List of Earth flybys

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File:Mdis depart anot.ogv
Earth imaged by MESSENGER during its 2005 flyby

List of Earth flybys is a list of cases where spacecraft incidentally performed Earth flybys, typically for a gravity assist to another body.

Spacecraft Organization Date Type Closest Approach Status Notes Image Ref
Giotto
(first pass) 		File:ESA logo simple.svg ESA 2 July 1990 flyby 22,730 km success first Earth flyby, en route to Comet Grigg-Skjellerup [1]
Galileo
(first pass) 		File:NASA logo.svg NASA 8 December 1990 flyby 960 km success gravity assist en route to Jupiter; minimum distance 960 km File:Galileo Preparations - GPN-2000-000672.jpg [2]
Sakigake
(first pass) 		Japan ISAS 8 January 1992 flyby 88,790 km success previously visited Halley's comet File:Sakigake.gif [3]
Suisei Japan ISAS 20 August 1992 flyby failure failure previously visited Halley's comet; hydrazine depleted, further planned comet flybys abandoned File:Suisei.gif [4]
Galileo
(second pass) 		File:NASA logo.svg NASA 8 December 1992 flyby 303 km success gravity assist en route to Jupiter File:Galileo Preparations - GPN-2000-000672.jpg [5]
Sakigake
(second and third passes) 		Japan ISAS 14 June 1993 flyby File:Sakigake.gif [6]
28 October 1994 flyby out of fuel; telemetry contact lost November 1995
NEAR Shoemaker File:NASA logo.svg NASA 23 January 1998 flyby 540 km success gravity assist en route to Eros File:NEARCraft.jpg [7]
Nozomi
(first pass) 		Japan ISAS 20 December 1998 flyby 1000 km partial success gravity assist on planned mission to Mars; valve malfunction during flyby required extra burn, which later forced alternate trajectory plan [8]
Giotto
(second pass) 		File:ESA logo simple.svg ESA 1 July 1999 flyby failure n/a already defunct [1]
Cassini File:NASA logo.svg NASA
File:ESA logo simple.svg ESA
File:Agenzia Spaziale Italiana.svg ASI 		18 August 1999 flyby 1171 km success gravity assist en route to Saturn File:Cassini assembly.jpg [9]
Stardust
(first pass) 		File:NASA logo.svg NASA 15 January 2001 flyby 6000 km success gravity assist en route to comet 81P/Wild File:Stardust - Concepcao artistica.jpg [10]
Nozomi
(second pass) 		Japan ISAS December, 2002 flyby 11,000 km success gravity assist en route to Mars [8]
Nozomi
(third pass) 		Japan ISAS 19 June 2003 flyby 1000 km success gravity assist en route to Mars [8]
Hayabusa Japan ISAS 19 May 2004 flyby 20,000 km success en route to Itokawa File:Hayabusa(Muses-C) sampling.jpg [11]
Rosetta
(first pass) 		File:ESA logo simple.svg ESA 4 March 2005 flyby 1950 km success gravity assist en route to asteroid and comet encounters File:Rosetta.jpg [12]
MESSENGER File:NASA logo.svg NASA 2 August 2005 flyby 2348 km success en route to Venus and Mercury File:Messenger.jpg [13]
Stardust
(second pass) 		File:NASA logo.svg NASA 15 January 2006 flyby success drop-off of sample return capsule File:Stardust - Concepcao artistica.jpg [10]
Rosetta
(second pass) 		File:ESA logo simple.svg ESA 13 November 2007 flyby success gravity assist en route to asteroid and comet encounters
Deep Impact (redesignated EPOXI) (first pass) File:NASA logo.svg NASA 31 December 2007[14] flyby 15,567 success previously visited Comet 9P/Tempel; gravity assist en route to encounter with Comet 103P/Hartley File:Deep Impact.jpg [15]
Deep Impact (redesignated EPOXI) (second pass) File:NASA logo.svg NASA December 2008[14][16] flyby 43,450 km success gravity assist File:Deep Impact.jpg [15]
Stardust
(third pass) 		File:NASA logo.svg NASA 14 January 2009 flyby 9200 km success[17] mission extension to Comet 9P/Tempel; minimum distance 9200 km File:Stardust - Concepcao artistica.jpg [10]
Rosetta
(third pass) 		File:ESA logo simple.svg ESA 13 November 2009 flyby success gravity assist en route to asteroid and comet encounters
Deep Impact (redesignated EPOXI) (third pass) File:NASA logo.svg NASA June 2009[14] distant flyby success File:Deep Impact.jpg [15]
Deep Impact (redesignated EPOXI) (fourth pass) File:NASA logo.svg NASA December 2009[14][16] distant flyby success File:Deep Impact.jpg [15]
Deep Impact (redesignated EPOXI) (fifth pass) File:NASA logo.svg NASA June 2010[14] flyby 36,900 km success File:Deep Impact.jpg [15]
Juno File:NASA logo.svg NASA 9 October 2013 flyby 559 km success gravity assist en route to Jupiter File:Juno in front of Jupiter.jpg 2011-040A
Hayabusa2 File:Jaxa logo.svg JAXA 3 December 2015 flyby success gravity assist en route to Asteroid 162173 Ryugu 2014-076A
PROCYON Japan University of Tokyo
File:Jaxa logo.svg JAXA 		3 December 2015[18] flyby success was en route to Asteroid 2000 DP107 but mission abandoned[19] 2014-076D
Shin'en 2 Japan Kyutech 4 December 2015[20] flyby success 2014-076B
OSIRIS-REx File:NASA logo.svg NASA 22 September 2017[21] flyby 17,237 km success Gravity assist en route to Asteroid 101955 Bennu File:OSIRIS-REx spacecraft model.png 2016-055A
BepiColombo File:ESA logo simple.svg ESA
File:Jaxa logo.svg JAXA 		10 April 2020 flyby 12,700 km success Gravity assist en route to Venus and Mercury BEPICLMBO
Solar Orbiter File:ESA logo simple.svg ESA 26 November 2021 flyby 455 km success Gravity assist en route to inclined heliocentric orbit 2020-010A
Lucy File:NASA logo.svg NASA 16 October 2022 flyby 360 km success main-belt asteroid flyby en route to Jupiter Trojans File:Lucy-PatroclusMenoetius-art.png 2021-093A
OSIRIS-APEX File:NASA logo.svg NASA 24 September 2023 flyby 779 km success Gravity assist en route to Asteroid 99942 Apophis (OSIRIS-REx mission extension) File:OSIRIS-REx spacecraft model.png 2016-055A

