Top left: Elizabeth II is the longest-reigning female monarch, ruling as Queen of the United Kingdom for 70 years, from 1952 to 2022. Top right: Queen Victoria ruled the United Kingdom for 63 years, from 1837 to 1901; the longest at the time. Bottom left: Wilhelmina , Queen of the Netherlands for 58 years from 1890 to 1948, is the longest-reigning female monarch outside the United Kingdom. Bottom right: Margrethe II was Queen of Denmark for 52 years, from 1972 until her abdication in 2024; she is the most recent female monarch of a sovereign state.
This is a list of current and former female monarchs regardless of title, including queens regnant , empresses regnant, pharaohs and monarchs by other titles (grand duchess, princess, etc.). Consorts, such queens consort (i.e. spouses of male monarchs) are not included, see list of current consorts of sovereigns . Female regents are not included, see list of regents .
The following is an incomplete list of women monarchs who are well known from popular writings, although many ancient and poorly documented ruling monarchs (such as those from Africa and Oceania ) are omitted. Section 1 lists monarchs who ruled in their own right, such as queens regnant . Section 2 lists legendary monarchs. Section 3 lists constituent monarchs: monarchs who ruled in their own right, but had no constitutional standing or regal powers while in power. Section 4 lists various female rulers who were referred to with the title "Chieftainess." Regents, such as queens regent, are not monarchs and are not included in this page. Pretenders to thrones are also not included in this page.
Monarchs
Africa
North Africa
Algeria
Canary Islands
The Canary Islands are Spanish territories of North Africa.
Peraza family
Monarch
Portrait
Title
Reign dates
Length
Ref.
Inés Peraza
–
Queen
1452–1477
25 years
[ 1]
Kingdom of the Canary Islands The title of "King/Queen of the Canary Islands" was included in the list of titles and honours of the Spanish Crown .
Egypt
The first verified female monarch of Egypt is Sobekneferu of the Twelfth dynasty . However, queens from earlier periods such as Neithhotep , Merneith and Khentkaus I held powerful positions and may have ruled Egypt in their own right, but the archaeological evidence is ambiguous.[ 2]
Libya
Sudan
West Africa
Benin
Monarch
State
Reign dates
Length
Ref.
Hude
Hogbonu
1746–1752
6 years
[ 23]
The Gambia
Ghana
Guinea-Bissau
Orango
Roxa
Côte d'Ivoire
Baoule
Pokou (reigned c. 1750 – c. 1760 )[ 29] – Queen and founder of the Baoule tribe.
Akwa Boni (reigned c. 1760 – c. 1790 )[ 29] – Pokou's niece who succeeded her to the throne.
Liberia
Mali
Mali Empire
Nigeria
Daura
The title "Kabara" was used by female monarchs who ruled over the Hausa people in the Middle Ages. A line of matriarchal monarchs is recorded in the Kano Chronicle that ends with the reign of Daurama in the 9th century.[ 31] These queens reigned from c. 700 to c. 1000 .[ 32]
Kufuru
Ginu
Yakumo
Yakunya
Wanzamu
Yanbamu
Gizir-gizir
Inna-Gari
Daurama
Ga-Wata
Shata
Fatatuma
Sai-Da-Mata
Ja-Mata
Ha-Mata
Zama
Sha-Wata
Daurama II
Igodomigodo
Ondo Kingdom
Zazzau
Amina – There is controversy among scholars as to the date of her reign, one school placing her in the mid-15th century, and a second placing her reign in the mid to late 16th century.
Ifẹ
Oyo Empire
Igala Kingdom
Akure Kingdom
Èyé Àró (reigned 1393–1419)
Èyémọ̀ị́n (reigned 1705–1735)
Amọ́robíòjò (reigned 1850–1851)
Senegal
Lingeer 's leadership activities were carried out at the highest tier, as a co-monarch.
Sierra Leone
Koya Temne
Fatima (reigned 1826–1840)[ 34]
Kpa Mende
Central Africa
Angola
Mbunda Kingdom
Kingdom of kongo There were two female monarchs during Kongo Civil War .
Cameroon
Chad
Kanem–Bornu Empire
East Africa
Comoros
Bambao
Itsandra
Bajini
Ethiopia
Kenya
Madagascar
Ambohidratrimo
Menabe
Bemihisatra
Bemazava
Antankarana
Mauritius
Mozambique
Angoche Sultanate
Queen of Angoche, name unknown (reigned in the 16th century) – she succeeded her brother and was succeeded by her husband Molidi[ 42]
Somalia
Somaliland
Sultanate of Ifat
South Sudan
Shilluk Kingdom
Abudok [fr ] , the eighth ruler (and only queen) of the Shilluk.[ 44]
Tanzania
Unguja
Pemba Island
Tumbatu Island
Kua
Mikindani
Uganda
Southern Africa
Malawi
Namibia
South Africa
Elizabeth II (reigned 1952–1961)
AmaMpondomise
Lobedu people
The Modjadji or Rain Queen is the hereditary queen of Lobedu , the people of the Limpopo Province of South Africa . The succession to the position of Rain Queen is matrilineal , meaning that the Queen's eldest daughter is the heir, and that males are not entitled to inherit the throne at all. The Rain Queen is believed to have special powers, including the ability to control the clouds and rainfall .
