1937 Tour de France
| Route of the 1937 Tour de France followed clockwise, starting in Paris Route of the 1937 Tour de France followed clockwise, starting in Paris | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Race details | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Dates | 30 June – 25 July 1937 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stages | 20, including eight split stages | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distance | 4,415 km (2,743 mi) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Winning time | 138h 58' 31" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Results | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 1937 Tour de France was the 31st edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 30 June to 25 July. It consisted of 20 stages with a total length of 4,415 km (2,743 mi). Charles Holland and Bill Burl became the first British cyclists to ride the Tour. Burl lasted only two stages, but Holland rode well until he was eliminated on stage 14c after mechanical problems.[1] The British Empire was also represented by the only non-European in the Tour: Canadian Pierre Gachon, who never completed the first stage. The complete Belgian team (including 1936 and 1939 winner Sylvère Maes) withdraw from the race because of "French chauvinism". Complaints from the Belgian team included of French spectators throwing stones at the Belgian team, closing train crossings, and throwing pepper in the eyes, and being punished unreasonable strictly (adding extra time in the standing) while French riders were hardly punished at all while being helped. The race was won by French cyclist Roger Lapébie.
Innovations and changes
The Tours from 1903 to 1936 had all been organised by Henri Desgrange, but during the 1936 Tour de France he had to stop for health reasons, and Jacques Goddet took over. The Tour in 1937 was the first Tour where Goddet was in charge, and one of the first rules that he changed was to allow gear changes.[2][3] Each team had its own car with extra material to help with mechanical problems.[2]
Teams
The Italian team, that had been absent from the 1936 Tour de France, returned in 1937, after Benito Mussolini removed their boycott of the Tour, and selected new star Gino Bartali, who had won the 1936 and 1937 Giro d'Italia, as the Italian team leader.[1][4] The Italian team had 10 cyclists, just as the Belgian, German and French teams. There were also small teams of six cyclists: the Spanish, Dutch, Luxembourgian and Swiss teams. The last national team was the Great Britain-Canada team, consisting of two British cyclists and one Canadian.[5] The French team included Roger Lapébie. Lapébie had had a difficult relation with Desgrange. This had caused Lapébie to be out of the national team in 1935, and completely absent from the Tour in 1936. In 1937, Desgrange had retired, and Lapébie was back. In the month before the Tour started, Lapébie had undergone surgery for a lumbar hernia, and there were doubts about his form.[3] There were also 31 cyclists riding as individuals.[2] These individuals were responsible for their own food and accommodation.[3] The teams entering the race were:
- Belgium
- Italy
- Germany
- France
- Spain
- Netherlands
- Luxembourg
- Switzerland
- Great Britain/Canada
Route and stages
Stage 19b was an individual time trial, stages 5b, 11b and 18a were team time trials, although the victory was still given the cyclist who crossed the line first. At the start of the Tour, it was also the intention to run stages 12b, 13b, 14b and 17b as time trials,[6] but during the Tour the organisation changed the format. The highest point of elevation in the race was 2,556 m (8,386 ft) at the summit tunnel of the Col du Galibier mountain pass on stage 7.[7][8]
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Race overview
German Erich Bautz took the lead after the fourth stage, thanks to the bonification system that could give the winner of a stage some minutes bonification time.[1] In the seventh stage, Bartali took the stage victory, and with that the lead in the general classification. He was nine minutes ahead of Ward Vissers, and that could just be enough for the Tour victory.[1] On the eighth stage, Bartali could not avoid his teammate Jules Rossi who crashed right in front of him, and Bartali fell into a river.[3][4] He got up and was able to finish the stage. He lost 10 minutes and kept the lead, but in the next stage he lost more than twenty minutes, and in the twelfth stage he gave up.[1] In the ninth stage, Sylvère Maes took over the lead, closely followed by Mario Vicini and Roger Lapébie. At that point, the French team was already down to six cyclists. These six cyclists had a meeting, and decided that Lapébie would be the team leader, as the rest of the team was already to far behind to have any chance for the final victory.[3] Before the start of the fifteenth stage, Lapébie found out that the frame of his bicycle had been sabotaged,[13] causing his handlebars to break off.[4] Lapébie made quick repairs and just made it to the start of the stage, but his newly constructed bicycle did not have a water holder, and he had to start the stage without water.[3] This demotivated him, and Lapébie began losing time early in the stage. That stage included four mountains, and on top of the second mountain Lapébie was already five minutes behind, and wanted to give up. A teammate inspired him to go on, and Lapébie started to win back time. When Maes punctured, Lapébie was able to reach him, and at the end of the stage only Julián Berrendero was in front of them, and Lapébie won the sprint for the second place.[14] This rewarded him with 45 seconds bonification time. When the tour directors gave him 90 seconds penalty time for having been pushed, the margin with Maes grew to more than three minutes, but Lapébie had sensed weakness in the Belgian team, and planned to attack in the next stage.[4] The Belgian team complained that the penalty was far too little, because Lapébie's advantage had been much more. The French team threatened to abandon the race if the penalty would be increased, and the Tour direction did not change the penalty.[3] In the sixteenth stage Lapébie finished ahead of Maes, and cut the margin down to only 25 seconds, but with only flat stage that could be enough for Maes.[1] During that sixteenth stage, Maes had punctured, and had been help by two Belgian cyclists, Gustaaf Deloor and Adolf Braeckeveldt.[15] However, these Belgian cyclists rode as "individuals", and were not part of the Belgian team. The Tour jury then fined Maes with 15 seconds penalty time in the general classification. During the race, a train crossing had been closed just after Lapébie had passed, and just before Maes was about to pass.[3] Maes was offended by all this, and quit the race, together with the rest of the Belgian team.[1] From that point on, it was easy for Lapébie to secure his victory.
