2018 Asian Para Games
| File:2018 Asian Para Games logo.svg | |
| Host city | Jakarta, Indonesia |
|---|---|
| Motto | The Inspiring Spirit and Energy of Asia [lower-alpha 1] |
| Nations | 43 |
| Athletes | 2,762[1] |
| Events | 506 in 18 sports[2] |
| Opening | 6 October |
| Closing | 13 October |
| Opened by | Joko Widodo President of Indonesia |
| Closed by | Majid Rashed President of the Asian Paralympic Committee |
| Athlete's Oath | Banyu Tri Mulyo |
| Judge's Oath | Bayu Widi |
| Coach's Oath | Dinda Ayu Sekartaji |
| Torch lighter | Jendi Pangabean |
| Main venue | Gelora Bung Karno Main Stadium (opening ceremony) Gelora Bung Karno Madya Stadium (closing ceremony) |
| Website | Official website |
| Paralympic agitos |
| Part of a series on |
| 2018 Asian Para Games |
|---|
The 2018 Asian Para Games (Indonesian: Pesta Olahraga Difabel Asia 2018,[citation needed] Asian Para Games 2018), officially known as the 3rd Asian Para Games and also known as Indonesia 2018, was a pan-Asian multi-sport event that held from 6 to 13 October 2018 in Indonesia's capital city of Jakarta. The event paralleled the 2018 Asian Games and was held for Asian athletes with disability.[3] It was the first time Indonesia hosted the games. Events were held in the host city Jakarta and in Bogor Regency of West Java province. The opening ceremony was held at Gelora Bung Karno Main Stadium, while the closing ceremony was held at Gelora Bung Karno Madya Stadium next door. The games saw the debut of Bhutan as a participating nation and the introduction of chess to the Asian Para Games' program, with the removal of rowing, sailing, 5 and 7-a-side football, wheelchair dancesport and wheelchair rugby. China led the medal tally for the third consecutive time. North Korea and South Korea march under the Korean Unification Flag at the opening ceremony and for the first time competed as a unified team in some events. They also won their first medals, one silver and one bronze medal as a unified team. In addition, Philippines and Kuwait won their first ever Asian Para Games gold medals, while Laos and East Timor won their first ever Asian Para Games medals including their first gold medals. There were 16 world, 63 Asian and 246 Asian Para Games records broken during the Games.[4]
Host city
As is the tradition of the event, since 2010, the Asian Para Games are usually held after every Asian Games in the same host country. On 29 February 2016, Indonesia signed the 2018 Asian Para Games host city contract at a ceremony in Jakarta, having confirmed as host city of the event on 21 October 2014 in Incheon, South Korea. A local organising committee named the Indonesia Asian Para Games Organizing Committee (INAPGOC) led by Raja Sapta Oktohari was formed soon after it was appointed host country of the 2018 Asian Para Games for all preparations, opening, organising, and finalizing the implementation of the event.[5][6][7]
Development and preparations
Volunteers
Volunteer recruitment was held from 21 April until 31 July 2018 with a target of 8,000 volunteers.[8][9]
Torch relay
Like the torch relay of the 2018 Asian Games, the torch relay began at the Mrapen in Central Java on 5 September 2018 where the torch was lit using the natural eternal flame to start the 30-day countdown to the event.[10] The relay route passed through the 8 largest cities in Indonesia until arriving in Jakarta.[11][12] Below is the schedule of the relay:
- Solo (Surakarta), Central Java (5 September)
- Ternate, North Maluku (9 September)[13]
- Makassar, South Sulawesi (12 September)
- Denpasar, Bali (16 September)
- Pontianak, West Kalimantan (19 September)
- Medan, North Sumatera (23 September)
- Pangkal Pinang, Bangka Belitung Islands (26 September)
- Jakarta (Host city, 30 September)
A day before the torch relay start, the games' final torch design was introduced, in which its design is inspired by Batik parang motif.[14]
Marketing
Emblem
The emblem of the games was Harmony - Energy of Asia, modelled upon the circular roof of the Gelora Bung Karno Stadium, the main venue of the games. It represented harmony and balance within the natural environment and the people of the Asian community. The moving man in the center of the circle symbolize the movement and energy of the 2018 Asian Para Games participating athletes in achieving victory, while the 3 curves surrounding the man's silhouette represents unity in diversity among Asian countries for mutual achievement. 5 different colours are used in the logo to represent the basic elements in Asian philosophy of Living and togetherness. Blue symbolized the sky, orange symbolized the sun, green symbolized the nature, purple symbolized proximity, wisdom, loyalty, and pride and red symbolized the spirit of solidarity.[15]
Mascot
The official mascot of the Games is a Bondol eagle named Momo whose name is short for motivation and mobility. Momo represents the icon of the capital city of Jakarta and also represents spirit. Momo wears a Betawinese Belt with Sarong.
