Dating preferences

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Dating preferences refers to the preferences that individuals have towards a potential partner when approaching the formation of a romantic relationship. This concept is related to mate choice in humans, the research literature there primarily discusses the preference for traits that are evolutionarily desirable, such as physical symmetry, waist-to-chest ratio, and waist-to-hip ratio. Dating preferences, differs in that there are often social mechanisms that explain phenomena, rather than strictly evolutionary.

Research

Ideal preferences debate

Recent research has found that people seek romantic partners who exhibit their ideal preferences.[1] Shared musical taste and personality traits have been strongly linked to bonding between romantic partners.[2][3] Though this research is not specifically related to romantic relationships, it provides further evidence of the link between preferences and relationships. However, other authors have found that the preferences people report on the dimensions of physical attractiveness, earning prospects, and personability do not align with the characteristics of the people they genuinely seek when forming new relationships. Yet they were unable to identify a mechanism to explain their findings.[4][5] In another study of theirs, it was found that if there was a difference between ideal preferences and potential partner traits in face-to-face meeting contexts, it did not predict worse relationship satisfaction than contexts where ideal preferences and potential partner traits align.[6][7][8] In a response to these contradictory findings, a meta-analysis found that less than 5% of the studies used by these authors focused on the link between ideal preferences and initial relationship formation, while the remaining majority of studies evaluate general attraction and processes later in people's relationships. This casts doubt on the contradictory findings.[9]

Race

Among heterosexual men, East Asian and Southeast Asian women are consistently ranked as the most desired women for dating.[10][11][12] Recent research has found that Asian women are considered more desirable than white women because Asian women's physical features are perceived as more feminine, and therefore more attractive.[13][14] Black women and Asian men are ranked as the least desired in dating. This has led some online dating websites to change their algorithms to focus less on individual appearances and demographics, and more on individual hobbies and mutual interests.[15] Race plays a significant role in selecting a dating partner.[16] A recent study found that 88.7% of participants had been in an interracial relationship, but preferences varied by race and gender, with White women having the strongest ingroup dating preference among the races, and a stronger preference for Hispanics over Asian dating partners.[17] This concept of similarity hypothesis arises in a study concerning attraction to people whose race is that of their opposite-sex parent in biracial individuals, a hypothesis that comes from psychoanalytic theory. The study found that relationships for biracial individuals did not support the psychoanalytic perspective of attraction, but there was a significant preference for individuals whose race matched at least one of their parents, providing support for the similarity hypothesis. Additionally, preference for individuals whose ethnicity matched their parents was weaker for those with a diverse dating background, demonstrating that same-race preference may be a matter of experience rather than intrinsic preference.[18] Factors that influence the likelihood of preference for dating members of other races have been investigated, particularly social approval, social identity, and previous experience. Social approval refers to the perceived attitudes towards out-group dating of support networks, especially friends, family, and community, which was found to positively predict the formation of outgroup romantic relationships. Social identity refers to an individual's sense of belongingness, and a security in that identity, which was found to decrease the likelihood of dating other races. Previous experience, which included personal experience and experiences of people close to the individual, contributed to more open-minded attitudes toward other races, and increased the likelihood of dating members of other races.[19] At this time, the mechanisms to explain why these phenomena exist has not been clearly defined by researchers. Therefore, the reasons explaining the phenomena are merely speculative based on relatedness to existing theories that govern social interactions.[20]

