List of parties to the Paris Agreement

From The Right Wiki
Jump to navigationJump to search

File:ParisAgreement.svg
Parties to the Paris Agreement
  Parties
  Signatories
  Parties also covered by European Union ratification

The Paris Agreement is an agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) dealing with greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, adaptation and finance starting in the year 2020. The Agreement aims to respond to the global climate change threat by keeping a global temperature rise this century well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius.[1]

History

The language of the agreement was negotiated by representatives of 197 parties at the 21st Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC in Paris and adopted by consensus on 12 December 2015.[2][3][4] The Agreement was open for signature by States and regional economic integration organizations that are Parties to the UNFCCC (the Convention) from 22 April 2016 to 21 April 2017 at the UN Headquarters in New York.[5] The agreement stated that it would enter into force (and thus become fully effective) only if 55 countries that produce at least 55% of the world's greenhouse gas emissions (according to a list produced in 2015)[6] ratify, accept, approve or accede to the agreement.[7][8] On 1 April 2016, the United States and China, which together represent almost 40% of global emissions, issued a joint statement confirming that both countries would sign the Paris Climate Agreement.[9][10] 175 Parties (174 states and the European Union) signed the agreement on the first date it was open for signature.[11][12] On the same day, more than 20 countries issued a statement of their intent to join as soon as possible with a view to joining in 2016. With ratification by the European Union, the Agreement obtained enough parties to enter into effect as of 4 November 2016.

Parties

As of February 2023, 194 states and the EU, representing over 98% of global greenhouse gas emissions, have ratified or acceded to the Agreement, including China and the United States, the countries with the first and second largest CO2 emissions among UNFCCC members.[13][14][15] A further three states have signed the Agreement but not ratified it. All 198 UNFCCC members have either signed or acceded to the Paris Agreement.

