Human Rights City

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File:UCLG address to the Human Rights Council (2015).jpg
In 2015, the Human Rights Council adopted the A/HRC/30/49 Report "Role of local governments in the promotion and the protection of Human Rights". In the picture, Patrick Braouezec addresses the Council as co-chair of the UCLG Committee on Social Inclusion, Participatory Democracy and Human Rights

A Human Rights City is a municipality that engages with human rights. There are other definitions of human rights city available which are more specific and look at the human rights city from a particular angle. One says that a Human Rights City is a municipality that refers explicitly to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards and/or law in their policies, statements, and programs. Another definition states that a Human Rights City is 'a city which is organised around norms and principles of human rights'.[1] This sociological definition emphasises the Human Rights City as a process to which to a varying degree a variety of agents contribute: from activists, experts and academics to international organisations, state governments, and local authorities and officials. Also, this definition does not qualify human rights as international, based on the fact that cities sometimes articulate human rights in their own charters in ways that have no formal or immediate recognition in international law, and may anticipate their appropriation by international bodies and incorporation into international law. The author claims that this definition captures better the different ways in which cities engage with human rights and participate in their co-production, not simply as receivers but also agents of human rights. Analysts have observed growing numbers of such cities since 2000.[2][3][4] Human Rights Cities do not always identify themselves as such but they are often called Human Rights Cities based on the fact that they engage with human rights. Broadly speaking, Human Rights Cities emerged in the late 1990s from the global human rights movement as well as the municipal movement. They reflect efforts of both activist groups and local government officials to improve respect for human rights principles at the local or community level. Because of their focus on local contexts, Human Rights Cities tend to emphasize economic, social, and cultural rights as they affect the lives of residents of cities and other communities and their ability to enjoy civil and political human rights. The human rights city concept is also intertwined with other innovations in human rights practice arisen at the local level, such as the Right to the City.[5] Human rights advocates describe a Human Rights City as “One whose residents and local authorities, through learning about the relevance of human rights to their daily lives (guided by a steering committee), join in ongoing learning, discussions, systematic analysis and critical thinking at the community level, to pursue a creative exchange of ideas and the joint planning of actions to realize their economic, social, political, civil and cultural human rights.”[6] Human rights cities were defined at the 2011 World Human Rights Cities Forum of Gwangju (South Korea) as "both a local community and a socio-political process in a local context where human rights play a key role as fundamental values and guiding principles."[7] The European Charter for the Safeguarding of Human Rights in the City[8] and the Global Charter-Agenda for Human Rights in the City[9] also provided a relevant framework for various practices led different cities across the world.

Cities and international law

Mayer, Margit. 2012. "The 'Right to the City' in Urban Social Movements." pp. 63–85 in Cities for People Not for Profit: Critical Urban Theory and the Right to the City, edited by N. Brenner, P. Marcuse and M. Mayer. New York: Routledge. </ref> How cities implement human rights ideals varies from city to city. This allows for each city to develop a plan that is specific to its capacities, needs, problems, and concerns. Formally designated “Human Rights Cities” typically create a leadership body made up of community activists, residents, and public officials (or their appointees) working in partnership.[10] Other cities may adopt human rights language and standards without officially adopting the name of Human Rights City. For instance, Barcelona is a leading human right city in Europe, and it created an Office of Non-Discrimination to implement the EU anti-racial discrimination policy within its borders as part of becoming a Human Rights City.[10] San Francisco is another such example, since its 1998 adoption of a city ordinance[11] reflecting the principles of the Convention for the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women. The San Francisco example has helped shape work by activists organizing a “Cities for CEDAW”[12] campaign to convince cities around the United States to implement the CEDAW convention despite the failure of the national government to ratify the treaty.