Medals
On 5 October 2018, Indonesia Asian Para Games Organizing Committee (INAPGOC) released the medal design to the public which is inspired by the Rio 2016 Summer Paralympics medal, featuring the Asian Para Games logo on the obverse and the braille letters on the reverse. Each medal contains differing numbers of metal balls to allow the visually impaired to audibly distinguish their colour by shaking them.[16]
Merchandising
Merchandises including the mascot plush toy were sold at the Gelora Bung Karno Main stadium area including the super store during the games.
Music
Six songs were released to promote the games, including the official theme song "Song of Victory", which was used as the background music for the games' broadcast title sequence.[17] Two songs were not specifically composed for the games, like "Sang Juara" by Naura and Zizi,[18] which is a version of the former's 2017 song "Juara" and a short version of 2016-released song "Manusia Kuat" by Tulus.[19]
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Performer(s) | Length |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | "Song of Victory" | Ezra Lilipory |
|
| 3:00 |
| 2. | "Sang Juara" (The Champion) | Andi Rianto |
| 3:03 | |
| 3. | "I Wanna Dance" |
| 3:32 | ||
| 4. | "Dream High" |
| 3:10 | ||
| 5. | "Kita Semua Sama" (We are All the Same) |
| Kevaz Jones |
| 4:11 |
| 6. | "Manusia Kuat" (Strong Human) | Tulus |
| Tulus | 3:05 |
Venues
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The 2018 Asian Para Games uses most venues that are used to host the 2018 Asian Games events. They are located in Jakarta and neighbouring West Java province.[20][21]
Gelora Bung Karno Sports Complex
| Venue | Events | Capacity |
|---|---|---|
| Aquatic Stadium | Swimming | 7,800 |
| Archery Field | Archery | 293 |
| Basketball Hall | Wheelchair basketball | 2,400 |
| Hockey Field (Court 2)[22] | Lawn bowls | 818 |
| Main Stadium | Opening ceremony, Athletics | 77,193[23] |
| Madya Stadium | Closing ceremony[24] | 9,170[25] |
| Istora | Badminton | 7,166[26] |
| Shooting Range | Shooting | |
| Tennis Indoor Stadium | Sitting volleyball | 3,750 |
Central Jakarta
| Venue | Events | Capacity | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cempaka Putih Sports Hall | Chess | Cempaka Putih | |
| Jakarta International Expo | Judo | Kemayoran |
East Jakarta
| Venue | Events | Capacity | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jakarta International Velodrome | Cycling (track) | 3,000 | Rawamangun |
| POPKI Sports Hall | Wheelchair fencing | Cibubur |
North Jakarta
| Venue | Events | Capacity | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ecovention Ancol | Table tennis | Ancol | |
| Jaya Ancol Bowling Center | Bowling | ||
| Klub Kelapa Gading | Wheelchair tennis | Kelapa Gading | |
| Tanjung Priok Sports Hall | Boccia | Tanjung Priok |
South Jakarta
| Venue | Events | Capacity | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| Balai Kartini | Goalball | Setiabudi | |
| Balai Sudirman | Powerlifting | Tebet |
Jakarta Suburb (West Java)
| Venue | Events | Capacity | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sentul International Circuit | Cycling (road race)[27] | 50,000 | Babakan Madang, Bogor Regency |
The games uses the same Athletes' Village as the 2018 Asian Games which was built in Kemayoran.[28][29][30]
Transport
Like during the 2018 Asian Games, TransJakarta provides free bus rides involving 300 disabled-friendly buses which consists of 200 low-entry buses and 100 high-entry buses during the games for disabled athletes everyday and on weekend days during the games for the locals to encourage people to watch the games.[31][32]
The Games
Opening ceremony
The opening ceremony of the 2018 Asian Para Games took place on Saturday, 6 October 2018, at the Gelora Bung Karno Main Stadium in Jakarta, Indonesia.[33] The event commenced at 19:00 Indonesia Western Time (UTC+7) and ended at 21:43 local time. Jay Subiyakto was the Associate creative director of the ceremony.[34][35][36][37][38] North and South Korea delegates marched together under one unified flag of Korea for the first time. The games was officially opened by the President of Indonesia, Joko Widodo.