Classification leadership and minor prizes
The time that each cyclist required to finish each stage was recorded, and these times were added together for the general classification. If a cyclist had received a time bonus, it was subtracted from this total; all time penalties were added to this total. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey. Leo Amberg became the first Swiss cyclist to reach the podium of the general classification in the Tour de France.[2] For the mountains classification, 17 mountains were selected by the Tour organisation. After the last mountain in the fifteenth stage, the classification was won by Félicien Vervaecke. Vervaecke did not finish the Tour, but in 1937 that was not needed to win the mountains classification. The team classification was calculated in 1937 by adding up the times of the best three cyclists of a team; the team with the least time was the winner. The time for the Spanish team, which finished with only two cyclists, was calculated by adding the time of the final rider in the general classification, plus one hour penalty time. The Belgian, Dutch, and British-Canadian teams did not finish with two or more cyclists, so they were not eligible for the team classification.
Final standings
General classification
| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | File:Flag of France.svg Roger Lapébie (FRA) | France | 138h 58' 31" |
| 2 | File:Flag of Italy (1861–1946).svg Mario Vicini (ITA) | Individual[lower-alpha 1] | + 7' 17" |
| 3 | File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg Leo Amberg (SUI) | Switzerland | + 26' 13" |
| 4 | File:Flag of Italy (1861–1946).svg Francesco Camusso (ITA) | Italy | + 26' 53" |
| 5 | File:Flag of France.svg Sylvain Marcaillou (FRA) | France | + 35' 36" |
| 6 | File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Edouard Vissers (BEL) | Individual | + 38' 13" |
| 7 | File:Flag of France.svg Paul Chocque (FRA) | France | + 1h 05' 19" |
| 8 | File:Flag of France.svg Pierre Gallien (FRA) | Individual | + 1h 06' 33" |
| 9 | File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg Erich Bautz (GER) | Germany | + 1h 06' 41" |
| 10 | File:Flag of France.svg Jean Frechaut (FRA) | Individual | + 1h 24' 34" |
Mountains classification
| Stage | Rider | Height | Mountain range | Winner |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | Ballon d'Alsace | 1,178 metres (3,865 ft) | Vosges | Erich Bautz |
| 6 | Aravis | 1,498 metres (4,915 ft) | Alps | Gino Bartali |
| 6 | Tamié | 920 metres (3,020 ft) | Alps | Félicien Vervaecke |
| 7 | Galibier | 2,556 metres (8,386 ft) | Alps | Gino Bartali |
| 8 | Laffrey | 900 metres (3,000 ft) | Alps | Gino Bartali |
| 9 | Izoard | 2,361 metres (7,746 ft) | Alps | Julián Berrendero |
| 9 | Vars | 2,110 metres (6,920 ft) | Alps | Edward Vissers |
| 9 | Allos | 2,250 metres (7,380 ft) | Alps | Mario Vicini |
| 10 | Braus | 1,002 metres (3,287 ft) | Alps-Maritimes | Félicien Vervaecke |
| 10 | La Turbie | 555 metres (1,821 ft) | Alps-Maritimes | Henri Puppo |
| 14b | Puymorens | 1,920 metres (6,300 ft) | Pyrenees | Julián Berrendero |
| 14c | Port | 1,249 metres (4,098 ft) | Pyrenees | Julián Berrendero |
| 14c | Portet d'Aspet | 1,069 metres (3,507 ft) | Pyrenees | Julián Berrendero |
| 15 | Peyresourde | 1,569 metres (5,148 ft) | Pyrenees | Julián Berrendero |
| 15 | Aspin | 1,489 metres (4,885 ft) | Pyrenees | Julián Berrendero |
| 15 | Tourmalet | 2,115 metres (6,939 ft) | Pyrenees | Julián Berrendero |
| 15 | Aubisque | 1,709 metres (5,607 ft) | Pyrenees | Mario Vicini |
| Rank | Rider | Team | Points |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Félicien Vervaecke (BEL) | Belgium | 114 |
| 2 | File:Flag of Italy (1861–1946).svg Mario Vicini (ITA) | Individual[lower-alpha 1] | 96 |
| 3 | File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Sylvère Maes (BEL) | Belgium | 90 |
| 4 | File:Bandera del bando nacional 1936-1938.svg Julián Berrendero (ESP) | Spain | 75 |
| 5 | File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Ward Vissers (BEL) | Individual | 66 |
| 6 | File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Jules Lowie (BEL) | Belgium | 57 |
| 7 | File:Flag of Italy (1861–1946).svg Gino Bartali (ITA) | Italy | 50 |
| 7 | File:Flag of France.svg Pierre Gallien (FRA) | Touriste-routier | 50 |
| 9 | File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Marcel Kint (BEL) | Belgium | 29 |
| 10 | File:Bandera del bando nacional 1936-1938.svg Fédérico Ezquerra (ESP) | Spain | 27 |
Team classification
| Rank | Team | Time |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | France | 418h 36' 28" |
| 2 | Italy | + 2h 54' 18" |
| 3 | Germany | + 3h 12' 22" |
| 4 | Switzerland | + 3h 57' 35" |
| 5 | Spain | + 10h 04' 07" |
| 6 | Luxembourg | + 10h 42' 01" |
Aftermath
The riders in the individual category had performed very well in the 1937 Tour de France; the second-placed cyclist in the general classification had started in the individuals category, as were in total twelve cyclists in the top twenty.[3] Still, the category was removed after 1937.
