1982 in spaceflight
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{{Wikipedia:WikiProject Timeline of spaceflight/Cleanup|incomplete=yes|refs=yes|EOM=yes|q=yes}}
National firsts | |
---|---|
Space traveller | File:Flag of France.svg France |
Rockets | |
Maiden flights | Long March 2C Soyuz-U2 Titan 34D |
Retirements | N-I Titan IIIC Titan IIID |
Crewed flights | |
Orbital | 6 |
Total travellers | 16 |
The following is an outline of 1982 in spaceflight.
Launches
File:Information icon4.svg |
Date and time (UTC) | Rocket | Flight number | Launch site | LSP | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Payload | Operator | Orbit | Function | Decay (UTC) | Outcome | ||
Remarks | |||||||
January | |||||||
7 January 15:38[1] |
Soviet Union Kosmos-3M | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 132/2[1] | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1331 (Strela-2M #26) | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |||
12 January 12:30 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 41/1 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1332 (Zenit-4MT/Orion #22) | GRU | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 25 January | Successful | ||
14 January 07:51[1] |
Soviet Union Kosmos-3M | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 132/2[1] | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1333 (Parus #30) | Low Earth | Communications Navigation |
In orbit | Successful | |||
16 January[2] 01:54[3] |
United States Delta 3910/PAM-D | D-159 | United States Cape Canaveral LC-17A | United States | |||
United States Satcom 4[2] | RCA Americom | Geostationary[2] | Communications[4] | In orbit | Successful[2] | ||
20 January 11:30 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 16/2 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1334 (Zenit-6U/Argon #52) | GRU | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 3 February | Successful | ||
21 January 19:30 |
United StatesTitan III(24)B | United StatesVandenberg SLC-4W | United States | ||||
United StatesOPS 2849 (KH-8 52) | NRO | Sun-synchronous | Reconnaissance | 23 May | Successful | ||
29 January 11:00[1] |
Soviet Union Kosmos-3M | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 132/2[1] | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1335 (Taifun-2 #10) | Low Earth | Radar calibration | 5 April 1987 | Successful | |||
30 January 11:30 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 31/6 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1336 (Yantar-2K/Feniks #24) | GRU | Reconnaissance | 26 February | Successful | |||
February | |||||||
5 February 09:12 |
Soviet Union Proton-K/Blok DM | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 200/40 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Ekran 8 (Ekran 22L) | Geostationary | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |||
11 February 01:11[1] |
Soviet UnionTsyklon-2 | Soviet UnionBaikonur Site 90 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet UnionKosmos 1337 (US-P #13) | Low Earth | ELINT ocean surveillance | 25 July | Spacecraft failure | |||
Satellite propulsion or avionics system failed | |||||||
16 February 11:10 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 41/1 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1338 (Zenit-6U/Argon #53) | GRU | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 2 March | Successful | ||
17 February 21:56[1] |
Soviet Union Kosmos-3M | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 132/2[1] | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1339 (Tsikada #9) | Low Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Successful | |||
19 February 01:42 |
Soviet Union Vostok-2M | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 16/2 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1340 (Tselina-D #33) | Low Earth | ELINT | In orbit | Successful | |||
26 February 00:04:44[1][5] |
United StatesDelta 3910/PAM-D | D-160 | United StatesCape Canaveral LC-17A | United States | |||
United States Westar 4[5] | Western Union | Geostationary[5] | Communications[6] | In orbit | Successful[5] | ||
26 February 20:10 |
Soviet Union Molniya-M/Blok ML | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 41/1 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Molniya-1K 53 (Molniya-1K 58L) | Molniya orbit | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |||
March | |||||||
3 March 05:44 |
Soviet Union Molniya-M/Blok 2BL | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 16/2 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1341 (US-K #24) | Molniya | Missile early warning | In orbit | Successful | |||
4 March | Soviet Union Kosmos-3M | Soviet Union Kapustin Yar Site 107/1[1] | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Taifun-2 #11 | Intended: Low Earth | Radar calibration | 4 March | Launch failure | |||
5 March 00:23[7] |
United StatesAtlas SLV-3D Centaur-D1AR | AC-58 | United StatesCape Canaveral LC-36A | United States | |||
United NationsIntelsat VD F-4 | Intelsat[7] | Geosynchronous[7] | Communications[8] | In orbit | Successful[7] | ||
5 March 10:50 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 41/1 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1342 (Zenit-6U/Argon #54) | GRU | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 19 March | Successful | ||
6 March 19:25[9] |
United StatesTitan III(23)C[9] | United StatesCape Canaveral LC-40 | United States | ||||