Sports
The Games featured 18 sports which were split into 506 events, including chess which was included for the first time in the games' programme.[39][40]
- File:Archery pictogram (Paralympics).svg Archery (9)
- File:Athletics pictogram (Paralympics).svg Athletics (161)
- File:Badminton pictogram.svg Badminton (19)
- File:Boccia pictogram (Paralympics).svg Boccia (7)
- File:Bowling pictogram.svg Bowling (18)
- File:Chess pictogram.svg Chess (24)
- File:Cycling (road) pictogram (Paralympics).svg Cycling (27)
- File:Goalball pictogram (Paralympics).svg Goalball (2)
- File:Judo pictogram.svg Judo (15)
- File:Lawn bowls pictogram.svg Lawn bowls (15)
- File:Powerlifting pictogram (Paralympics).svg Powerlifting (20)
- File:Shooting pictogram (Paralympics).svg Shooting (13)
- File:Sitting volleyball pictogram (Paralympics).svg Sitting volleyball (2)
- File:Swimming pictogram (Paralympics).svg Swimming (106)
- File:Table tennis pictogram (Paralympics).svg Table tennis (42)
- File:Wheelchair basketball pictogram (Paralympics).svg Wheelchair basketball (2)
- File:Wheelchair fencing pictogram (Paralympics).svg Wheelchair fencing (18)
- File:Wheelchair tennis pictogram (Paralympics).svg Wheelchair tennis (6)
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In addition, there were 16 non-medal events contested at the games, 6 in Athletics and 10 in Swimming.
Participating National Paralympic Committees
43 members of the Asian Paralympic Committee participated at the Games.[41] In addition, the two Koreas competed as one joint team in selected events, the first time doing so in any para sport event which makes it the 44th participant of the games. Both nations also marched together under one flag during the opening and closing ceremonies.[42] Bhutan and Yemen participated for the first time. Below is a list of all the participating NPCs. The number of competitors per delegation is indicated in brackets.
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- Number of athletes by National Paralympic Committees (by highest to lowest)
* Including athletes represented File:Unification flag of Korea.svg Korea (12). Unlike Asian Games, athletes of unified Korean team at the games also competed under respective national team in individual events.
Calendar
- All times are in Western Indonesia Time (UTC+7)
| OC | Opening ceremony | ● | Event competitions | 1 | Gold medal events | CC | Closing ceremony |
Closing ceremony
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The 2018 Asian Para Games closing ceremony was held on Saturday, 13 October 2018 at the Gelora Bung Karno Madya Stadium in Jakarta.[43][44] In addition to local artists and a Hangzhou Asian Para Games promotional video segment, the South Korean girlband AOA performed in the ceremony. Vice Mayor of Hangzhou Wang Hong received the APC flag as the host of the next Games.
Medal table
The 2018 Asian Para Games had 506 events, resulted in 506 medal sets being distributed. One additional gold medal was awarded as there was a first-place tie in Swimming men's S7 100 m backstroke event. As a consequence, no silver medal was awarded in that event. One additional silver medal was awarded as there was a second-place tie in Athletics men's T45/46/47 high jump event. As a consequence, no bronze medal was awarded in that event. Two bronze medals were awarded in most events in racket sports (18 in Badminton, 23 in Table tennis and 12 in Wheelchair fencing) and one martial art (15 in Judo). Furthermore, there was a third-place tie in the Bowling mixed singles TPB10 event, giving a total of 69 additional bronze medals. On the other hand, 7 silvers and 37 bronze medals were not awarded in 37 events in 7 sports due to lack of participants: 2 bronze each in Archery and chess, 1 silver and 4 bronze in cycling, 4 bronze in lawn bowls, 6 silver and 18 bronzes in athletics, 1 bronze in swimming and 6 bronzes in table tennis. A silver medal was not awarded in judo due to the disqualification of a judoka in the finals. Some medals in athletics and judo were reallocated due to doping violation.[45] As a result, a total of 1,541 medals comprising 507 gold medals, 497 silver medals and 537 bronze medals were awarded to athletes.