Africa

Asia

Europe

North America

South America

See also

References

  1. ↑ Grigolo, Michele (2019-04-11). The Human Rights City. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge advances in sociology: Routledge. p. 5. doi:10.4324/9781315628530. ISBN 978-1-315-62853-0. S2CID 159156185.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  2. ↑ Grigolo, Michele (2011). "Incorporating Cities into the Eu Anti-Discrimination Policy: Between Race Discrimination and Migrant Rights". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 34 (10): 1751–69. doi:10.1080/01419870.2010.538422. S2CID 143622759.
  3. ↑ "Towards a Decentralization of Human Rights: The Rise of Human Rights Cities" (PDF). Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  4. ↑ "About this Work Area | CISDP". uclg-cisdp.org. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  5. ↑ "About this Work Area | CISDP". uclg-cisdp.org. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  6. ↑ "Human Rights Learning and Human Rights Cities. Achievements Report" (PDF). Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  7. ↑ "2011 World Human Rights Cities Forum" (PDF). Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  8. ↑ UCLG-CSIPDHR. "European Charter for the Safeguarding of Human Rights in the City" (PDF).
  9. ↑ UCLG-CSIPDHR (2011). "Global Charter-Agenda for Human Rights in the City" (PDF).
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Karen, Dolan (March 2009). "Human Rights City Toolkit". Institute for Policy Studies. Retrieved 2016-02-23.
  11. ↑ "Cities for CEDAW | Department on the Status of Women". sfgov.org. Archived from the original on 2016-03-08. Retrieved 2016-02-25.
  12. ↑ "Cities for CEDAW". citiesforcedaw.org. Retrieved 2016-02-25.
  13. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :4
  14. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :5
  15. ↑ "Declaration of Bandung Human Rights City". fihrrst.org. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  16. ↑ "Leitbild der Stadt Nürnberg" (PDF). Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  17. ↑ "Willkommen in Graz!". Archived from the original on 2017-08-21. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  18. ↑ "Barcelona Ciutat de Drets" (PDF). City Council of Barcelona.
  19. ↑ "Barcelona, ciutat de drets | Drets de Ciutadania i Diversitat | Ajuntament de Barcelona". ajuntament.barcelona.cat (in català). Retrieved 2018-06-14.
  20. ↑ Garcia, Jordi. "Barcelona es vol situar com a referent de la defensa dels drets humans amb 10 accions" (in español). Archived from the original on 2017-04-28. Retrieved 2018-06-14.
  21. ↑ "Plan Estratégico de Derechos Humanos del Ayuntamiento de Madrid - Ayuntamiento de Madrid". www.madrid.es (in español). Retrieved 2018-06-14.
  22. ↑ "Un Plan de Derechos Humanos a través de un proceso de consulta y participación - Ayuntamiento de Madrid". www.madrid.es (in español). Retrieved 2018-06-14.
  23. ↑ "Madrid, ciudad comprometida con los derechos humanos". Dominio público (in español). 2016-12-10. Retrieved 2018-06-14.
  24. ↑ "Promoció dels Drets Humans - Ajuntament de Terrassa". www.terrassa.cat (in català). Retrieved 2018-06-14.
  25. ↑ "Vienna as a Human Rights City". City Council of Vienna. Archived from the original on 2016-09-27. Retrieved 2016-09-18.
  26. ↑ "Local Human Rights in Utrecht". humanrightsutrecht.blogspot.be (in Nederlands). Retrieved 2018-06-14.
  27. ↑ "Human Rights City Declaration - York Human Rights City". York Human Rights City (Pending removal for human rights breaches by council). Retrieved 2018-06-14.
  28. ↑ "Lund Becomes Sweden's First Human Rights City". Raoul Wallenberg Institute of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law. 3 September 2018. Retrieved 2018-11-11.
  29. ↑ "Boston: Human Rights City". Spare Change News. 2012-07-27. Retrieved 2019-07-09.
  30. ↑ BearPaw Legal Education & Resource Centre (2015-10-16). BearPaw Newswire (October 9 - 16, 2015).
  31. ↑ "City of Edina". Archived from the original on 2016-09-18. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  32. ↑ "WHILE TECH LEADERS MEET WITH TRUMP, CITY COUNCIL APPROVES HUMAN RIGHTS CITY RESOLUTION IN SILICON VALLEY" (PDF). Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  33. ↑ "City of Pittsburgh Human Rights Proclamation". American Friends Service Committee. 2011-03-18. Archived from the original on 2019-07-09. Retrieved 2019-07-09.
  34. ↑ "Richmond becomes 'Human Rights City'". Richmond Confidential. 2009-12-01. Retrieved 2019-07-09.
  35. ↑ "Home". Seattle Weekly. Retrieved 2019-07-09.
  36. ↑ "Montevideo reaffirms its commitment to turn the Right to the City into a guiding principle of its urban agenda | CISDP". www.uclg-cisdp.org. Retrieved 2018-06-14.
  • Oomen, Barbara, Martha Davis, and Michele Grigolo. 2016. Global Urban Justice: the Rise of Human Rights Cities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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