United StatesOPS 8701 (DSP-10) | US Air Force | Geosynchronous[10] | Early warning[9][11] | In orbit | Successful[9] | ||
Final flight of Titan IIIC | |||||||
15 March 04:39 |
Soviet Union Proton-K/Blok DM | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 200/39 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Gorizont 5 (Gorizont 14L) | Geostationary | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |||
17 March 10:30 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 41/1 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1343 (Zenit-6U/Argon #55) | GRU | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 31 March | Successful | ||
22 March 16:00[12] |
United StatesSpace Shuttle Columbia[12] | United StatesKennedy LC-39A | United StatesUnited Space Alliance | ||||
United StatesSTS-3 | NASA | Low Earth[13] | Development test flight[14] | 30 March 16:05[15] |
Successful[15] | ||
United StatesDevelopment Flight Instrumentation | NASA | Low Earth (Columbia) | Monitor orbiter performance | Successful | |||
United StatesOSTA-1 | NASA | Low Earth (Columbia) | Remote sensing | Successful | |||
Crewed orbital flight with two astronauts Only Shuttle flight to land at White Sands Space Harbor Shuttle Imaging Radar-A (SIR-1) | |||||||
24 March 00:12 |
Soviet Union Molniya-M/Blok ML | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 41/1 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Molniya-3 18 (Molniya-3 29L) | Molniya | Communications | 23 June 1992 | Successful | |||
24 March 19:47[1] |
Soviet Union Kosmos-3M | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 132/1[1] | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1344 (Parus #31) | Low Earth | Communications Navigation |
In orbit | Successful | |||
25 March 09:50[1] |
Soviet UnionTsyklon-3 | Soviet UnionPlesetsk Site 32/1[1] | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet UnionMeteor-2 No.8 | Low Earth | Weather | In orbit | Successful | |||
31 March 09:00[1] |
Soviet Union Kosmos-3M | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 132/2[1] | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1345 (Tselina-O #41) | Low Earth | ELINT | 27 September 1989 | Successful | |||
31 March 16:27 |
Soviet Union Vostok-2M | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 16/2 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1346 (Tselina-D #34) | Low Earth | ELINT | 17 December 2017 | Successful | |||
April | |||||||
2 April 10:15 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 31/6 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1347 (Yantar-4K2/Kobalt #2) | GRU | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 21 May | Successful | ||
7 April 13:41 |
Soviet Union Molniya-M/Blok 2BL | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 16/2 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1348 (US-K #25) | Molniya | Early warning | In orbit | Successful | |||
8 April 00:15[1] |
Soviet Union Kosmos-3M | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 132/2[1] | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1349 (Parus #32) | Low Earth | Communication Navigation |
In orbit | Successful | |||
10 April 06:47[1] |
United States Delta 3910[17]/PAM-D | D-161 | United States Cape Canaveral LC-17A | United States | |||
India INSAT-1A[17] | ISRO | Geostationary[18] | Communications[18] | In orbit | Spacecraft failure[16] | ||
Attitude control system malfunction, ceased operations in September 1982[16] | |||||||
15 April 14:30 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 41/1 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1350 (Yantar-2K/Feniks #25) | GRU | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 16 May | Successful | ||
19 April[19] 19:45:00[1] |
Soviet Union Proton-K[20] | Soviet Union Baikonur[20] Site 200/40 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Salyut 7[19] (DOS-6) | Low Earth[19] | Space station[19] | 7 February 1991[20] | Successful[19] | |||
Soviet Union Iskra 2 (RK 02) | MAI | Low Earth | Amateur radio | 9 July | |||
Final space station launched as part of the Salyut programme. Iskra 2 was launched inside Salyut 7 and deployed on 17 May through an airlock | |||||||
21 April 01:40[1] |
Soviet Union Kosmos-3M | Soviet Union Kapustin Yar Site 107/1 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1351 (Taifun-2 #12) | Low Earth | Radar calibration | 14 March 1983 | Successful | |||
21 April 09:15 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 31/6 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1352 (Zenit-6U/Argon #56) | GRU | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 5 May | Successful | ||
23 April 09:40 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Pleetsk Site 41/1 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1353 (Zenit-4MKT/Fram #20) | GRU | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 6 May | Successful | ||
28 April 02:52[1] |
Soviet Union Kosmos-3M | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 132/1[1] | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet UnionKosmos 1354 (Strela-2M #27) | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |||
29 April 09:55[1] |
Soviet Union Tsyklon-2 | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 90/20 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1355 (US-P #14) | Low Earth | ELINT ocean surveillance | 7 March 1984 | Successful | |||
May | |||||||
5 May 08:01[1] |