* Host nation (Indonesia)
Official changes by country
In accordance with the APC Anti-Doping Rules, expired the result of Mirzaev Nurbek in Judo Men’s 81 kg event and Abdullaeva Kamolakhon in Women’s Long Jump T45/46/47. South Korea secures gold in judo after Chinese judoka’s disqualification in Judo Women’s +70 kg event.
| NOC | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan | -2 | 0 | 0 | −2 |
| File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China | -1 | 0 | 0 | −1 |
| File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea | +2 | −2 | 0 | 0 |
| File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka | +1 | −1 | +1 | +1 |
| File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran | 0 | +1 | −1 | 0 |
The official result of Men’s 81 kg was revised as follows: Gold: Lee Jungmin (KOR) Bronze: Jafari Seyed Omid (IRI) Bronze: Kitazono Aramitsu (JPN) The official result of the Women’s Long Jump T45/46/47 was revised as follows: Gold: Lallwala Palliyagurunnans Amara Indumathi Karunathi (SRI) Silver: Bornaki Zahra (IRI) Bronze: Dissanayaka Mudiyanselage Kumudu Priyanka (SRI)
NPCs without medal
- File:Flag of Afghanistan (2004–2021).svg Afghanistan (AFG)
- File:Flag of Bhutan.svg Bhutan (BHU)
- File:Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei (BRU)
- File:Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia (CAM)
- File:Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea (PRK)
- File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan (1992–2023).svg Kyrgyzstan (KGZ)
- File:Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon (LBN)
- File:Flag of Nepal.svg Nepal (NEP)
- File:Flag of Palestine.svg Palestine (PLE)
- File:Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan (TJK)
- File:Flag of Yemen.svg Yemen (YEM)
Podium Sweeps
| Sport | Event | NOC | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Athletics | Men's Discus Throw F51/52/53 | File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran (IRI) | Hossein Khorsandamiri | Asadollah Azimi | Alireza Mokhtari Hemami |
| Men's Discus Throw F54/55/56 | Alireza Ghaleh Nasseri | Jalil Bagheri Jeddi | Hamed Amiri | ||
| Men's Javelin Throw F56/57 | Mohammad Alvanpour | Amanolah Papi | Mohammad Khalvandi | ||
| Men's 5000m T11 | File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan (JPN) | Kenya Karasawa | Shinya Wada | Masahiro Taniguchi | |
| Women's 1500m T20 | Sayaka Makita | Moeko Yamamoto | Misaki Ari | ||
| Women's Shot Put F35/36/37 | File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China (CHN) | Mi Na | Li Yingli | Wu Qing | |
| Men's High Jump T42/63 | File:Flag of India.svg India (IND) | Sharad Kumar | Varun Bhati | Mariyappan Thangavelu | |
| Women's 100m T13 | File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia (INA) | Putri Aulia | Ni Made Arianti | Endang Sari Sitorus | |
| Men's 200m T42/63 | File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka (SRI) | Prasan Warnakulasooriya | Chuladasa Abarana | Buddika Indrapala | |
| Men's 1500m T53/54 | File:Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand (THA) | Prawat Wahoram | Putharet Khongrak | Rawat Tana | |
| Shooting | Women's 50m Rifle Three Position SH1 | File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China (CHN) | Zhang Cuiping | Yan Yaping | Bai Xiaohong |
| Swimming | Men's 100m Freestyle S13 | File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan (UZB) | Islam Aslanov | Muzaffar Tursunkhujaev | Dmitriy Horlin |
| Men's 100m Butterfly S13 | Kirill Pankov | ||||
| Women's 100m Backstroke S13 | Shokhsanamkhon Toshpulatova | Nigorakhon Mirzokhidova | Fotimakhon Amilova | ||
| Women's 100m Butterfly S13 | Fotimakhon Amilova | Nigorakhon Mirzokhidova | |||
| Women's 100m Breaststroke SB13 | Fotimakhon Amilova | Shokhsanamkhon Toshpulatova | |||
| Men's 100m Breaststroke SB14 | File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan (JPN) | Yasuhiro Tanaka | Dai Tokairin | Taiga Hayashida | |
| Wheelchair Tennis | Men's Single | Shingo Kunieda | Takashi Sanada | Kohei Suzuki |
Concerns and controversies
- Like in the Asian Games, Jakarta was struggling to solve traffic congestion and air pollution problems.
