List of cardiology mnemonics
This is a list of cardiology mnemonics, categorized and alphabetized. For mnemonics in other medical specialities, see this list of medical mnemonics.
Aortic regurgitation: causes
CREAM: Congenital Rheumatic damage Endocarditis Aortic dissection/ Aortic root dilatation Marfan’s
Aortic stenosis characteristics
SAD:[1]p. 29 Syncope Angina Dyspnoea
Aortic to right Subclavian path
ABC'S[1]p. 1 Aortic arch gives rise to: Brachiocephalic trunk Left Common Carotid Left Subclavian
Heart valves (right to left)
Toilet Paper My Ass, or They Pay Me Alcohol, or "T"hugs "P"ush "Me" "A"round. [2] Tricuspid valve Pulmonary semilunar valve Mitral (bicuspid) valve Aortic semilunar valve
Apex beat: abnormalities found on palpation, causes of impalpable
HILT:[1]p. 29 Heaving Impalpable Laterally displaced Thrusting/ Tapping If it's impalpable, causes are COPD:[1]p. 29 COPD Obesity Pleural, Pericardial effusion Dextrocardia
Atrial Arrhythmias
Anticoagulants: To prevent embolization. Beta blockers: To block the effects of certain hormones on the heart to slow the heart rate. Calcium Channel Blockers: Help slow the heart rate by blocking the number of electrical impulses that pass through the AV node into the lower heart chambers (ventricles). Digoxin: Helps slow the heart rate by blocking the number of electrical impulses that pass through the AV node into the lower heart chambers (ventricles). Electrocardioversion: A procedure in which electric currents are used to reset the heart's rhythm back to regular pattern.[3]
Atrial Fibrillation causes
Pirates:[1]p. 3 Pulmonary: PE, COPD Iatrogenic Rheumatic heart: mitral regurgitation Atherosclerotic: MI, CAD Thyroid: hyperthyroid Endocarditis Sick sinus syndrome
Atrial fibrillation management
ABCD:[1]p. 30 Anti-coagulate Beta-block to control rate Cardiovert Digoxin
Beck's triad (cardiac tamponade)
3 D's:[1]p. 30 Diminished heart sounds Distended jugular veins Decreased arterial pressure
Betablockers: cardioselective betablockers
Betablockers Acting Exclusively At Myocardium:[1]p. 30 Betaxolol Acebutelol Esmolol Atenolol Metoprolol
CHF Treatment
LMNOP Lasix Morphine Nitrites Oxygen VassoPressors[4]
CHF: causes of exacerbation
FAILURE[1]p. 30 Forgot medication Arrhythmia/ Anaemia Ischemia/ Infarction/ Infection Lifestyle: taken too much salt Upregulation of CO: pregnancy, hyperthyroidism Renal failure Embolism: pulmonary
Complications of Myocardial Infarction
Darth Vader Death Arrhythmia Rupture(free ventricular wall/ ventricular septum/ papillary muscles) Tamponade Heart failure (acute or chronic) Valve disease Aneurysm of Ventricles Dressler's Syndrome thromboEmbolism (mural thrombus) Recurrence/ mitral Regurgitation[5]
Coronary artery bypass graft: indications
DUST:[1]p. 31 Depressed ventricular function Unstable angina Stenosis of the left main stem Triple vessel disease
ECG: left vs. right bundle block
WiLLiaM MaRRoW:[1]p. 31 W pattern in V1-V2 and M pattern in V3-V6 is Left bundle block. M pattern in V1-V2 and W in V3-V6 is Right bundle block.