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Vicini had started as an individual, but was added to the Italian team after stage 18a.
- ↑ The icons shown here indicate whether the stage was run as a time trial, the stage was flat or the stage included mountains for the mountains classification.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Braeckeveldt and Wengler were both declared winner of stage 17b, and split the bonification time.
- ↑ No jersey was awarded to the leader of the mountains classification until a white jersey with red polka dots was introduced in 1975.[17]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Tom James (15 August 2003). "1937: Lapébie wins after the Belgians withdraw". Retrieved 5 October 2009.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 "31ème Tour de France 1937" (in français). Mémoire du cyclisme. Archived from the original on 20 July 2009. Retrieved 5 October 2009.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 McGann & McGann 2006, pp. 132–139.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Barry Boyce (2004). "1937- Tour Provides Great Racing Drama". Top 25 All Time Tours. Retrieved 14 January 2010.
- ↑ "The history of the Tour de France – Year 1937 – The starters". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
- ↑ "La grande aventure commence... En selle pour 4.410 kilometres!". Le Petit Parisien (in français). Gallica. 30 June 1937. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ↑ Augendre 2016, pp. 177–178.
- ↑ "De Ronde van Frankrijk" [The Tour de France]. De Gooi- en Eemlander (in Nederlands). 7 July 1937. p. 10 – via Delpher.
- ↑ Augendre 2016, p. 35.
- ↑ Arian Zwegers. "Tour de France GC top ten". CVCC. Archived from the original on 16 May 2008. Retrieved 20 April 2009.
- ↑ "The history of the Tour de France – Year 1937 – The stage winners". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
- ↑ Augendre 2016, p. 108.
- ↑ "The Tour - Year 1937". Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original on 16 July 2009. Retrieved 14 January 2010.
- ↑ "31ème Tour de France 1937 - 15ème étape" (in français). Mémoire du cyclisme. Archived from the original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
- ↑ "31ème Tour de France 1937 - 16ème étape" (in français). Mémoire du cyclisme. Archived from the original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
- ↑ van den Akker, Pieter. "Informatie over de Tour de France van 1937" [Information about the Tour de France from 1937]. TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl (in Nederlands). Archived from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
- ↑ Nauright & Parrish 2012, p. 454.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 "The history of the Tour de France – Year 1937 – Stage 20 Caen > Paris". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
- ↑ Augendre 2016, pp. 175–192.
- ↑ Michiel van Lonkhuyzen. "Tour-giro-vuelta". Retrieved 14 January 2010.
- ↑ "Le tableau d'honneur des grimpeurs du Tour" (in français). L'Auto No 13363. 21 July 1937. p. 3.
- ↑ "Roger Lapebie y Francia inscriben sus nombres en el palmarés" (PDF). Mundo Deportivo (in español). 26 July 1937. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 March 2019.
Bibliography
- Augendre, Jacques (2016). Guide historique [Historical guide] (PDF) (in français). Paris: Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - McGann, Bill; McGann, Carol (2006). The Story of the Tour de France: 1903–1964. Vol. 1. Indianapolis: Dog Ear Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59858-180-5.
- Nauright, John; Parrish, Charles (2012). Sports Around the World: History, Culture, and Practice. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-300-2.
Further reading
- Bacon, Ellis (2014). Mapping Le Tour. Glasgow: HarperCollins Publishers. pp. 84–85. ISBN 9780007543991. OCLC 872700415.
External links
File:Commons-logo.svg Media related to 1937 Tour de France at Wikimedia Commons
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