Arendalsk
| Arendalsk | |
|---|---|
| Arendal dialect, Arendal Norwegian | |
| Ændalsk | |
| Region | Arendal |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | None |
Arendalsk, Arendal dialect or Arendal Norwegian (Bokmål and Nynorsk: Arendalsk, Arendalsdialekten; the Arendal dialect: Ændalsk) is a dialect of Norwegian used in Arendal.
Phonology
- Intervocalic /p, t, k/ are realized as voiced [b, d, ɡ]. This feature appeared in this dialect in the 20th century.[2][3]
- A uvular [ʀ] realization of /r/ was established in Arendal before the 20th century.[2][3]
- /ʀ/ is frequently dropped, so that e.g. Lars becomes Læs.[3]
- The ending /əʀ/ is pronounced [ɔ] (as in Danish), so that the word for 'basement' is kjeller in Bokmål, but kjellå in the Arendal dialect.[2][3]
According to the linguist Gjert Kristoffersen, a recent change is that the postvocalic /ʀ/ is vocalized to [æ̯], rather than dropped. The phonetic diphthongs [ʉæ̯] and [uæ̯] may be monophthongized and lowered to, respectively, [œː] and [ɔː], so that the words for 'to do gymnastics' and 'thorn' (which phonemically are, respectively, /ˈtʉ̂ʀne/ and /ˈtûʀne/) vary in their phonetic realization between, respectively, [ˈtʉ̂æ̯nə] ~ [ˈtœ̂ːnə] and [ˈtûæ̯nə] ~ [ˈtɔ̂ːnə]. This process may be extended to mid vowels.[4]
Tonemes
Phonetic realization
Tonemes of the Arendal dialect are the same as those of the Oslo dialect; accent 1 is low-rising, whereas accent 2 is falling-rising.[5]
Notable speakers
- Gjert Kristoffersen[4]
- Rockebandet Ændal, a heavy metal band that sings in the Arendal dialect[6]
References
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2022-05-24). "Older Runic". Glottolog. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Archived from the original on 2022-11-13. Retrieved 2022-11-13.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 ""E kåmmår hen te du i sta" — Eydehavnportalen". Archived from the original on 3 May 2015. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "Litt om arendalsdialekten - Arendal kommune". Archived from the original on 25 July 2015. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kristoffersen (2000), p. 36.
- ↑ Kristoffersen (2000), pp. 236–237.
- ↑ "ROCKEBANDET ÆNDAL". urbansound.no. Retrieved 2023-06-24.
Bibliography
- Kristoffersen, Gjert (2000), The Phonology of Norwegian, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-823765-5
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