Weight

Wanting/having children

Psychological abuse

Research related to dating preferences for those who have encountered psychologically abusive relationships has demonstrated that negative experiences in relationships can cause people to prefer traits in individuals that are harmful to themselves, which can also be found in research on the Dark Triad of personality. Additionally, it has been shown that even when people leave relationships that are harmful for them, they will find themselves in future relationships that are equally as harmful.[21] In a study on psychological abuse and preferences for potential partners, it was found that women who have been the recipient of psychological abuse in a previous relationship are more likely to seek romantic relationships in which their partner exhibits characteristics of one who is psychologically abusive, such as impulsiveness and jealousy. Another finding from the study was related to the partner pursuits of perpetrators of psychological abuse, where for men who have psychologically abused a recent romantic partner, they prefer seeking romantic relationships with anxiously attached women, who are more likely to be victims of psychological abuse.[22]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Campbell, Lorne; Chin, Kristi; Stanton, Sarah C. E. (1 January 2016). "Initial Evidence that Individuals Form New Relationships with Partners that More Closely Match their Ideal Preferences". Collabra. 2 (1). doi:10.1525/collabra.24. hdl:20.500.11820/58535202-b1e5-4a5a-b4b1-c495a09aba1a. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  2. ↑ Boer, Diana; Fischer, Ronald; Strack, Micha; Bond, Michael H.; Lo, Eva; Lam, Jason (September 2011). "How Shared Preferences in Music Create Bonds Between People: Values as the Missing Link". Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 37 (9): 1159–1171. doi:10.1177/0146167211407521. ISSN 0146-1672. PMID 21543650. S2CID 7855700.
  3. ↑ Rentfrow, Peter J.; Gosling, Samuel D. (March 2006). "Message in a Ballad: The Role of Music Preferences in Interpersonal Perception". Psychological Science. 17 (3): 236–242. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01691.x. ISSN 0956-7976. PMID 16507064. S2CID 16271901.
  4. ↑ Eastwick, Paul W.; Finkel, Eli J. (2008). "Sex differences in mate preferences revisited: Do people know what they initially desire in a romantic partner?". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 94 (2): 245–264. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.2.245. ISSN 1939-1315. PMID 18211175.
  5. ↑ "Do we know what we want in a romantic partner? No more than a random stranger would". ScienceDaily. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  6. ↑ Eastwick, Paul W.; Finkel, Eli J.; Simpson, Jeffry A. (February 2019). "Best Practices for Testing the Predictive Validity of Ideal Partner Preference-Matching". Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 45 (2): 167–181. doi:10.1177/0146167218780689. ISSN 0146-1672. PMID 29947571. S2CID 49434432.
  7. ↑ FInkel, Eli; Eastwick, Paul; Karney, Benjamin; Reis, Harry; Sprecher, Reis (2016). "Scientific American Mind: How to Find Love in a Digital World". Scientific American. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  8. ↑ Selterman, Dylan; Gideon, Sydney (1 September 2022). "Experiences of Romantic Attraction Are Similar Across Dating Apps and Offline Dates in Young Adults". Journal of Social Psychology Research: 145–163. doi:10.37256/jspr.1220221542. ISSN 2810-9767.
  9. ↑ Campbell, Lorne; Stanton, Sarah C. E. (September 2014). "The Predictive Validity of Ideal Partner Preferences in Relationship Formation: What We Know, What We Don't Know, and Why It Matters: Ideal Preferences and Relationship Initiation". Social and Personality Psychology Compass. 8 (9): 485–494. doi:10.1111/spc3.12126.
  10. ↑ Mason, Corinne Lysandra (2 September 2016). "Tinder and humanitarian hook-ups: the erotics of social media racism". Feminist Media Studies. 16 (5): 822–837. doi:10.1080/14680777.2015.1137339. ISSN 1468-0777.
  11. ↑ Mason, Corinne Lysandra (2016-09-02). "Tinder and humanitarian hook-ups: the erotics of social media racism". Feminist Media Studies. 16 (5): 822–837. doi:10.1080/14680777.2015.1137339. ISSN 1468-0777.
  12. ↑ Meyer, Robinson (2018-08-10). "Dude, She's (Exactly 25 Percent) Out of Your League". The Atlantic. Across the four cities and the thousands of users, consistent patterns around age, race, and education level emerge. White men and Asian women are consistently more desired than other users, while black women rank anomalously lower.
  13. ↑ "Femininity and Dateability: A Look at the Perception of Asian Faces". University of South Carolina. 2020-05-22. Retrieved 2024-02-19.
  14. ↑ Kimura, Keisuke (2023-02-09). "(Un)Matched: Racialized Narratives of U.S.-Based Japanese Men, Masculinity, and Heterosexuality in Online Dating Apps". Communication Etds. Where Asian men have been denied masculinity, Asian women have been hyperfeminized. Whereas Asian men have been marked as sexually undesirable because of their race, Asian women have been marked as sexual prizes for white male consumption and, because of their alleged hyperfemininity, more sexually desirable than white women.5
  15. ↑ Flockhart, T.R.; Reiter, A.; Hassett, M.R. (2022). The Reproduction and Maintenance of Inequalities in Interpersonal Relationships. Advances in Psychology, Mental Health, and Behavioral Studies. IGI Global. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-6684-4130-5.
  16. ↑ "Questioning attitudes to dating across the color line". ScienceDaily. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  17. ↑ Chappetta, Kelsey; Barth, Joan (2022-06-01). "Interracial Dating: A Closer Look at Race and Gender Differences in Heterosexual Dating Preferences". Sexuality & Culture. 26 (3): 1060–1073. doi:10.1007/s12119-021-09931-9. ISSN 1936-4822. S2CID 245860756.
  18. ↑ Heffernan, Marie E.; Chong, Jia Y.; Fraley, R. Chris (September 2019). "Are People Attracted to Others Who Resemble Their Opposite-Sex Parents? An Examination of Mate Preferences and Parental Ethnicity Among Biracial Individuals". Social Psychological and Personality Science. 10 (7): 856–863. doi:10.1177/1948550618794679. ISSN 1948-5506. S2CID 150136266.
  19. ↑ Allen, Courtney K.; Uskul, Ayse K. (2019-01-01). "Preference for dating out-group members: Not the same for all out-groups and cultural backgrounds". International Journal of Intercultural Relations. 68: 55–66. doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2018.11.002. ISSN 0147-1767. S2CID 149949292.
  20. ↑ Walton, Alice G. (5 November 2014). "Is Race a Factor in Dating?". Chicago Booth Review. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  21. ↑ Martin, Sharon (22 October 2020). "6 Tips for Ending a Cycle of Unhealthy Relationships". Psychology Today. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  22. ↑ Zayas, Vivian; Shoda, Yuichi (January 2007). "Predicting Preferences for Dating Partners From Past Experiences of Psychological Abuse: Identifying the Psychological Ingredients of Situations". Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 33 (1): 123–138. doi:10.1177/0146167206293493. ISSN 0146-1672. PMID 17178935. S2CID 15335413.
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