Zambia
Zimbabwe
The Americas
North America
Canada
Mexico
Coba
Ecatepec
Palenque
File:ZacKukProfile.jpg Sak Kʼukʼ
Tepetlaoztoc
Azcasuch (reigned in the late 15th–early 16th century)
Toltec Empire
Toniná
Tzacoalco
Mixtec
Central America
Belize
Elizabeth II (reigned 1981–2022)
Pusilha
Guatemala
El Perú
La Florida
Naranjo
Tikal
The Caribbean
West Indies
Monarch
Portrait
Title
State
Start of reign
End of reign
Length
Ref.
Elizabeth II
File:Queen Elizabeth II official portrait for 1959 tour (retouched) (cropped) (3-to-4 aspect ratio).jpg
Queen
Antigua and Barbuda
1 November 1981
8 September 2022
40 years, 311 days
Queen
Bahamas
10 July 1973
8 September 2022
49 years, 60 days
Queen
Barbados
30 November 1966
30 November 2021
55 years, 0 days
Queen
Grenada
7 February 1974
8 September 2022
48 years, 213 days
Queen
Jamaica
6 August 1962
8 September 2022
60 years, 33 days
Queen
Saint Kitts and Nevis
19 September 1983
8 September 2022
38 years, 354 days
Queen
Saint Lucia
22 February 1979
8 September 2022
43 years, 198 days
Queen
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
27 October 1979
8 September 2022
42 years, 316 days
Queen
Trinidad and Tobago
31 August 1962
1 August 1976
13 years, 130 days
South America
Brazil
Maria I (reigned as Queen of Brazil 1815–1816) – she was also Queen of Portugal in 1777–1816
Ecuador
Guyana
Peru
Suriname
Asia
East Asia
China
Eastern Kingdom of Women [zh ] In Tibet , there was Nüguo (Chinese : 女國 , lit. "Kingdom of Women"), also known as Dong nüguo (Chinese : 東女國 , lit. "Eastern Kingdom of Women"), related to the tribe Sumpa .[ 60] Several queens regnant of there were recorded in Chinese history books.
Wuman
Japan
Korea
South Asia
Bangladesh
Monarch
Portrait
Title
State
Start of reign
End of reign
Length
Kalindi
–
Rani
Chakma Circle
1832
1873
41 years
India
Monarch
Portrait
Title
State
Start of reign
End of reign
Length
Ref.
Tribhuvana Mahadevi I
–
Queen
Bhauma-Kara dynasty
845
850
5 years
Tribhuvana Mahadevi II
–
Queen
Bhauma-Kara dynasty
890
896
6 years
[ 74]
Tribhuvana Mahadevi III
–
Queen
Bhauma-Kara dynasty
896
905
9 years
[ 75]
Sugandha
–
Queen
Utpala dynasty
904
906
2 years
Gauri Mahadevi
–
Queen
Bhauma-Kara dynasty
c. 910
c. 916
c. 6 years
Dandi Mahadevi
–
Queen
Bhauma-Kara dynasty
c. 916
c. 936
c. 20 years
Vakula Mahadevi
–
Queen
Bhauma-Kara dynasty
c. 936
c. 940
c. 4 years
Dharma Mahadevi
–
Queen
Bhauma-Kara dynasty
c. 940
c. 950
c. 10 years
Didda
–
Queen
Utpala dynasty
980
1003
23 years
Razia Sultana
File:Equestrian miniature painting of Razia Sultana, circa 18th century.jpg
Sultana
Delhi Sultanate
19 November 1236
20 April 1240
3 years, 153 days
Rudrama Devi
File:Rudramadevi.jpg
Queen
Kakatiya dynasty
c. 1262
November 1289
c. 27 years
Ballamahadevi
–
Maharajadhiraja
Alupa dynasty
1275
1292
17 years
Kota Rani
–
Maharani
Lohara dynasty
1338
1339
1 year
Lakhima Devi
–
Queen
Oiniwar dynasty
1416
1428
12 years
[ 76]
Visvasa Devi
–
Queen
Oiniwar dynasty
1431
1443
12 years
[ 77]
Abbakka Chowta
File:Abbakka Chowta 2023 stamp of India.jpg
Queen
Ullal
1525
1570
45 years
Chennabhairadevi
–
Rani
Gerusoppa
1552
1606
54 years
[ 78]
Keladi Chennamma
–
Rani
Keladi Nayaka Kingdom
1672
1697
25 years
Ali Raja Bibi Harrabichi Kadavube
–
Arakkal Beevi
Arakkal kingdom
1728
1732
4 years
Ali Raja Bibi Junumabe I
–
Arakkal Beevi
Arakkal kingdom
1732
1745
13 years
Sujana Bai
File:Sujana Bai.jpg
Rani
Thanjavur Maratha kingdom
1737
1738
1 year
Virammaji
–
Rani
Keladi Nayaka Kingdom
1757
1763
6 years
Ahilyabai Holkar
File:Ahilyabai Holkar 1996 stamp of India.jpg
Maharani
Indore State
1 December 1767
13 August 1795
27 years, 255 days
Ali Raja Bibi Junumabe II
–
Arakkal Beevi
Arakkal kingdom
1777
1819
42 years
Velu Nachiyar
File:Velu Nachchiyar 2008 stamp of India.jpg
Rani
Sivaganga estate
c. 1780
c. 1790
c. 10 years
Daya Kaur
–
Rani
Nishanwalia Misl
1786
1808
22 years
[ 79]
1809
1823