Soviet Union Vostok-2M | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 16/2[1] | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1356 (Tselina-D No.35) | Low Earth | Communication Navigation |
8 July 2023[21] | Successful | |||
6 May 18:07[1] |
Soviet Union Kosmos-3M | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 132/2 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1357 (Strela-1M #233) | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1358 (Strela-1M #234) | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1359 (Strela-1M #235) | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1360 (Strela-1M #236) | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1361 (Strela-1M #237) | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1362 (Strela-1M #238) | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1363 (Strela-1M #239) | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1364 (Strela-1M #240) | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |||
11 May 18:35 |
United States Titan III(23)D | United StatesVandenberg SLC-4E | United States | ||||
United StatesOPS 5642 (KH-9-17) | NRO | Sun-synchronous | Reconnaissance | 5 December | Successful | ||
United StatesOPS 6553 (SSF-D) | NRO | Sun-synchronous | ELINT | In orbit | Successful | ||
13 May 09:58 |
Soviet UnionSoyuz-U | Soviet UnionBaikonur Site 1/5 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet UnionSoyuz T-5 | Low Earth (Salyut 7) | Salyut 7 EO-1 | 27 August 15:04 |
Successful | |||
Crewed orbital flight with two cosmonauts, first mission to Salyut 7 | |||||||
14 May 19:39 |
Soviet Union Tsyklon-2 | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 90/20 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet UnionKosmos 1365 (US-A #20) | Low Earth | Radar ocean surveillance | 19 October | Successful | |||
15 May 14:20 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 41/1 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Zenit-6U/Argon #57 | GRU | Intended: Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 15 May | Failure | ||
17 May 23:50 |
Soviet Union Proton-K/Blok DM | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 200/39 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1366 (Potok #1, Geizer 11L) | Geostationary | Data relay | In orbit | Successful | |||
20 May 13:08 |
Soviet Union Molniya-M/Blok 2BL | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 41/1 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1367 (US-K #26) | Molniya | Early warning | In orbit | Successful | |||
21 May 12:40 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 31/6 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1368 (Zenit-6U/Argon #58) | GRU | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 3 June | Successful | ||
23 May 05:58 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 1/5 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet UnionProgress 13 | Low Earth (Salyut 7) | Logistics | 6 June 00:05 |
Successful | |||
25 May 09:00 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 43/3 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1369 (Resurs-F1 (17F41) #7) | Low Earth | Earth observation | 8 June | Successful | |||
28 May 09:10 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 31/6 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1370 (Yantar-1KFT/Kometa #2) | Low Earth | Cartography | 11 July | Successful | |||
28 May 22:02 |
Soviet Union Molniya-M/Blok ML | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 43/3 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Molniya-1K 54 (Molniya-1K 63L) | Molniya | Communications | 19 November 1992 | Success | |||
June | |||||||
1 June 04:37 |
Soviet Union Kosmos-3M | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 132/1 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1371 (Stela-2M #28) | LEO, inclination 74.0 degrees | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |||
1 June 13:58 |
Soviet Union Tsyklon-2 | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 90/20 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1372 (US-A #21) | LEO, inclination 65.1 degrees | Radar ocean surveillance | 9 September | Successful | |||
2 June 15:50 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 31/6 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1373 (Zenit-6U/Argon #59) | GRU | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 16 June | Successful | ||
3 June 21:30 |
Soviet UnionK65-RB5 | Soviet UnionKapustin Yar Site 107 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1374 (BOR-4 #2, s/n 404) | Fractional LEO, inclination 50.6 degrees | Re-entry test | 3 June | Successful | |||
6 June 17:10 |
Soviet UnionKosmos-3M | Soviet UnionPlesetsk Site 132/2 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1375 (DS-P1-M #16) | LEO, inclination 65.8 degrees | Anti-satellite weapon target | 18 June (destroyed) | Successful | |||
Target for Kosmos 1379 | |||||||
8 June 07:45 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 43/3 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1376 (Resurs-F1 (17F41) #8) | Low Earth | Earth observation | 22 June | Successful | |||
8 June 12:00 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 31/6 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1377 (Yantar-4K1/Oktan #4) | GRU | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 22 July | Successful | ||
9 June 00:24[22] |
