, perched on a dead snag Buteo galapagoensis All habitats throughout the islands, except on Genovesa, San Cristóbal, and Floreana[11] VU IUCN
8 Large-billed flycatcher File:Galapagos flycatcher (33936548318).jpg Myiarchus magnirostris LC IUCN
9 Galapagos mockingbird File:Galapagos mockingbird -Santa Cruz -Charles Darwin Research Centre.jpg Mimus parvulus LC IUCN
10 Floreana mockingbird File:Mimus trifasciatus, Floreana, Galápagos 1.jpg Mimus trifasciatus EN IUCN Also known as Charles Island mockingbird
11 Hood mockingbird File:Hood-mockingbird-rocks.jpg Mimus macdonaldi VU IUCN Also known as Española mockingbird
12 San Cristóbal mockingbird File:San Cristobal Mockingbird.jpg Mimus melanotis NT IUCN Also known as Chatham mockingbird
13 Large ground finch File:Large ground finch (4229035966).jpg Geospiza magnirostris LC IUCN
14 Medium ground finch File:Geospiza fortis.jpg Geospiza fortis LC IUCN
15 Small ground finch File:Geospiza fuliginosa -South Plaza Island, Galapagos Islands-8.jpg Geospiza fuliginosa LC IUCN
16 Sharp-beaked ground finch File:Sharp-beaked Ground Finch (f) JCB.tif Geospiza difficilis LC IUCN
17 Common cactus finch File:Cactus Finch (47938750208).jpg Geospiza scandens LC IUCN
18 Española cactus finch File:Geospiza conirostris -Espanola Island, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador-8.jpg Geospiza conirostris VU IUCN
19 Vegetarian finch File:Platyspiza crassirostris (8500652538).jpg Geospiza crassirostris LC IUCN
20 Large tree finch File:Camarhynchus psittacula 339602671.jpg Camarhynchus psittacula VU IUCN
21 Medium tree finch File:MTF male.jpg Camarhynchus pauper CR IUCN
22 Small tree finch File:Camarhynchus parvulus.jpg Camarhynchus parvulus LC IUCN
23 Woodpecker finch File:Camarhynchus pallidus - Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt - Darmstadt, Germany - DSC00111.jpg Camarhynchus pallidus VU IUCN
24 Mangrove finch File:Camarhynchus heliobates 2.png Camarhynchus heliobates CR IUCN
25 Green warbler-finch File:Certhidea olivacea 64237533.jpg Certhidea olivacea VU IUCN Sometimes considered conspecific with the grey warbler-finch[12]
26 Grey warbler-finch File:Certhidea olivacea.jpg Certhidea fusca LC IUCN

Notes

  1. ↑ This list uses the taxonomy proposed by the International Ornithologists' Union.[3] Avian checklists and field guides typically list species in taxonomic order to show the evolutionary relationships between species; those which are more closely related are physically listed nearer each other.[4]
  2. ↑ This column sorts by threat level, as outlined in the key above.

Citations

  1. ↑ BirdLife International 2004.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 BirdLife International 2021a.
  3. ↑ Gill, Donsker & Rasmussen 2021.
  4. ↑ Cornell Lab of Ornithology 2015.
  5. ↑ Fitter, Fitter & Hosking 2000, p. 64.
  6. ↑ BirdLife International 2021b.
  7. ↑ Fitter, Fitter & Hosking 2000, p. 36.
  8. ↑ Fitter, Fitter & Hosking 2000, p. 48.
  9. ↑ Santander, Freile & Loor-Vela 2009, p. 190.
  10. ↑ Lepage.
  11. ↑ Fitter, Fitter & Hosking 2000, p. 60.
  12. ↑ BirdLife International 2017.

References

  • BirdLife International (2004). "Most Endemic Bird Areas are in the tropics and important for other biodiversity too". birdlife.org. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
  • BirdLife International (2017). "Green Warbler-finch: Certhidea olivacea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
  • BirdLife International (2021a). "Galápagos Islands". birdlife.org. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
  • BirdLife International (2021b). "Species factsheet: Galapagos Rail – Laterallus spilonota". Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  • Cornell Lab of Ornithology (16 November 2015). "What is taxonomic order and why is it used for the sequence of birds in my field guide?". All About Birds. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
  • Lepage, Denis (ed.). "Galapagos Heron: Butorides sundevalli". Avibase — The World Bird Database. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
  • Fitter, Julian; Fitter, Daniel & Hosking, David (2000). Wildlife of the Galápagos. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Pocket Guides. ISBN 978-0-691-10295-5.
  • Gill, Frank; Donsker, David & Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (2021). "IOC World Bird List". IOC. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  • Santander, Tatiana; Freile, Juan F. & Loor-Vela, Sandra (2009). "Ecuador". In Devenish, C.; Díaz-Fernández, D. F.; Clay, R. P.; Davidson, I. & Yépez Zabala, I. (eds.). Important Bird Areas Americas - Priority sites for biodiversity conservation. Quito: BirdLife International. ISBN 978-9942-9959-0-2.
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