14 years
Vellacci
–
Rani
Sivaganga estate
c. 1790
c. 1793
c. 3 years
Devammaji
–
Rani
Kingdom of Coorg
1809
1811
2 years
[ 80]
Gowri Lakshmi Bayi
File:Sree Padmanabhasevini Maharani Gowri Lakshmi Bayi.jpg
Maharani
Travancore kingdom
7 November 1810
1813
3 years
Qudsia Begum
File:Qudsia Begum regnante di Bhopal.jpg
Nawab Begum
Bhopal State
1819
1837
18 years
[ 81]
Mohan Kumari
–
Rani
Sambalpur State
1827
1833
6 years
[ 82]
Shah Jahan Begum
File:Sultan Shah Jahan, 1872 (Begum of Bhopal).jpg
Nawab Begum
Bhopal State
1844
30 September 1860
14 years
30 October 1868
16 June 1901
32 years, 229 days
Sikandar Begum
File:Sikandar Begum Bhopal.jpg
Nawab Begum
Bhopal State
30 September 1860
30 October 1868
8 years, 30 days
Victoria
File:Queen Victoria -Golden Jubilee -3a cropped.JPG
Empress
British Raj
1 May 1876
22 January 1901
24 years, 266 days
Sultan Jahan
File:Sultan Kaikhusrau Jahan, Begum of Bhopal.jpg
Nawab Begum
Bhopal State
16 June 1901
20 April 1926
24 years, 308 days
Prafulla Kumari Devi
–
Rani
Bastar State
23 November 1922
28 February 1936
13 years, 97 days
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Elizabeth II (reigned 1952–1956)
Assacani
Gilgit
Kanhaiya Misl
Soomra dynasty
Hamoon (reigned 1107) – she occupied the throne after her husband Sanghar's death, but was soon crushed by the nobles[ 85]
Sri Lanka
Southeast Asia
Cambodia
Indonesia
Laos
Myanmar
Hanthawaddy
Sandoway
Waithali
Laihka State
Philippines
Kingdom of Tondo
Kingdom of Maynila
Queen of Maynila, name unknown (reigned c. 1521 ) – she succeeded her husband Salalila and was succeeded by her son Matanda ; according to oral traditions, her name is "Ysmeria"
Sultanate of Sulu
Thailand
Hariphunchai
Pattani
Lanna
Timor-Leste
There were many chiefdoms on Timor , but according to the hierarchy among the Timorese domains, the ruler of Sonbai of West Timor, the ruler of Wehali of Central Timor, and the ruler of Likusaen (today: Liquiçá ) of East Timor were three paramount rulers of Timor.[ 105]
Liquiçá
Vietnam
West Asia
Iran
Iraq
Israel and Palestine
Jordan
Gileadite
Nabatea
Lebanon
Tripoli The County of Tripoli was an autonomous state.[ 108]
Saudi Arabia
Bāzu
Iapa, queen of the city Dihrani – Esarhaddon conquered eight kings and queens of the land Bāzu[ 109]
Baslu, queen of the city Ihilum – Esarhaddon conquered eight kings and queens of the land Bāzu[ 109]
Qedarite
Zabibe (reigned c. 750 –735 BC)
Samsi (reigned c. 735 –710 BC)
Yatie (reigned c. 710 –695 BC)
Te'el-hunu (reigned c. 695 –690 BC)
Tabua (reigned c. 678 –675 BC)
Syria
Tanukhids
Mavia (reigned 375–425) – "The Queen of the Arabs"
Seleucid Empire
Palmyrene Empire
Zenobia (reigned 272) – she ruled mostly as regent for her son but reigned briefly under the regnal name Septimia Zenobia Augusta in 272.
Turkey
Antioch The Principality of Antioch was an autonomous state.[ 108]
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
File:Hetoum and Zabel.jpeg Isabella of Armenia
Caria
Dardania
Heraclea Pontica
Pontus
Olba Kingdom
Prusias ad Mare
Saltukid dynasty
Trebizond
Yemen
Sulayhid dynasty
Asma bint Shihab (reigned 1047–1087) – she was the co-ruler of Yemen in co-regency with her cousin and spouse, Ali al-Sulayhi , and later her son, Ahmad al-Mukkaram, and daughter-in-law, Arwa al-Sulayhi. Though there were many female monarchs in the Muslim world, Asma bint Shihab and Arwa al-Sulayhi were the only female monarchs in the Arab world to have had the khutba proclaimed in their name in the mosques as sovereigns.
Arwa al-Sulayhi (reigned 1067–1138) – she ruled Yemen firstly with her first two husbands and her mother-in-law and then as sole ruler. She was the greatest of the rulers of the Sulayhid Dynasty and was also the first woman to be accorded the prestigious title of hujja in Isma'ili branch of Shi'a Islam , signifying her as the closest living image of God's will in her lifetime.