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2012-11-30.
  2. ↑ "Solar System Exploration: : Galileo Legacy Site". 2.jpl.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 2001-04-19. Retrieved 2014-01-29.
  3. ↑ "NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2012-11-30.
  4. ↑ "NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2014-01-29.
  5. ↑ "Solar System Exploration: : Galileo Legacy Site". .jpl.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 2001-04-19. Retrieved 2012-11-30.
  6. ↑ "NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2012-08-20.
  7. ↑ "NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2012-11-30.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2012-11-30.
  9. ↑ "NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2012-11-30.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 "NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2012-11-30.
  11. ↑ "NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2012-11-30.
  12. ↑ "NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2012-11-30.
  13. ↑ "NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2012-11-30.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 "NASA - EPOXI Mission - Mission". Epoxi.umd.edu. Archived from the original on 2009-12-14. Retrieved 2012-08-20.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 "NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2012-11-30.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Solar System Exploration: Missions: By Name: D: Deep Impact-EPOXI". Sse.jpl.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 2012-03-02. Retrieved 2012-11-30.
  17. ↑ "Stardust-NExT: Status Report 2009". Stardustnext.jpl.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 2009-04-02. Retrieved 2012-08-20.
  18. ↑ "PROCYON". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2015-09-23.
  19. ↑ Lakdawalla, Emily (May 8, 2015). "Due to ion engine failure, PROCYON will not fly by an asteroid". Retrieved 2015-09-23.
  20. ↑ "Keiichi Okuyama-Lab". Kyushu Institute of Technology. Retrieved 2015-12-01.
  21. ↑ "NASA'S OSIRIS-REx Spacecraft Slingshots Past Earth". NASA. 2017-09-22. Retrieved 2018-04-26.
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