United States Delta 3910/PAM-D | D-162 | United States Cape Canaveral LC-17A | United States | |||
United States Westar 5[22] | Western Union[22] | Geostationary[22] | Communications[22] | In orbit | Successful[22] | ||
10 June 17:37 |
Soviet Union Tsyklon-3 | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 32/1 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1378 (Tselina-D #36) | LEO, inclination 82.5 degrees | ELINT | In orbit | Successful | |||
12 June 09:00 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 31/6 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Zenit-6U/Argon #60 | GRU | Intended: Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 12 June | Failure | ||
18 June 11:04 |
Soviet UnionTsyklon-2 | Soviet UnionBaikonur LC 90 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet UnionKosmos 1379 (IS-A #13) | LEO, inclination 65.8 degrees | Anti-satellite weapon test | 18 June (self-destruct) | Successful | |||
Destroyed Kosmos 1375 | |||||||
18 June 11:58 |
Soviet UnionKosmos-3M | Soviet UnionPlesetsk LC132 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet UnionKosmos 1380 (Parus #33) | LEO, inclination 82.9 degrees | Communications, navigation | 27 June | Partial launch failure | |||
Second stage malfunction during first burn resulted in low transfer orbit apogee. Satellite was deployed in lower than planned orbit. | |||||||
18 June 13:00 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 31/6 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1381 (Zenit-6U/Argon #61) | GRU | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 1 July | Successful | ||
24 June 16:29 |
Soviet UnionSoyuz-U | Soviet UnionBaikonur Site 1/5 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet UnionSoyuz T-6 | Low Earth (Salyut 7) | Salyut 7 EP-1 | 2 July 14:20 |
Successful | |||
Crewed orbital flight with three cosmonauts including the first French space traveller | |||||||
25 June 02:28 |
Soviet Union Molniya-M/Blok 2BL | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 41/1 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1382 (US-K #27) | Molniya | Early warning | In orbit | Successful | |||
27 June 15:00 |
United StatesSpace Shuttle Columbia | United StatesKennedy LC-39A | United StatesUnited Space Alliance | ||||
United StatesSTS-4 | NASA | Low Earth | Developmental test flight | 4 July 16:09 |
Successful | ||
United StatesClassified | US Air Force | Successful | |||||
United StatesGetaway Special | Utah State | Low Earth (Columbia) | Successful | ||||
Crewed orbital flight with two astronauts, final developmental test flight | |||||||
29 June 21:45 |
Soviet Union Kosmos-3M | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 132/1 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1383 Kosmos 1383 (Nadezhda #1, COSPAS 1) | COSPAS-SARSAT | LEO, inclination 82.9 degrees | Navigation, search and rescue | In orbit | Successful | ||
30 June 15:00 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 41/1 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1384 (Yantar-2K/Feniks #26) | GRU | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 30 July | Successful | ||
July | |||||||
6 July 07:50 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 41/1 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1385 (Zenit-6U/Argon #62) | GRU | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 20 July | Successful | ||
7 July 09:47 |
Soviet Union Kosmos-3M | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 132/1 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1386 (Parus #34) | LEO, inclination 83.0 degrees | Navigation, communications | In orbit | Successful | |||
10 July 09:57 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 1/5 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Progress 14 | Low Earth (Salyut 7) | Logistics | 13 August 01:29 |
Successful | |||
13 July 08:00 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 43/3 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1387 (Zenit-4MKT/Fram #21) | GRU | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 26 July | Successful | ||
16 July 17:59 |
United States Delta 3920 | D-163 | United States Vandenberg SLC-2W | United States | |||
United States Landsat 4 | NASA/NOAA | SSO | Earth observation | In orbit | Successful | ||
21 July 06:31 |
Soviet UnionKosmos-3M | Soviet UnionPlesetsk LC132 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet UnionKosmos 1388 - 1395 (Strela-1M #241-#248) | LEO, inclination 74.0 degrees | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |||
21 July 09:40 |
Soviet Union Molniya-M/Blok ML | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 1/5 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Molniya-1K 55 (Molniya-1K 62L) | Molniya | Communications | 8 October 1992 | Successful | |||
22 July 22:11 |
Soviet Union Proton-K/Blok DM | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 200/40 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Ekran 23L | Intended: Geostationary | Communications | 22 July | Failure | |||
Hydraulic system of the first stage failed, automatic flight termination at T+45 seconds.[23] | |||||||
27 July 12:30 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Pleetsk Site 16/2 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1396 (Zenit-6U/Argon #63) | GRU | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 10 August | Successful | ||
29 July 19:40 |