Central Asia
Afghanistan
Queen of Greater Yuezhi , name unknown (reigned in the 2nd century BC) – after the king of the Greater Yuezhi was killed by the Xiongnu , his wife became the new monarch of Greater Yuezhi[ 110] [ 111]
Uzbekistan
North Asia
Siberia
Europe
Central Europe
Austria, Hungary, Croatia, and Czechia
Marcomanni
Poland and Lithuania
Eastern Europe
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Kingdom of Hereti
Georgia
Russia
Sabir people
Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus
Blue Horde
Khanate of Qasim
Northern Europe
Denmark, Norway and Sweden
Agder
Western Europe
Luxembourg and Belgium
Burgundian Netherlands
Spanish Netherlands
Austrian Netherlands
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Netherlands
Monaco
United Kingdom and Ireland
Monarch
Portrait
Title
State
Start of reign
End of reign
Length
Ref.
Cartimandua
File:Cartimandua.jpg
Queen
Brigantes
c. 43
c. 69
c. 25 years
Boudica
File:Queen Boudica by John Opie.jpg
Queen
Iceni
c. 60
c. 61
c. 1 year
Seaxburh
–
Queen
Wessex
c. 672
c. 674
c. 2 years
Æthelflæd
File:Æthelflæd as depicted in the cartulary of Abingdon Abbey.png
Lady
Mercia
911
918
c. 7 years
Ælfwynn
–
Lady
Mercia
12 June 918
4 December 918
175 days
Matilda
File:Empress Matilda.png
Lady (disputed )
England
8 April 1141
1148
c. 7 years
[ 115]
Margaret
File:Margaret, Maid of Norway.jpg
Queen (disputed )
Scotland
19 March 1286
September 1290
4 years, 6 months
Mary
File:François Clouet - Mary, Queen of Scots (1542-87) - Google Art Project.jpg
Queen
Scotland
14 December 1542
24 July 1567
24 years, 222 days
Jane
File:Streathamladyjayne.jpg
Queen (disputed )
England
10 July 1553
19 July 1553
9 days
[ 116]
Ireland
Mary I
File:Anthonis Mor 001.jpg
Queen
England
24 July 1553
17 November 1558
5 years, 116 days
Ireland
Elizabeth I
File:Darnley stage 3.jpg
Queen
England
17 November 1558
24 March 1603
44 years, 127 days
Ireland
Mary II
File:Mary II - Kneller 1690.jpg
Queen
England
13 February 1689
28 December 1694
5 years, 318 days
Ireland
Scotland
11 April 1689
5 years, 261 days
Anne
File:Dahl, Michael - Queen Anne - NPG 6187.jpg
Queen
England
8 March 1702
1 May 1707
5 years, 54 days
Scotland
Ireland
1 August 1714
12 years, 146 days
Great Britain
1 May 1707
7 years, 92 days
Victoria
File:Queen Victoria by Bassano.jpg
Queen
United Kingdom
20 June 1837
22 January 1901
63 years, 216 days
Elizabeth II
File:Queen Elizabeth II official portrait for 1959 tour (retouched) (cropped) (3-to-4 aspect ratio).jpg
Queen
United Kingdom
6 February 1952
8 September 2022
70 years, 214 days
Southern Europe
Albania
Bosnia
Bulgaria
Odrysian kingdom
Cyprus
Greece
File:Zoe mosaic Hagia Sophia.jpg Zoe
Aeacid dynasty
Byzantine Empire
Irene of Athens (reigned 797–802) – she normally referred to herself as basilissa (empress), although there are three instances of the title basileus (emperor) being used by her. From 792 she was a co-ruler.
Theodora the Armenian (reigned 842–856, disputed) - after the death of her husband she became the co-ruler of her son but in fact she ruled the empire alone; some historians regard her as an empress regnant rather than just a regent
Thekla (reigned 842–856, disputed), co-ruler of Theodora the Armenian
Zoë Porphyrogenita (reigned 1028–1041 and 1042–1050) – she ruled with her consorts Romanos III and Michael IV between 1028 and 1041; she ruled with her sister Theodora and her third husband Constantine IX from 1042 to 1050
Theodora Porphyrogenita (reigned 1042–1056) – she ruled from 1042 jointly with her sister Zoe and Zoe's third husband Constantine IX; she ruled from 1055 until her own death as sole monarch.
Eudokia Makrembolitissa (reigned 1067, disputed) - after the death of her husband she became a ruler; some historians regard her as an empress regnant rather than just a regent
Epirus
Frankokratia Latin Empire was disestablished in 1261, but Latin states in Greece , also known as Frankokratia , continued to recognize Latin emperors in exile as their overlords until 1383.
Polis
Italy
Ostrogothic Kingdom
Amalasuintha (reigned 534–535) – she ruled first as regent for her son and thereafter as queen regnant in her own right
Sardinian medieval kingdoms
Kingdom of Sicily
Kingdom of Naples
Italian states from the Congress of Vienna to the unification of Italy [it ] The Italian duchies restored by the Congress of Vienna became fully sovereign because the Kingdom of Italy was not restored.
Portugal
Spain and Andorra
Monarch
Portrait
Title
State
Start of reign
End of reign
Length
Ref.
