Grand admiral
| Naval officer ranks |
|---|
| Flag officers |
| Senior officers |
| Junior officers |
Grand admiral is a historic naval rank, the highest rank in the several European navies that used it. It is best known for its use in Germany as Großadmiral. A comparable rank in modern navies is that of admiral of the fleet.
Austria-Hungary
| Grand admiral | |
|---|---|
| File:Habsburg Groß-Admiral’s Flag (1853).svg Command flag | |
| File:KUK-Navy-Großadmiral.svg Sleeve insignia | |
| Country | File:Flag of Austria-Hungary (1867–1918).svg Austria-Hungary |
| Service branch | File:Austria-Hungary-flag-1869-1914-naval-1786-1869-merchant.svg Austro-Hungarian Navy |
| Formation | 1916 |
| Abolished | 1918 |
| Next lower rank | Admiral |
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The Austrian grand admirals were all members of the Imperial family, except for Anton Haus, the commander of the Austro-Hungarian Navy for part of World War I:[citation needed]
| Portrait | Name (born–died) |
Appointed | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| File:Admiral Anton Haus, Kommandant der k. und k. Flotte.png | Anton Haus (1851–1917) |
12 May 1916 | |
| File:Emperor karl of austria-hungary 1917.png | Kaiser Charles I of Austria (1887–1922) |
1 November 1916 | |
| File:Postcard Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany circa 1910.jpg | Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany (1859–1941) |
22 February 1917 |
France
In Bourbon Restoration France, the rank was an honorific one equivalent to that of marshal in the French Army.[citation needed]
Germany
| Grand admiral Großadmiral | |
|---|---|
| File:Kriegsmarine OF10-Grossadmiral 1945.svg Großadmiral rank flag (1939–1945) | |
| File:Kriegsmarine-Großadmiral (s).gif File:Kriegsmarine-Großadmiral.svg Shoulder board and sleeve | |
| Country | File:Flag of the German Empire.svg German Empire File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg Nazi Germany |
| Service branch | File:War Ensign of Germany 1903-1918.svg Imperial German Navy File:War ensign of Germany (1938–1945).svg Kriegsmarine |
| Rank group | Flag officer |
| Formation | 1901 |
| Abolished | 1945 |
| Next lower rank | Generaladmiral |
| Equivalent ranks | Generalfeldmarschall |
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In the Imperial German Navy, and later in the Kriegsmarine, the rank Großadmiral was the equivalent of a British admiral of the fleet or a United States fleet admiral; as a five-star rank (OF-10). No German army equivalent. Its holders were authorised to carry a baton.[1] The rank was created in 1901 and discontinued in 1945, by which time a total of eight men had been promoted to it. The next most junior rank was Generaladmiral (admiral-general).[citation needed]
Imperial Germany
Before and during World War I, the following were made grand admirals of the Imperial German Navy (Kaiserliche Marine):
| Portrait | Name (born–died) |
Appointed | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| File:Edward VII of the United Kingdom.jpg | King Edward VII of the United Kingdom (1841–1910) |
26 June 1902 | [2] |
| File:Koester, Admiral Hans von, Agence Rol, BNF Gallica.jpg | Hans von Koester (1844–1928) |
28 June 1905 | |
| File:Porträtt av Oscar II i amiralsuniform. 1900-1907. Foto Lars Larsson (Cropped).jpg | King Oscar II of Sweden (1829–1907) |
13 July 1905 | |
| File:Prince Henry of Prussia (1862–1929), brother of Kaiser Wilhelm II.jpg | Prince Henry of Prussia (1862–1929) |
4 September 1909 | |
| File:Bundesarchiv Bild 134-C1743, Alfred von Tirpitz.jpg | Alfred von Tirpitz (1849–1930) |
27 January 1911 | |
| File:Henning von Holtzendorff.jpg | Henning von Holtzendorff (1853–1919) |
31 July 1918 |
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Nazi Germany
Großadmiral was the most senior rank of the Kriegsmarine, immediately senior to Generaladmiral. The rank was reintroduced in 1939 and was only awarded to the Commander-in-Chief of the Kriegsmarine.[citation needed]
| Portrait | Name (born–died) |
Appointed | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1980-128-63, Erich Raeder.jpg | Erich Raeder (1876–1960) |
1 April 1939 | |
| File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1976-127-06A, Karl Dönitz (cropped)(2).jpg | Karl Dönitz (1891–1980) |
30 January 1943 |
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Italy
The rank of grand admiral (Italian: grand'ammiraglio) was created by Benito Mussolini in 1924. It was established primarily to honour Paolo Thaon di Revel, who had been head of the Italian Regia Marina during World War I — he was the only person to be awarded the rank. It was equivalent to marshal of Italy in the army and also marshal of the Air Force.[citation needed]
Peru
In 1967 the rank of Grand Admiral of Peru (Spanish: Gran Almirante del Perú) was awarded posthumously to Miguel Grau Seminario and is equivalent to the army rank of Grand Marshal of Peru.[citation needed]
Sweden
In Sweden the rank of grand admiral was only ever awarded twice. Once to Prince Charles (XIII), who was given the title at birth and which was used by him as the commander of the Swedish Royal Navy and once to crown prince Oscar (I) as a courtesy title to honour his adoptive grandfather, the late king Charles XIII.[3]
Turkey
Grand Admiral (Turkish: Büyük Amiral) is nominally a rank in the Turkish Navy. It is the equivalent of the ranks of field marshal in the Army and Air Force. Since the foundation of the Republic in 1923, no person has held the rank. It is awarded by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey to persons who are holding the rank of admiral and displayed distinguished merit in wartime.[citation needed]
In fiction
Among the grand admirals appearing in fiction and science fiction, one notable figure is Grand Admiral Thrawn of the Star Wars science fiction franchise.[4]
References
- ↑ BROCKHAUS, The encyclopedia in 24 volumes (1796–2001), Volume 9: 3-7653-3660-2, page 164; definition: «Großadmiral»
- ↑ "Latest intelligence - The German Emperor and the King". The Times. No. 36806. London. 28 June 1902. p. 5.
- ↑ "127-128 (Nordisk familjebok / Uggleupplagan. 27. Stockholm-Nynäs järnväg - Syrsor)". runeberg.org (in svenska). 1918. Retrieved 2023-01-23.
- ↑ Trendacosta, Katharine. "Who Is Grand Admiral Thrawn and Why Is His Appearance in Star Wars Rebels So Exciting?". io9.