Frieda Zames

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Frieda Zames (October 29, 1932 – June 16, 2005) was an American disability rights activist and mathematics professor.[1] With her sister, Doris Zames Fleischer, Zames wrote The Disability Rights Movement: From Charity to Confrontation,[2] a historical survey that has been used as a disability rights textbook.[3]

Life and career

Zames was born on October 29, 1932, in Brooklyn and died on June 16, 2005, in Manhattan.[3] Disabled by a childhood bout of polio, Zames was institutionalized for many years. Because of institutionalization and the school system's automatic placement of physically disabled students in non-rigorous academic tracks, Zames was mostly self-taught, according to friends.[4] Zames earned an undergraduate degree from Brooklyn College where she was Phi Beta Kappa.[4] Zames' mother accompanied her to college every day and carried her books.[4] Zames, then her family's breadwinner, worked as an actuary at MetLife,[3] then went on to earn a doctorate in mathematics from New York University.[1] In 1966 Zames was hired by the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) in Newark,[3] where she taught classes ranging from remedial to graduate level.[4] She retired with the title associate professor of Mathematics Emeritus in 2000.[3] Zames' activism began in the 1970s, when she joined the disability rights group Disabled in Action and began to use a motorized scooter, which enabled her to travel to protests more easily.[3] In one of her first demonstrations, she joined a group of paraplegic activists in surrounding a Metropolitan Transportation Authority bus during rush hour to protest its lack of wheelchair access,[3] part of a campaign which ultimately resulted in all MTA buses being fitted in wheelchair lifts beginning in 1981.[5] Once the Americans with Disabilities Act took effect, Zames joined in a successful lawsuit to make the Empire State Building accessible.[3] She also participated in campaigns to make the school at which she taught, NJIT, wheelchair accessible.[4] Other work focused on curb cuts, restaurants, subways, ferries, public restrooms and public buildings.[1] Zames' activism included civil disobedience, litigation and advocacy literature to obtain full participation in public life for disabled people.[3]

Awards and honors

Zames won the George Pólya Award of the Mathematical Association of America in 1978, for her work describing the Schwarz lantern, a shape demonstrating that the area of smooth surfaces cannot be accurately approximated by polyhedra that are close to the surface.[6] The corner of First Avenue and East 4th Street in Manhattan was named Frieda Zames Way in 2009 in her honor.[7]

References

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Fox, Margalit (June 17, 2005). "Frieda Zames, 72, Advocate for Disabled, Dies". New York Times. Retrieved 18 July 2012.
  2. ↑ Fleischer, Doris Zames; Zames, Frieda (2003). The Disability Rights Movement: From Charity to Confrontation. Temple University Press. ISBN 1-56639-812-6. Reviews:
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Gibson, Alexandra (June 17, 2005). "Frieda Zames, 73, Disabled Activist Urged Accessible Transportation". New York Sun. Retrieved 18 July 2012.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Guarino, Beth (August 2005). "Frieda Zames, Tireless Advocate, Dies". New York Able. Retrieved 18 July 2012.
  5. ↑ Moakley, Terry. "Independence Today". Retrieved 18 July 2012.[permanent dead link‍]
  6. ↑ "Surface Area and the Cylinder Area Paradox". Writing Awards. Mathematical Association of America. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  7. ↑ Keller, Emily. "Street Named for Frieda Zames, Advocate for Accessibility". Retrieved 18 July 2012.
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