Jimena Díaz
File:1868, Mugeres célebres de España y Portugal, Gimena mujer del Cid, AB195 0363 (cropped).jpg
Princess
Principality of Valencia
1099
1102
Urraca of León and Castile
File:UrracaRegina TumboA.jpg
Empress
Hispania
30 June 1109
8 March 1126
16 years, 251 days
Queen
León
Queen
Castile
Queen
Galicia
1111
Petronilla
File:Peronella reina.jpg
Queen
Aragon
13 November 1137
18 July 1164
26 years, 248 days
Urraca the Asturian
–
Queen
Kingdom of Artajona [eu ]
1144
1153
Berengaria
File:Bérengère de Castille.jpg
Queen
Castile
6 June 1217
31 August 1217
86 days
Queen
Toledo
Sancha
–
Queen
León
24 September 1230
11 December 1230
78 days
Dulce
–
Queen
León
24 September 1230
11 December 1230
78 days
Joan I
File:Joan I of Navarreskeble.jpg
Queen
Navarre
22 July 1284
2 April 1305
20 years, 254 days
Joan II
File:Jana2Navarra hlava.jpg
Queen
Navarre
1 April 1328
6 October 1349
21 years, 188 days
Isabella of Foix-Castelbon
–
Co-Princess
Andorra
1398
1412
Blanche I
File:BlancaI navarra.jpg
Queen
Navarre
8 September 1425
1 April 1441
15 years, 205 days
Blanche II
–
Queen
Navarre
23 September 1461
2 December 1464
3 years, 70 days
Isabella I
File:IsabellaofCastile03.jpg
Queen
Castile
11 December 1474
26 November 1504
29 years, 351 days
Queen
León
Eleanor
–
Queen
Navarre
28 January 1479
12 February 1479
15 days
Catherine
File:Catherine de Foix.jpg
Queen
Navarre
7 January 1483
12 February 1517
34 years, 36 days
Co-Princess
Andorra
Joanna the Mad
File:Johanna I van Castilië.JPG
Queen
Castile
26 November 1504
12 April 1555
50 years, 137 days
Queen
Aragon
23 January 1516
39 years, 79 days
Queen
Upper Navarre
Jeanne d'Albret
File:Jeanne-albret-navarre.jpg
Queen
Lower Navarre
25 May 1555
9 June 1572
17 years, 15 days
Co-Princess
Andorra
Isabella II
File:La reina Isabel II de España, de Antonio María Esquivel (Museo de Bellas Artes de Sevilla).jpg
Queen
Spain
29 September 1833
30 September 1868
35 years, 1 day
Queen
Upper Navarre
30 November 1833
62 days
Malta
Montenegro
Duklja
Oceania
Australasia
Australia
New Zealand
Elizabeth II (reigned 1952–2022)
Rarotonga
File:Queen Makea of Rarotonga.jpg Makea Takau Ariki
Melanesia
Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands
Polynesia
American Samoa
File:Matelita.jpg Tui Manuʻa Matelita.
French Polynesia
Bora Bora
Huahine
File:Huahine Royal Family, late 19th century.jpg Tehaapapa II and Tehaapapa III
Raiatea
Rapa Iti
Rimatara
Tahiti
Purea (reigned in the 18th century), queen of the Teva clan on the southern part of the island before unification
Pōmare IV (reigned 1827–1877)
Nuku Hiva
Vaekehu – her husband died in 1863, but Vaekehu continued to reign on her own as Queen
Hawaii
Ancient Hawaii
Kalanikauleleiaiwi (reigned 1695–1725) — co-ruler of Hawaiʻi Island along with her brother Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku
Ululani , Chiefess of Hilo
Kapau-a-Nuʻakea , 3rd Chiefess of Molokai
Kamauliwahine , 4th Chiefess of Molokai
Hualani , 5th Chiefess of Molokai
Kanealai , Chiefess of Molokai
Kūkaniloko , 11th Moʻi of Oʻahu
Kalaimanuia , 12th Moʻi of Oʻahu (reigned 1600–1665)
Kaikilani , 17th Moʻi of Hawaiʻi Island (reigned 1575–1605)
Keakamahana , 19th Moʻi of Hawaiʻi Island (reigned 1635–1665)
Keakealaniwahine , 20th Moʻi of Hawaiʻi Island (reigned 1665–1695)
Kamakahelei , 22nd Moʻi of Kauaʻi (reigned 1770–1794)
Kingdom of Hawaii
File:Liliuokalani, c. 1891.jpg Liliʻuokalani
Tonga
Tuvalu
Elizabeth II (reigned 1978–2022)
Wallis and Futuna
Uvea
Legendary and mythological monarchs
Chile
China
Congo
Kuba Kingdom
Women written in italics in the list of Kuba Kingdom rulers:[ 121]
Lobamba
Gokare
Sanga Motunu
Pelama Pena
Boeke
Sanga Lenga
Bosh Akama
Kele Kama
Bolueme
Czechia
Easter Island
Ecuador
Egypt
Nitocris of the Sixth Dynasty – Nitocris is mentioned within Herodotus ' book Histories as being the last Pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt.
Charoba – A queen mentioned in a history of Egypt written by 12th-century Arab writer Murtada ibn al-'Afif .[ 122]
Daluka of the Soleyman Dynasty – An Antediluvian monarch from medieval Coptic and Arabic texts who supposedly built a wall around Egypt to protect the country from invasion and also was said to have built a pyramid and a nilometer at Memphis . Sometimes claimed to be a cousin of Charoba and her immediate successor.[ 122]
Borsa of the Soleyman Dynasty – Mentioned in medieval Coptic and Arabic texts as a ruler of Egypt in the Antediluvian era.[ 123] Sometimes described as a "priestess".[ 122]
Ethiopia
The following names all come from a regnal list written in 1922, which is partially based on native traditions and older regnal lists, but also contains additional names of Coptic and Nubian origin, the latter due to its association with the word "Aethiopia " in ancient and Biblical texts. Claimed dates follow the Ethiopian calendar .[ 124]
Borsa (reigned 4321–4254 BC) – Originated from Coptic tradition.[ 123]
Eylouka (reigned 3776–3731 BC) – Originated from Coptic tradition.[ 123]
Nehasset Nais (reigned 2434–2404 BC)
Kasiyope (reigned 1890–1871 BC) – Originated from Greek mythology .
