Heterocrossa exochana

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Heterocrossa exochana
File:Heterocrossa exochana NZAC04231502+1585139138.jpg
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Carposinidae
Genus: Heterocrossa
Species:
H. exochana
Binomial name
Heterocrossa exochana
Synonyms[2]
  • Carposina exochana (Meyrick, 1888)

Heterocrossa exochana is a species of moth in the family Carposinidae. It is endemic to New Zealand and has been observed in the North and South Islands. The larvae of this species feed on the fruits of Muehlenbeckia species. The adult is on the wing from September until May and are attracted to light.

Taxonomy

This species was described by Edward Meyrick in 1888 using material he collected in Nelson in January.[2][3] In 1922 Meyrick classified Heterocrossa as a synonym of the genus Carposina.[4][5] George Hudson, following Meyrick, discussed and illustrated this species in his 1928 publication The Butterflies and Moths of New Zealand under the name Carposina exochana.[6] Later that same year Alfred Philpott examined the genitalia of the males of the species.[7] In 1978 Elwood Zimmerman argued that the genus Heterocrassa should not be a synonym of Carposina as the genitalia of the species within the genus Heterocrassa are distinctive.[4] In 1988 John S. Dugdale assigned the species back to the genus Heterocrossa.[2] The female holotype specimen is held at the Natural History Museum, London.[2]

Description

File:Fig 7 MA I437623 TePapa Plate-XXIV-The-butterflies full (cropped).jpg
Illustration by G. Hudson.

This species was described by Meyrick as follows:

Female. — 21 mm. Head and thorax ochreous-white. Palpi with upper longitudinal half ochreous-white, lower dark fuscous. Antennas, abdomen, and legs ochreous-whitish, anterior legs suffused with dark fuscous. Forewings elongate, scarcely dilated, costa moderately arched, apex round-pointed, hind-margin faintly sinuate, rather strongly oblique ; pale whitish-ochreous ; about ten small irregular scattered black dots in disc ; a subterminal series of irregular cloudy black dots, obsolete towards costa and inner margin : cilia pale whitish-ochreous. Hindwings and cilia ochreous-whitish.[3]

H. exochana can possibly be confused with H. morbida but the male of H. exochana has much longer porrected palpi.[8]

Distribution

H. exochana is endemic to New Zealand and has been observed in both the North and South Islands.[9][1] Other than its type locality of Nelson, H. exochana has been collected in Masterton, Wellington, Christchurch, Dunedin and Invercargill.[6] The species has also been collected in Fiordland[10] and Hawkes Bay.[11] Hudson regarded it as an uncommon species.[6]

Biology and behaviour

The adults of this moth are on the wing from September to May.[6] The adult moths are attracted to light.[6]

Host species

File:Muehlenbeckia australis (G.Forst.) Meisn. (AM AK359802-3).jpg
Larval host Muehlenbeckia australis.

The larvae feed on the fruits of Muehlenbeckia species.[12]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Heterocrossa exochana Meyrick, 1888". www.nzor.org.nz. Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Dugdale, J. S. (1988). "Lepidoptera – annotated catalogue, and keys to family-group taxa" (PDF). Fauna of New Zealand. 14: 1–269. ISBN 0477025188. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 January 2019. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Meyrick, Edward (1888). "Notes on New Zealand Tortricina". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 20: 73–76 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Zimmerman, Elwood (1978). Insects of Hawaii. Vol. 9. Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press. p. 797. hdl:10125/7338. ISBN 9780824804879.
  5. ↑ Meyrick, Edward (1922). "Lepidoptera Heterocera Fam. Carposinidiae". Genera Insectorum. fasc.176–180: 1–235 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Hudson, G. V. (1928). The Butterflies and Moths of New Zealand. Wellington: Ferguson & Osborn Ltd. p. 217. OCLC 25449322.
  7. ↑ No label or title -- debug: Q113369538, Wikidata Q113369538
  8. ↑ No label or title -- debug: Q109393380, p. 120, Wikidata Q109393380
  9. ↑ No label or title -- debug: Q45922947, p. 457, Wikidata Q45922947
  10. ↑ Clarke, Charles E. (1933). "The Lepidoptera of the Te Anau-Manapouri lakes districts". Transactions and Proceedings of the Institute of New Zealand. 63: 112–132.
  11. ↑ Davies, T. H. (1973). "List of Lepidoptera collected in areas surrounding Hastings and Napier". New Zealand Entomologist. 5 (2): 204–216. doi:10.1080/00779962.1973.9723002.
  12. ↑ "PlantSynz - Invertebrate herbivore biodiversity assessment tool: Database". plant-synz.landcareresearch.co.nz. Retrieved 8 July 2018.

External links

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