Soviet Union Kosmos-3M | Soviet Union Kapustin Yar Site 107/1 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1397 (Taifun-2 #13) / 22 Romb subsatellites | LEO, inclination 50.6 degrees | Radar calibration | 18 May 1983 | Successful | |||
August | |||||||
3 August 11:30 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 43/3 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1398 (Zenit-4MT/Orion #23) | GRU | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 13 August | Successful | ||
4 August 11:30 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 31/6 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1399 (Yantar-4K1/Oktan #5) | GRU | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 16 September | Successful | ||
5 August 06:56 |
Soviet Union Vostok-2M | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 16/2 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1400 (Tselina-D #37) | Low Earth | ELINT | 13 September 2014 | Successful | |||
19 August 17:11 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 1/5 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Soyuz T-7 | Low Earth (Salyut 7) | Salyut 7 EP-2 | 10 December 19:02 |
Successful | |||
Crewed orbital flight with three cosmonauts | |||||||
20 August 09:50 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 41/1 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1401 (Resurs-F1 (17F41) #9) | Low Earth | Earth observation | 3 September | Successful | |||
26 August 23:10 |
United StatesDelta 3920/PAM-D | United StatesCape Canaveral LC-17A | United States | ||||
Canada Anik D1 (1238kg) | Telesat Canada | Geostationary | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
27 August 00:02 |
Soviet Union Molniya-M/Blok ML | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 41/1 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Molniya-3 19 (Molniya-3 33L) | Molniya | Communications | 13 January 2002 | Successful | |||
30 August 10:06 |
Soviet Union Tsyklon-2 | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 90/19 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet UnionKosmos 1402 (US-A #22) | LEO, inclination 65.0 degrees | Radar ocean surveillance | 23 January 1983 (bus) 7 February 1983 (nuclear core) |
Successful | |||
30 August 19:55 |
Soviet UnionKosmos-3M | Soviet UnionPlesetsk Site 132/2 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Strela-2M #29 | Intended: Low Earth | Communications | 30 August | Failure | |||
September | |||||||
1 September 09:00 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 31/6 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1403 (Zenit-6U/Argon #64) | GRU | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 15 September | Successful | ||
1 September 09:00 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 43/3 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1404 (Zenit-6U/Argon #65) | GRU | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 15 September | Successful | ||
3 September 05:00 |
JapanUnited States N-I | Japan Tanegashima Space Center LA-N (LA-Y1) | Japan NASDA | ||||
Japan ETS 3 (Kiku 4) (385 kg) | LEO, inclination 44.6 degrees | Technology testing | In orbit | Successful | |||
Final flight of the N-I | |||||||
4 September 17:50 |
Soviet UnionTsyklon-2 | Soviet UnionBaikonur Site 90/20 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet UnionKosmos 1405 (US-P #15) | LEO, inclination 65.0 degrees | ELINT ocean surveillance | 5 February 1984 | Successful | |||
8 September 10:20 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 41/1 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1406 (Zenit-4MKT/Fram #22) | GRU | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 21 September | Successful | ||
9 September 02:12 |
European Union Ariane 1 | France Kourou ELA | France Arianespace | ||||
European Union MARECS B | Inmarsat | Intended: Geostationary | Communications | 9 September | Launch Failure | ||
ItalySirio 2 | Intended: Geostationary | Communications | |||||
Third stage turbopump malfunction | |||||||
9 September 07:19 |
China Long March 2C | China Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center LA-2B (Site 138) | China | ||||
China FSW-0 4 | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 21 September | Successful | |||
Maiden flight of Long March 2C | |||||||
9 September 15:12 |
United States Conestoga I | United States Matagorda Island | United States Space Services Inc. | ||||
United States Test payload | Space Services Inc. | Suborbital | Test flight | 9 September | Successful | ||
First private rocket to reach space. Apogee: ~ 309 kilometers (192 miles)[24][25] | |||||||
15 September 15:30 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 41/1 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1407 (Yantar-2K/Feniks #27) | GRU | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 16 October | Successful | ||
16 September 04:55 |
Soviet Union Tsyklon-3 | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 32/2 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1408 (Tselina-D #38) | LEO, inclination 82.6 degrees | ELINT | Destroyed on 15 November 2021 | Successful | |||
Satellite was destroyed by an anti-satellite missile test on 15 November 2021.[26] | |||||||
16 September 18:31 |
Soviet Union Proton-K/Blok DM | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 200/40 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Ekran 9 (Ekran 24L) | Geostationary | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |||