Mumazes reigned (1675–1671 BC) – Daughter of king Bonu I.[ 125]
Aruas (reigned 1671 BC) – Daughter of Mumazes.[ 124]
Helena (reigned 1358–1347 BC)
Makeda (reigned 1013–982 BC) – The Biblical queen of Sheba in Ethiopian tradition and mother of Menelik I . She succeeded to the throne after the death of her father king Kawnasya.[ 126]
Nicauta Kandake I (reigned 740–730 BC)
Hadina (reigned 372–362 BC) – Most regnal lists of Ethiopia claim this monarch reigned for 9 years.[ 127]
Nikawla Kandake II (reigned 342–332 BC) – An alternate name for the Queen of Sheba [ 128]
Akawsis Kandake III (reigned 325–315 BC)
Nikosis Kandake IV (reigned 242–232 BC)
Awsena (reigned 99–88 BC) – Most regnal lists of Ethiopia claim this monarch reigned for 1 year.[ 127]
Nicotnis Kandake V (reigned 35–25 BC)
Garsemot Kandake VI (reigned 40–50 AD) – Supposedly the Kandake from the Biblical story of the Ethiopian Eunuch .[ 124]
Wakana (reigned 230 AD) – Reigned for 2 days.[ 124]
Ahywa Sofya (reigned 299–332 AD) – Likely based on Sofya of Axum , mother of Ezana .
Adhana I (reigned 369–374 AD) – Some regnal lists of Ethiopia claim this monarch reigned for 14 years.[ 129]
Adhana II (reigned 412–418 AD) – Some regnal lists claim this monarch co-ruled with king Abreha III.[ 129]
Kingdom of Simien
Gudit (reigned c. 960 – c. 1000 )
Sidama people
French Polynesia
Greece
Amazons
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Japan
Korea
Lady Saso , honorary queen regnant of Silla
Queen of Jeoknyeo-guk – Talhae 's mother was the princess of Jeoknyeo-guk (Korean : 적녀국 ; Hanja : 積女國 ), an island country where only women lived[ 133]
Libya
Malaysia
Mexico
Aztec Empire
Myanmar
Norway
Pakistan
Peru
Poland
Russia
Somaliland
South Africa
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Syria
Tunisia
Dido (reigned 814–c. 760 BC ) – also known as Alyssa . Founder of Carthage , according to tradition
Turkey
Turkmenistan
United Kingdom
Vatican City
Vietnam
Yemen
Constituent and self-proclaimed monarchs
Botswana
China
Easter Island
Haiti
India
Italy
Jamaica
New Zealand
Nigeria
Panama
Trinidad and Tobago
The list of Carib Queens were:
United States Virgin Islands
The leaders of the 1878 St. Croix labor riot were:
Chieftainesses
Argentina
Botswana
Burundi
Chile
China
Cameroon
Colombia
Congo
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Fiji
Ghana
Guinea
Haiti
India
Ireland
Israel
Kenya
Kyrgyzstan
Liberia
Malawi
Malaysia
Marshall Islands
New Zealand
Māori people
Rarotonga
Niger
Nigeria
Palau
Panama
Peru
Puerto Rico
Sierra Leone
South Africa
South Sudan
United States of America
Appomattoc
Crow tribe
Giluts'aaw
Hoocąk
Pamunkey
Pocasset Wampanoag
Sakonnet
Seneca tribe
Taiwan
Vanuatu
Venezuela
Yemen
Semi-independent feudal rulers
Albania
Bangladesh
India
Romania
Crown landholders
Bangladesh
Between the 1204 and 1352, Bengal was a province of the Delhi Sultanate .[ 155]
Cyprus
Estonia
Swedish Estonia
Russian Estonia
Catherine I (reigned 8 February 1725 – 17 May 1727)
Anna (reigned 13 February 1730 – 28 October 1740)
Elizabeth (reigned 6 December 1741 – 5 January 1762)
Catherine II (reigned 9 July 1762 – 6 November 1796)
Finland
Swedish Finland
Iceland
Norwegian Iceland
Israel and Palestine
Thutmose III of the New Kingdom of Egypt conquered Canaan .
Sudan
Thutmose I of the New Kingdom of Egypt conquered Nubia .
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↑ Duquette, Danielle Gallois (1983). Dynamique de l'art bidjogo (Guinée-Bissau): contribution à une anthropologie de l'art des sociétés africaines (in français). Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical. p. 71. Bernatzik, durant son voyage, entendait vanter le reine Idiana Ibop qui avait succédé à son mari, jusqu'à sa mort trois saisons des piuies auparavant, tellement elle s'était imposée à Canhabaque par son intelligence et sa bonté
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↑ Yoshie, Akiko; Tonomura, Hitomi; Takata, Azumi Ann «Gendered Interpretations of Female Rule: The Case of Himiko, Ruler of Yamatai». US-Japan Women's Journal, 44, 1, 2013, pàg. 13. DOI: 10.1353/jwj.2013.0009.