- On 8 October 2018, Indonesian judoka Miftahul Jannah was not allowed to compete, after she refused to take off her hijab, a head cover which is prohibited from being worn during competition according to one of International Judo Federation rules which states that the head of the judoka shall not be covered except for bandaging of a medical nature. President of the Indonesian National Paralympic Committee Senny Marbun said the incident occurred because of the committee's negligence and the judo coach appointed by the committee was unaware of the rule and confused over it because of poor English.[47]
- On 9 October 2018, Iran beat Iraq in the men's goalball group B match after the referee awarded Iran five penalties. The Iraqi team led 6-5 at half time in the Pool B match, but eventually fell to a 14-9 defeat. Iraqi coach Yosefian Mahmod blamed the referee for the loss saying the referee's decision disadvantaged the team.[48]
See also
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Notes
- ↑ Only the English version of the motto were used during the Games. There is no Indonesian equivalent of the motto adopted.
References
- ↑ "Asian Para Games Can Bring Change to Indonesia". fairobserver.com. Fair Observer. 11 October 2018. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
- ↑ "Medals at stake". Official website. Archived from the original on 2018-10-28. Retrieved 2018-10-22.
- ↑ "Indonesia To Host 2018 Asian Para Games". asianparalympic.org. the Asian Paralympic Committee (APC). Archived from the original on 28 December 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
- ↑ Day 9 Journal
- ↑ "Jakarta confirmed as host of 2018 Asian Para Games". Inside the Games. 21 October 2014.
- ↑ "Jakarta formally signs Host City Contract to stage 2018 Asian Para Games".
- ↑ "Asian Paralympic Committee Sign host city contract with organising committee for 2018 Asian Para Games in Indonesia". Asian Paralympic Committee. 3 March 2016. Archived from the original on 13 July 2018. Retrieved 7 October 2018.
- ↑ "2018 Asian Para Games Opens Registration For 8000 Volunteer". 21 April 2018.
- ↑ "2018 Asian Para Games Volunteer". Archived from the original on 6 July 2018.
- ↑ "Pass the Torch: Asian Para Games to Rock Jakarta in October".
- ↑ "From Mrapen, Asian Para Games Flame Set to Begin Nationwide Tour".
- ↑ "Ternate welcomes Asian Para Games flame". Inside the Games.
- ↑ "2018 Asian Para Games Torch Decorated with Batik Ornaments". Tempo. 5 September 2018.
- ↑ "Logo & Mascot". Asian Para Games 2018. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
- ↑ "Braille-embossed Asian Para Games medals feature rattling sound". Asian Para Games 2018. 5 October 2018. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
- ↑ SONG OF VICTORY - Various Artists - Asian Para Games 2018 Official Theme Song on YouTube
- ↑ SANG JUARA - Naura & Zizi - Official Song of Asian Para Games 2018 on YouTube
- ↑ Manusia Kuat - Tulus - Official Song of Asian Para Games 2018 on YouTube
- ↑ "Day 1 Journal" (PDF). Official website. Indonesia Asian Para Games Organising Committee. 6 October 2018.
- ↑ Bolasport.com (5 October 2018). "Asian Para Games 2018 - Mengenal Lapangan Hoki GBK, Lokasi Cabor Lawn Bowls Bakal Digelar". bolasport.com (in Bahasa Indonesia). Retrieved 8 October 2018.