18 September 04:58 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Baikonur | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Progress 15 | Low Earth (Salyut 7) | Logistics | 16 October 17:06 |
Successful | |||
22 September 06:23 |
Soviet Union Molniya-M/Blok 2BL | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 16/2 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1409 (US-K #28) | Molniya | Early warning | 8 June 2009 | Successful | |||
24 September 09:15 |
Soviet Union Tsyklon-3 | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 32/1 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1410 (Geo-IK/Musson #3) | LEO, inclination 82.6 degrees | Geodesy | In orbit | Successful | |||
28 September 23:17[1][lower-alpha 1] |
United States Atlas SLV-3D Centaur-D1AR | AC-60 | United States Cape Canaveral LC-36B | United States | |||
United Nations Intelsat V F-5 | Intelsat | Geostationary | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
30 September 11:50 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 16/2 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1411 (Zenit-6U/Argon #66) | GRU | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 14 October | Successful | ||
October | |||||||
2 October 00:01 |
Soviet UnionTsyklon-2 | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 90/20 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet UnionKosmos 1412 (US-A #23) | LEO, inclination 64.8 degrees | Radar ocean surveillance | In orbit | Successful | |||
12 October 14:56 |
Soviet Union Proton-K/Blok DM-2 | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 200/39 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1413 (Uragan-GVM #1) | Medium Earth orbit | Boilerplate | In orbit | Successful | |||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1414 (Uragan #1) | Medium Earth orbit | Navigation | In orbit | Successful | |||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1415 (Uragan-GVM #2) | Medium Earth orbit | Boilerplate | In orbit | Successful | |||
First flight of Blok DM-2 upper stage. First launch of GLONASS navigation system, with one operational satellite and two mass simulators to test the triple launch system | |||||||
14 October 09:10 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 31/6 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1416 (Zenit-6U/Argon #67) | GRU | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 28 October | Successful | ||
19 October 05:58 |
Soviet Union Kosmos-3M | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 132/1 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1417(Parus #35) | LEO, inclination 83.0 degrees | navigation, Communication | In orbit | Successful | |||
20 October 16:26 |
Soviet Union Proton-K/Blok DM | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 200/40 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Gorizont 6 (Gorizont 16L) | Geostationary | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |||
21 October 01:40[1] |
Soviet Union Kosmos-3M | Soviet Union Kapustin Yar Site 107/1 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1418 (Taifun-1B #3) | LEO | Radar calibration | 30 September 1983 | Successful | |||
28 October 01:27 |
United States Delta 3924 | United States Cape Canaveral LC-17A | United States | ||||
United States Satcom 5 (Aurora 1) (1102kg) | RCA Americom | GTO | Communications satellite | In orbit | Successful | ||
30 October 04:05 |
United States Titan 34D/IUS | United States Cape Canaveral LC-40 | United States | ||||
United States OPS 9945 (DSCS II F-16) | US Air Force | Geostationary | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
United StatesDSCS III A-1 | US Air Force | Geostationary | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
Maiden flight of Titan 34D and Inertial Upper Stage | |||||||
31 October 11:20 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 1/5 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Progress 16 | Low Earth (Salyut 7) | Logistics | 14 December 17:17 |
Successful | |||
Soviet Union Iskra 3 (RK 03) | MAI | Low Earth | Amateur radio | 16 December | |||
Iskra 3 deployed through Salyut 7 airlock | |||||||
November | |||||||
2 November 09:30 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 31/6 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1419 (Zenit-6U/Argon #68) | GRU | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 16 November | Successful | ||
11 November 06:14 |
Soviet UnionKosmos-3M | Soviet UnionPlesetsk Site 132/1 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet UnionKosmos 1420 (Strela-2 #30) | LEO, inclination 74.0 degrees | Communication | In orbit | Successful | |||
11 November 12:19 |
United StatesSpace Shuttle Columbia | United StatesKennedy LC-39A | United StatesUnited Space Alliance | ||||
United StatesSTS-5 | NASA | Low Earth | Satellite deployment | 16 November 14:33 |
Successful | ||
United StatesSBS-3 | SBS | Current: Graveyard Operational: Geosynchronous |
Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
CanadaAnik C3 | Telesat Canada | Current: Graveyard Operational: Geosynchronous |
Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
West GermanyGetaway Special | West Germany | Low Earth | Microgravity research | 16 November | Successful | ||
Crewed orbital flight with four astronauts; First "operational" Shuttle flight Anik C3 retired 18 June 1997 | |||||||