Exercise ramp ECG: contraindications
RAMP:[1]p. 31 Recent MI Aortic stenosis MI in the last 7 days Pulmonary hypertension
Endocarditis
FROM JANE: Fever Roth's spots Osler's nodes Murmur of heart Janeway lesions Anemia
Emboli
Heart valve sequence
Try Puling My Aorta:[1]p. 3 Tricuspid Pulmonary Mitral (bicuspid) Aorta
Heart blocks
If the R is far from P, then you have a First Degree. Longer, longer, longer, drop! Then you have a Wenkebach. if some P's don't get through, then you have Mobitz II. If P's and Q's don't agree, then you have a Third Degree.[6]
Infarctions
INFARCTIONS[1]p. 34 IV access Narcotic analgesics (e.g. morphine, pethidine) Facilities for defibrillation (DF) Aspirin/ Anticoagulant (heparin) Rest Converting enzyme inhibitor Thrombolysis IV beta blocker Oxygen 60% Nitrates Stool Softeners
JVP: wave form
ASK ME[1]p. 32 Atrial contraction Systole (ventricular contraction) Klosure (closure) of tricuspid valve, so atrial filling Maximal atrial filling Emptying of atrium
MI: basic management
BOOMAR:[1]p. 32 Bed rest Oxygen Opiate Monitor Anticoagulate Reduce clot size
MI: signs and symptoms
PULSE:[1]p. 32 Persistent chest pains Upset stomach Lightheadedness Shortness of breath Excessive sweating
MI: therapeutic treatment
O BATMAN![1]p. 32 Oxygen Beta blocker ASA Thrombolytics (e.g. heparin) Morphine Ace prn Nitroglycerin
MI: treatment of acute MI
COAG:[1]p. 32 Cyclomorph Oxygen Aspirin Glycerol trinitrate
Murmur attributes
"IL PQRST" (person has ill PQRST heart waves):[1]p. 32 Intensity Loccasion Pitch Quality Radiation Shape Timing
Murmurs: innocent murmur features
8 S's:[1]p. 32 Soft Systolic Short Sounds (S1 & S2) normal Symptomless Special tests normal (X-ray, EKG) Standing/ Sitting (vary with position) Sternal depression
Murmurs: louder with inspiration vs expiration
LEft sided murmurs louder with Expiration RIght sided murmurs louder with Inspiration.[1]p. 32
Murmurs: questions to ask
SCRIPT:[1]p. 32 Site Character (e.g. harsh, soft, blowing) Radiation Intensity Pitch Timing
Murmurs: systolic vs. diastolic
PASS:Pulmonic & Aortic Stenosis=Systolic. PAID: Pulmonic & Aortic Insufficiency=Diastolic.[1]p. 32
Pericarditis: causes
CARDIAC RIND:[1]p. 34 Collagen vascular disease Aortic aneurysm Radiation Drugs (such as hydralazine) Infections Acute renal failure Cardiac infarction Rheumatic fever Injury Neoplasms Dressler's syndrome
Pericarditis: EKG
PericarditiS:[1]p. 34 PR depression in precordial leads. ST elevation.
Peripheral vascular insufficiency: inspection criteria
SICVD:[1]p. 34 Symmetry of leg musculature Integrity of skin Color of toenails Varicose veins Distribution of hair
Pulseless electrical activity: causes
PATCH MED:[1]p. 34 Pulmonary embolus Acidosis Tension pneumothorax Cardiac tamponade Hypokalemia/ Hyperkalemia/ Hypoxia/ Hypothermia/ Hypovolemia Myocardial infarction Electrolyte derangements Drugs
ST elevation causes in ECG
ELEVATION:[1]p. 34 Electrolytes LBBB Early repolarization Ventricular hypertrophy Aneurysm Treatment (e.g. pericardiocentesis) Injury (AMI, contusion) Osborne waves (hypothermia) Non-occlusive vasospasm
Supraventricular tachycardia: treatment
ABCDE:[1]p. 35 Adenosine Beta-blocker Calcium channel antagonist Digoxin Excitation (vagal stimulation)
Ventricular tachycardia: treatment
LAMB:[1]p. 35 Lidocaine Amiodarone Mexiltene/ Magnesium Beta-blocker
White Blood Cell Count
Never let monkeys eat bananas: Neutrophils lymphocytes monocytes eosinophils basophils[7]
References
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 "Anatomy" (PDF). medicalmnemonics.com. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
- ↑ Mega List of Mnemonics for Nurses & Nursing Students. Examville Study Guides. 2010.
- ↑ Pharmacology nursing mnemonics
- ↑ Myers, Jeffrey W.; Neighbors, Marianne; Tannehill-Jones, Ruth (2002). Principles of Pathophysiology and Emergency Medical Care. Cengage Learning. p. 144. ISBN 9780766825482.
- ↑ "Cardiovascular Mnemonics - Oxford Medical Education". Retrieved 2015-08-23.
- ↑ "The Heart Block Poem". Nurseslabs. tumblr.com.
- ↑ Connie Allen; Valerie Harper (5 January 2011). Laboratory Manual for Anatomy and Physiology. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 418–. ISBN 978-0-470-59890-0.