↑ Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō , pp. 263–264; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, pp. 126–129; Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 39–42. , p. 39, at Google Books
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↑ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, p. 59. , p. 59, at Google Books
↑ Titsingh, Isaac . (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 63–65 , p. 63, at Google Books ; Brown, Delmer M. (1979). Gukanshō , p. 271; Varley, H. Paul . (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki . p. 140.
↑ Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō , pp. 271–272; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki . pp. 140–141; Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 65–67. , p. 65, at Google Books
↑ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon , pp. 411–412.
↑ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon , pp. 419–420.
↑ Arihant Experts (4 June 2019). Know Your State Odisha . Arihant Publications India limited. p. 16. ISBN 978-9313193272 . Next female rulers were Tribhuvana Mahadevi II (890-896AD) and Tribhuvana Mahadevi III (896-905AD).
↑ Arihant Experts (4 June 2019). Know Your State Odisha . Arihant Publications India limited. p. 16. ISBN 978-9313193272 . Next female rulers were Tribhuvana Mahadevi II (890-896AD) and Tribhuvana Mahadevi III (896-905AD).
↑ Upendra Thakur (1956). History of Mithila . Mithila Institute. pp. 320–322.
↑ Jha, Makhan (1997). Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective . M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p. 57. ISBN 978-81-7533-034-4 .
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↑ The Imperial Gazetteer of India . Vol. 11 (New ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1908. p. 15 .
↑ The Begums of Bhopal: A Dynasty of Women Rulers in Raj India, by Shahraryar M. Khan. Published by I. B.Tauris, 2000. ISBN 1-86064-528-3
↑ De, Sushil Chandra (1990). Story of Freedom Struggle in Orissa . Orissa Sahitya Akademi. p. 36.
↑ Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Masson, Vadim Mikhaĭlovich; Unesco (2003-01-01). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Development in contrast : from the sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth century . UNESCO. p. 238. ISBN 978-92-3-103876-1 .
↑ Khan, Shah Ra'is (1987). Shah Ra'is Khan ki Tarikh-i Gilgit (in اردو).
↑ Siddiqui, Dr. Habibullah. "The Soomras of Sindh: their origin, main characteristics and rule" (PDF) . Literary Conference on Soomra Period in Sindh .
↑ John Norman Miksic; Goh Geok Yian (2016-10-14). Ancient Southeast Asia . Taylor & Francis. p. 464. ISBN 978-1-317-27904-4 .
↑ Chou, Cynthia (2009-10-16). The Orang Suku Laut of Riau, Indonesia: The Inalienable Gift of Territory . Routledge. p. 44. ISBN 978-1-134-43033-8 .
↑ 88.0 88.1 O'Connor, Sue; McWilliam, Andrew; Brockwell, Sally, eds. (2020-09-07). Forts and Fortification in Wallacea: Archaeological and Ethnohistoric Investigations . ANU Press. p. 191. ISBN 978-1-76046-389-2 .
↑ 89.0 89.1 Mustamin, Fiam (2020-12-02). "Di manakah Perempuan Tanah Bugis yang Patriotik Pemberani dan Malebbi Itu" . PINISI.co.id . Retrieved 2024-11-29 .
↑ 90.0 90.1 90.2 90.3 90.4 90.5 Omar, Rahilah (2003-11-01). The history of Boné A.D. 1775-1795: the diary of Sultan Ahmad as-Salleh Syamsuddin (Thesis). p. 319.
↑ 91.0 91.1 91.2 91.3 91.4 91.5 "Inilah Sosok Perempuan yang Menjadi Datu di Kerajaan Luwu" (in Bahasa Indonesia). INDEKS MEDIA. 2023-05-10. Retrieved 2024-11-05 .
↑ Monumen Islam di Sulawesi Selatan (in Bahasa Indonesia). Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan. p. 230.
↑ Hägerdal, Hans (2012-01-01). Lords of the Land, Lords of the Sea: Conflict and Adaptation in Early Colonial Timor, 1600-1800 . BRILL. pp. 205–206. ISBN 978-90-04-25350-6 .
↑ Dr. H. M. Tahir, S.Ag., MM. Dr. Hj. Ida Suryani Wijaya, M.Si (ed.). Sejarah Dakwah Islam di Kalimantan (Studi Pendekatan dan Jaringan) (in Bahasa Indonesia). Bening Media Publishing. p. 119. ISBN 978-623-8006-41-0 . {{cite book }}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link )
↑ 95.0 95.1 95.2 95.3 95.4 95.5 Noor, Arba’iyah Mohd (2017-12-07). Sumbu Dunia Melayu: Hubungan Keserumpunan Malaysia-Indonesia (in Bahasa Melayu). The University of Malaya Press. p. 39. ISBN 978-983-100-971-0 .
↑ Mattalatta, Andi (2003). Meniti siri dan harga diri: catatan dan kenangan (in Bahasa Indonesia). Khasanah Manusia Nusantara. p. 14. ISBN 978-979-97305-0-3 .