17 November 21:22 |
United StatesTitan IIID | United StatesVandenberg SLC-4E | United States | ||||
United StatesOPS 9627 (KH-11-5) | NRO | Sun-synchronous | Reconnaissance | 13 August 1985 | Successful | ||
Final flight of Titan IIID | |||||||
18 November 09:25 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 31/6 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1421 (Zenit-6U/Argon #69) | GRU | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 2 December | Successful | ||
24 November 11:00 |
Soviet Union Kosmos-3M | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 132/1 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Strela-1M #249-#256 | Intended: Low Earth | Communications | 24 November | Failure | |||
26 November 14:13 |
Soviet Union Proton-K/Blok DM | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 200/39 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Raduga 11 (Gran 21L) | Geostationary | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |||
December | |||||||
3 December 12:00 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 43/3 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1422 (Zenit-6U/Argon #70) | GRU | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 17 December | Successful | ||
8 December 13:46 |
Soviet Union Molniya-M/Blok ML | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 1/5 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1423 (Molniya-1K 60L) | Intended: Molniya Achieved: Low Earth |
18 January 1986 | Partial failure | ||||
14 December 22:30 |
Soviet Union Vostok-2M | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 43/3 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Meteor-2 9 | Low Earth | Weather | In orbit | Successful | |||
16 December 10:00 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 31/6 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1424 (Yantar-4K1/Oktan #6) | GRU | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 28 January 1983 | Successful | ||
21 December 02:38 |
United States Atlas E/Star-37S-ISS | United States Vandenberg SLC-3W | United States | ||||
United States DMSP 5D-2 F6 | US Air Force | Sun-synchronous | Weather | In orbit | Successful | ||
23 December 09:10 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U2 | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 1/5 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1425 (Zenit-6U/Argon #71) | GRU | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 6 January 1983 | Successful | ||
Maiden flight of Soyuz-U2, fuelled by syntin | |||||||
24 December 12:00 |
Soviet Union Proton-K/Blok DM | Soviet Union Baikonur 200/39 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Raduga (Gran 22L) | Intended: Geostationary | Communications | 24 December | Failure | |||
Second stage engine failure at T+230 seconds, due to high frequency vibrations.[29] | |||||||
28 December 12:00 |
Soviet Union Soyuz-U | Soviet Union Baikonur Site 31/6 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1426 (Yantar-4KS1/Terilen #1) | GRU | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 5 March 1983 | Successful | ||
First Soviet electro-optical reconnaissance satellite | |||||||
29 December 12:00 |
Soviet Union Kosmos-3M | Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 132/1 | Soviet Union | ||||
Soviet Union Kosmos 1427 (Tafun-1B #4) | LEO, inclination 65.8 degrees | Radar calibration | 5 October 1989 | Successful |
Suborbital launches
Date and time (UTC) | Rocket | Flight number | Launch site | LSP | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Payload | Operator | Orbit | Function | Decay (UTC) | Outcome | ||
Remarks | |||||||
July-September | |||||||
9 September 15:12 |
United StatesConestoga 1 | United StatesMatagorda Island | United StatesSpace Services Inc. | ||||
West GermanyDLR M-AR-116 | DLR | Suborbital | Test flight | 9 September | Successful | ||
Re-branded Aries. Apogee: 309 km |
Deep-space rendezvous
Date (GMT) | Spacecraft | Event | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|
1 March | Venera 13 | landed on Venus[30] | |
5 March | Venera 14 | landed on Venus[31] | |
30 March | ISEE-3/ICE | 1st flyby of the Moon | Closest approach: 19,570 kilometres (12,160 mi) |
23 April | ISEE-3/ICE | 2nd flyby of the Moon | Closest approach: 21,137 kilometres (13,134 mi) |
27 September | ISEE-3/ICE | 3rd flyby of the Moon | Closest approach: 22,790 kilometres (14,160 mi) |
EVAs
Start Date/Time | Duration | End Time | Spacecraft | Crew | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
30 July 02:39 |
2 hours 33 minutes |
05:12 | Salyut 7 EO-1 | Soviet UnionAnatoly Berezovoy Soviet UnionValentin Lebedev |
Performing the first EVA from Salyut 7, Lebedev anchored himself with a foot restraint, while Berezovoy assisted from the hatch. After collecting and placing samples on the exterior surface of the spacecraft, Lebedev tested methods for assembly and disassembly work in space, including the Istok panel experiment of turning bolts with a special wrench. |
Notes
References
- Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
- Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
- Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.[dead link ]
- Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
- Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report". Archived from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- McDowell, Jonathan. "GCAT Orbital Launch Log".
- Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
- Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
- Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
- Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
- "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
- "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
- "Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.[dead link ]
- "Space Information Center". JAXA.[dead link ]
- "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
Footnotes
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Page. Archived from the original on 23 January 2018. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Satcom rockets aloft". The Orlando Sentinel. Cape Canaveral, Florida: Tribune Publishing. United Press International. 16 January 1982. p. 4. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "Launch/Orbital information for RCA-SATCOM 4". NSSDCA Master Catalog. NASA. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
- ↑ "General information about RCA-SATCOM 4". NSSDCA Master Catalog. NASA. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "Westar IV satellite launched". Springfield Leader and Press. Cape Canaveral, Florida: Gannett. Associated Press. 26 February 1982. p. 7. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "General information about Westar 4". NSSDCA Master Catalog. NASA. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 "NASA launches Intelsat for phone, TV hookups". The Orlando Sentinel. Cape Canaveral, Florida: Tribune Publishing. Sentinel Star Services. 5 March 1982. p. 175. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "General information about INTELSAT 5 F-4". NSSDCA Master Catalog. NASA. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 "Satellite Launch Startles Residents Around Cape". The Tampa Tribune. Cape Canaveral, Florida. United Press International. 7 March 1982. p. 30. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "Launch/Orbital information for DSP F10". NSSDCA Master Catalog. NASA. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
- ↑ "General information about DSP F10". NSSDCA Master Catalog. NASA. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Toner, Mike (23 March 1982). "Up, Columbia! 3rd Time a Charm". Miami Herald. Cape Canaveral, Florida. p. 28. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "Launch/Orbital information for STS 3/OSS 1". NSSDCA Master Catalog. NASA. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
- ↑ "General information about STS 3/OSS 1". NSSDCA Master Catalog. NASA. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Locke, Robert (31 March 1982). "Tardy space shuttle touches down". Arizona Daily Star. White Sands Missile Range: Pulitzer, Inc. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Fineman, Mark (9 September 1982). "U.S.-made Indian satellite now just space junk". The Dispatch. New Delhi. Knight News Wire. p. 10. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Fineman, Mark (10 April 1982). "Delta launch is revolution on a rocket for rural India". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Cape Canaveral, Florida. p. 1. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Fineman, Mark (10 April 1982). "Delta launch is a revolution on a rocket for India". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Cape Canaveral, Florida. p. 2. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 Trimborn, Harry (21 April 1982). "Soviets Orbit Space Lab for East-West Operation". Los Angeles Times. p. 16. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 "Launch/Orbital information for Salyut 7". NSSDCA Master Catalog. NASA. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
- ↑ "COSMOS 1356". N2YO.com. 8 July 2023. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 22.5 Adams, Peter (9 June 1982). "WESTAR V flies on time". Florida Today. Brevard County, Florida: Gannett. p. 16A. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "Proton-K/Block-DM | Ekran n°23L". nextspaceflight.com. Retrieved 23 August 2024.
- ↑ "The launch of Conestoga 1". Space Services Inc. Archived from the original on 3 August 2015. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
- ↑ Wade, Mark. "Matagorda Island". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 10 February 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
- ↑ Foust, Jeff (15 November 2021). "Russia destroys satellite in ASAT test". SpaceNews. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ↑ "Satellite Launch Rescheduled". Naples Daily News. Vol. 60, no. 54. Associated Press. 24 September 1982. p. 2B. Retrieved 16 August 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ Adams, Peter (29 September 1982). "Intelsat 5 hurtles to space". Florida Today. Retrieved 16 August 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "Proton-K/Block-DM | Raduga n°22L". nextspaceflight.com. Retrieved 23 August 2024.
- ↑ "Soviet Spaceship Lands on Venus". The Tribune. United Press International. 2 March 1982. p. 1. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "Soviets land 2nd unmanned craft on Venus". The Orlando Sentinel. Moscow: Tribune Publishing. United Press International. 6 March 1982. p. 9. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021 – via Newspapers.com.