- ↑ "E-Booking Stadion Utama Gelora Bung Karno". gbk.id. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
- ↑ Hendrawan, Verdi (19 September 2018). "Inapgoc Janjikan Opening Ceremony Asian Para Games 2018 Tak Kalah dari Asian Games 2018". bolasport.com (in Bahasa Indonesia). Kompas Gramedia Group. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
- ↑ "E-Booking Stadion Madya Gelora Bung Karno". gbk.id. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
- ↑ Ganesha, Amal (23 January 2018). "Jokowi Inaugurates Newly Renovated Istora Sports Hall". jakartaglobe.id. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
- ↑ Huda, Choirul (3 September 2018). "Sirkuit Sentul Disiapkan Jadi Venue untuk Para Cycling". TOPSKOR (in Bahasa Indonesia). Archived from the original on 4 October 2018. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
- ↑ Aziza, Kurnia Sari; Afrianti, Desy (7 January 2015). "Jelang Asian Games 2018, DKI Akan Bangun Kampung Atlet di Kemayoran". KOMPAS. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
- ↑ "Govt to build 10 apartment towers for athletes in Kemayoran". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
- ↑ Sumirat, Surya (23 December 2017). "Kemenpora Fokus Persiapan Wisma Atlet Asian Para Games 2018". CNN Indonesia (in Bahasa Indonesia). Retrieved 5 October 2018.
- ↑ "Free Transjakarta rides offered to public on weekends during Asian Para Games". The Jakarta Post. 30 September 2018.
- ↑ "Transjakarta to provide 300 disability-friendly buses for 2018 Asian Para Games". Official Website.
- ↑ "2018 Asian Para Games Opening to Carry Ocean Theme". Tempo. 28 September 2018.
- ↑ "Minute's silence In The Opening Of Asian Para Games 2018". Official website. Indonesia Asian Para Games Organizing Committee. 29 September 2018.
- ↑ "Concept and Performers of 2018 Asian Para Games Opening Ceremony". Tempo. 5 October 2018.
- ↑ "Opening ceremony". Official website. Indonesia Asian Para Games Organising Committee. 6 October 2018.
- ↑ Gemma Holliani Cahya (7 October 2018). "Indonesia Opens 2018 Asian Para Games". Jakarta Post.
- ↑ "Day 2 Journal" (PDF). Indonesia Asian Para Games. 7 October 2018. Retrieved 7 October 2018.
- ↑ "Asian-Para-Games-Unified-Korean-Team-Makes-History". Around the rings. Archived from the original on 2018-10-11. Retrieved 2018-10-09.
- ↑ "All Sports". 2018 Asian Para Games. Archived from the original on 5 September 2018. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
- ↑ "Asian Para Games Contingents from 3 Countries Arrive in Indonesia". Tempo. 1 October 2018. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
- ↑ "Indonesia 2018: North and South Korea to march together". International Paralympic Committee. 21 September 2018.
- ↑ "Closing ceremony". Official website. Indonesia Asian Para Games Organising Committee. 13 October 2018.
- ↑ "Asian Para Games: Closing ceremony to honor athletes' fighting spirit". Callistasia Anggun Wijaya. The Jakarta Post. 13 October 2018.
- ↑ "Notification of Anti-Doping Rule Violations at Indonesia 2018 Asian Para Games". Asian Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
- ↑ "Medal Awarded - All". Official website. Indonesian Asian Para Games Organising Committee. Archived from the original on 2018-10-10. Retrieved 2018-10-10.
- ↑ Asian Para Games: Confusion over head cover rule sees Indonesian judoka disqualified
- ↑ DIAMOND, James (9 October 2018). "Palestinian cyclist shot in Gaza misses chance to compete at Asian Para Games". Inside the Games. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
External links
- Official website (archived)
- Jakarta 2018 at Asian Paralympic Committee
- CS1 Bahasa Indonesia-language sources (id)
- 2018 Asian Para Games
- 2018 in multi-sport events
- 2018 in disability sport
- 2018 in Asian sport
- 2018 in Indonesian sport
- Asian Para Games
- Sport in Jakarta
- 2010s in Jakarta
- Multi-sport events in Indonesia
- International sports competitions hosted by Indonesia
- October 2018 sports events in Indonesia