↑ 97.0 97.1 Niner, Sara, ed. (2016-08-05). Women and the Politics of Gender in Post-Conflict Timor-Leste: Between Heaven and Earth . Routledge. pp. 24–25, 27–28, 41. ISBN 978-1-317-32789-9 .
↑ Wawasan: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama dan Sosial Budaya, Vol. 1, No. 2 (in Bahasa Indonesia). Fakultas Ushuluddin UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. 2016. p. 248.
↑ 99.0 99.1 "Sultan-Sultan Sumbawa" . Ensiklopedia Sumbawa . Archived from the original on 2019-05-18. Retrieved 2024-06-14 .
↑ Abd. Muttalib M. (1981). Taman purbakala Jera Lompoe (in Bahasa Indonesia). Suaka Peninggalan Sejarah dan Purbakala Sulawesi Selatan. p. 19.
↑ James George Scott ; John Percy Hardiman (1901). Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan States, Part 2, Volume 2 . p. 5. He was succeeded in 1012 B.E. (1650) by his younger brother, Sao Ne Ya, who reigned for thirty years. He left no children and was succeeded by his wife, who held the State for three years and then died.
↑ James George Scott ; John Percy Hardiman (1901). Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan States, Part 2, Volume 2 . p. 6. Hkun Hkawt, a brother of Hkun Lek, was appointed Sawbwa , but died in four years. In 1228 B.E. (1866), therefore, his youngest sister, one of the Queens, was appointed to the charge of Lai Hka with the title of Myoza. She appointed myooks and myo-teins to govern the State for her. This continued for two years and then the former Sawbwa , Hkun Mawng, now become a youth, was appointed to the State.
↑ Majul, Cesar Adib. "An Analysis of the "Genealogy of Sulu" " . Asian Studies: Journal of Critical Perspectives : 15.
↑ 104.0 104.1 104.2 104.3 Amirell, Stefan (2011). "The Blessings and Perils of Female Rule: New Perspectives on the Reigning Queens of Patani, c. 1584–1718" . Journal of Southeast Asian Studies . 42 (2): 303–323. doi :10.1017/S0022463411000063 . S2CID 143695148 .
↑ Hägerdal, Hans (2007). "Rebellions or factionalism? Timorese forms of resistance in an early colonial context, 1650-1769" . Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde . 163 (1): 8. ISSN 0006-2294 . JSTOR 27868341 .
↑ 106.0 106.1 106.2 Niner, Sara, ed. (2016-08-05). Women and the Politics of Gender in Post-Conflict Timor-Leste: Between Heaven and Earth . Routledge. p. 39. ISBN 978-1-317-32789-9 .
↑ Siegel-Itzkovic, Judy (2009-04-16). "Have archeologists found the only female ruler of ancient Canaan?" . The Jerusalem Post . Retrieved 2023-06-04 .
↑ 108.0 108.1 Hamilton, Bernard (2005-07-07). The Leper King and His Heirs: Baldwin IV and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem . Cambridge University Press. p. 44. ISBN 978-0-521-01747-3 .
↑ 109.0 109.1 Leichty, Erle (2011-06-23). The Royal Inscriptions of Esarhaddon, King of Assyria (680–669 BC) . Penn State Press. pp. 20–21. ISBN 978-1-57506-646-2 .
↑ Book of Han, vol. 61
↑ Mair, Victor H. , ed. (1998). The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Peoples of Eastern Central Asia . Vol. 2. The Institute for the Study of Man in collaboration with The University of Pennsylvania Museum Publications. p. 777. ISBN 978-0-941694-63-6 . Among the Greater Yuezhi it appears that a lady was appointed to be the ruling queen on at least one occasion. "Zhang Qian zhuan" 張騫傳 (Biography of Zhang Qian) in the History of the Han records that after the king of the Greater Yuezhi was killed by the Xiongnu, his wife was appointed to be the queen.
↑ Nicholson, Oliver (19 April 2018). The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity . Oxford University Press. p. 1316. ISBN 978-0-19-256246-3 .
↑ Claus Krag. "Åsa Haraldsdatter, Dronning" . Norsk biografisk leksikon.
↑ Monter, William (2012-01-24). The Rise of Female Kings in Europe, 1300-1800 . Yale University Press. p. ix–xiii. ISBN 978-0-300-17327-7 .
↑ David Williamson (1986). Debrett's kings and queens of Britain . Webb & Bower. p. 51. ISBN 9780863501012 .
↑ Williamson, David (2010). Kings & Queens . National Portrait Gallery Publications. p. 95. ISBN 978-1-85514-432-3 .
↑ Baker, Julian (2020-10-20). Coinage and Money in Medieval Greece 1200-1430 (2 vols.) . BRILL. p. 767. ISBN 978-90-04-43464-6 .
↑ Collins, Roger (30 April 2016). "Queens-Dowager and Queens-Regent in Tenth-Century León and Navarre" . In Parsons, John Carmi (ed.). Medieval Queenship . Springer. p. 89. ISBN 978-1-137-08859-8 .
↑ Hanson, F. Allan (1973). Rapa: une île polynésienne hier et aujourd'hui (in français). Société des océanistes. p. 30.
↑ 陈永邺; 洪宜婷 (2017-01-01). 法律起源与国家法的形成:以西南少数民族的神话等文本为例 (in 中文). 社会科学文献出版社. p. 241. ISBN 978-7-5201-0691-7 .
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