Party[13] Percentage of greenhouse
gases for ratification[6] 		Date of signature Date of ratification, acceptance, approval, or accession Date of entry into force
File:Flag of Afghanistan (2013–2021).svg Afghanistan 0.05% 22 April 2016 15 February 2017 17 March 2017
File:Flag of Albania.svg Albania 0.02% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria 0.30% 22 April 2016 20 October 2016 19 November 2016
File:Flag of Andorra.svg Andorra 0.00% 22 April 2016 24 March 2017 23 April 2017
File:Flag of Angola.svg Angola 0.17% 22 April 2016 16 November 2020 16 December 2020
File:Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg Antigua and Barbuda 0.00% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina 0.89% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia 0.02% 20 September 2016 23 March 2017 22 April 2017
File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia 1.46% 22 April 2016 9 November 2016 9 December 2016
File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria[lower-alpha 1] 0.21% 22 April 2016 5 October 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan 0.13% 22 April 2016 9 January 2017 8 February 2017
File:Flag of the Bahamas.svg Bahamas, The 0.00% 22 April 2016 22 August 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain 0.06% 22 April 2016 23 December 2016 22 January 2017
File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh 0.27% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Barbados.svg Barbados 0.01% 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus 0.24% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium[lower-alpha 1] 0.32% 22 April 2016 6 April 2017 6 May 2017
File:Flag of Belize.svg Belize 0.00% 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Benin.svg Benin 0.02% 22 April 2016 31 October 2016 30 November 2016
File:Flag of Bhutan.svg Bhutan 0.00% 22 April 2016 19 September 2017 19 October 2017
File:Flag of Bolivia.svg Bolivia 0.12% 22 April 2016 5 October 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.08% 22 April 2016 16 March 2017 15 April 2017
File:Flag of Botswana.svg Botswana 0.02% 22 April 2016 11 November 2016 11 December 2016
File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil 2.48% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei N/A[lower-alpha 2] 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria[lower-alpha 1] 0.15% 22 April 2016 29 November 2016 29 December 2016
File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso 0.06% 22 April 2016 11 November 2016 11 December 2016
File:Flag of Burundi.svg Burundi 0.07% 22 April 2016 17 January 2018 16 February 2018
File:Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia 0.03% 22 April 2016 6 February 2017 8 March 2017
File:Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon 0.45% 22 April 2016 29 July 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada 1.95% 22 April 2016 5 October 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Cape Verde.svg Cape Verde 0.00% 22 April 2016 21 September 2017 21 October 2017
File:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg Central African Republic 0.01% 22 April 2016 11 October 2016 10 November 2016
File:Flag of Chad.svg Chad 0.06% 22 April 2016 12 January 2017 11 February 2017
File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile[16] 0.25% 20 September 2016 10 February 2017 12 March 2017
File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China[lower-alpha 3] 20.09% 22 April 2016 3 September 2016[14] 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia 0.41% 22 April 2016 12 July 2018 11 August 2018
File:Flag of the Comoros.svg Comoros 0.00% 22 April 2016 23 November 2016 23 December 2016
File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Congo, Democratic Republic of the 0.06% 22 April 2016 13 December 2017 12 January 2018
File:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Congo, Republic of the 0.01% 22 April 2016 21 April 2017 21 May 2017
File:Flag of the Cook Islands.svg Cook Islands 0.00% 24 June 2016 1 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica 0.03% 22 April 2016 13 October 2016 12 November 2016
File:Flag of Côte d'Ivoire.svg Côte d'Ivoire 0.73% 22 April 2016 25 October 2016 24 November 2016
File:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia[lower-alpha 1] 0.07% 22 April 2016 24 May 2017 23 June 2017
File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba 0.10% 22 April 2016 28 December 2016 27 January 2017
File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus[lower-alpha 1] 0.02% 22 April 2016 4 January 2017 3 February 2017
File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic[lower-alpha 1] 0.34% 22 April 2016 5 October 2017 4 November 2017
File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark[lower-alpha 4][lower-alpha 1] 0.15% 22 April 2016 1 November 2016 1 December 2016
File:Flag of Djibouti.svg Djibouti 0.00% 22 April 2016 11 November 2016 11 December 2016
File:Flag of Dominica.svg Dominica 0.00% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic 0.07% 22 April 2016 21 September 2017 21 October 2017
File:Flag of East Timor.svg East Timor 0.00% 22 April 2016 16 August 2017 15 September 2017
File:Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador 0.67% 26 July 2016 20 September 2017 20 October 2017
File:Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt 0.52% 22 April 2016 29 June 2017 29 July 2017
File:Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador 0.03% 22 April 2016 27 March 2017 26 April 2017
File:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg Equatorial Guinea N/A[lower-alpha 2] 22 April 2016 30 October 2018 29 November 2018
File:Flag of Eritrea.svg Eritrea 0.01% 22 April 2016 7 February 2023 9 March 2023
File:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia[lower-alpha 1] 0.06% 22 April 2016 4 November 2016 4 December 2016
File:Flag of Eswatini.svg Eswatini 0.05% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia 0.13% 22 April 2016 9 March 2017 8 April 2017
File:Flag of Europe.svg European Union N/A[lower-alpha 5] 22 April 2016 5 October 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Fiji.svg Fiji 0.01% 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland[lower-alpha 1] 0.17% 22 April 2016 14 November 2016 14 December 2016
File:Flag of France.svg France[lower-alpha 1] 1.34% 22 April 2016 5 October 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Gabon.svg Gabon 0.02% 22 April 2016 2 November 2016 2 December 2016
File:Flag of The Gambia.svg Gambia, The 0.05% 26 April 2016 7 November 2016 7 December 2016
File:Flag of Georgia.svg Georgia 0.03% 22 April 2016 8 May 2017 7 June 2017
File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany[lower-alpha 1] 2.56% 22 April 2016 5 October 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana 0.09% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece[lower-alpha 1] 0.28% 22 April 2016 14 October 2016 13 November 2016
File:Flag of Grenada.svg Grenada 0.00% 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala 0.04% 22 April 2016 25 January 2017 24 February 2017
File:Flag of Guinea.svg Guinea 0.01% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg Guinea-Bissau 0.02% 22 April 2016 22 October 2018 21 November 2018
File:Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana 0.01% 22 April 2016 20 May 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Haiti.svg Haiti 0.02% 22 April 2016 31 July 2017 30 August 2017
File:Flag of the Vatican City - 2001 version.svg Holy See N/A[lower-alpha 6] 4 September 2022 4 October 2022
File:Flag of Honduras.svg Honduras 0.03% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary[lower-alpha 1] 0.15% 22 April 2016 5 October 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland 0.01% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of India.svg India 4.10% 22 April 2016 2 October 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia 1.49% 22 April 2016 31 October 2016 30 November 2016
File:Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq 0.20% 8 December 2016 1 November 2021 1 December 2021
File:Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland[lower-alpha 1] 0.16% 22 April 2016 4 November 2016 4 December 2016
File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel 0.20% 22 April 2016 22 November 2016 22 December 2016
File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy[lower-alpha 1] 1.18% 22 April 2016 11 November 2016 11 December 2016
File:Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica 0.04% 22 April 2016 10 April 2017 10 May 2017
File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan 3.79% 22 April 2016 8 November 2016 8 December 2016
File:Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan 0.07% 22 April 2016 4 November 2016 4 December 2016
File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan 0.84% 2 August 2016 6 December 2016 5 January 2017
File:Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya 0.06% 22 April 2016 28 December 2016 27 January 2017
File:Flag of Kiribati.svg Kiribati 0.00% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait 0.09% 22 April 2016 23 April 2018 23 May 2018
File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan 0.03% 21 September 2016 18 February 2020 19 March 2020
File:Flag of Laos.svg Laos 0.02% 22 April 2016 7 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia[lower-alpha 1] 0.03% 22 April 2016 16 March 2017 15 April 2017
File:Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon 0.07% 22 April 2016 5 February 2020 6 March 2020
File:Flag of Lesotho.svg Lesotho 0.01% 22 April 2016 20 January 2017 19 February 2017
File:Flag of Liberia.svg Liberia 0.02% 22 April 2016 27 August 2018 26 September 2018
File:Flag of Liechtenstein.svg Liechtenstein 0.00% 22 April 2016 20 September 2017 20 October 2017
File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania[lower-alpha 1] 0.05% 22 April 2016 2 February 2017 4 March 2017
File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg[lower-alpha 1] 0.03% 22 April 2016 4 November 2016 4 December 2016
File:Flag of Madagascar.svg Madagascar 0.08% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Malawi.svg Malawi 0.07% 20 September 2016 29 June 2017 29 July 2017
File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia 0.52% 22 April 2016 16 November 2016 16 December 2016
File:Flag of Maldives.svg Maldives 0.00% 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Mali.svg Mali 0.03% 22 April 2016 23 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Malta.svg Malta[lower-alpha 1] 0.01% 22 April 2016 5 October 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg Marshall Islands 0.00% 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Mauritania.svg Mauritania 0.02% 22 April 2016 27 February 2017 29 March 2017
File:Flag of Mauritius.svg Mauritius 0.01% 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico 1.70% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg Micronesia 0.00% 22 April 2016 15 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Moldova.svg Moldova 0.04% 21 September 2016 20 June 2017 20 July 2017
File:Flag of Monaco.svg Monaco 0.00% 22 April 2016 24 October 2016 23 November 2016
File:Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia 0.05% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Montenegro.svg Montenegro 0.01% 22 April 2016 20 December 2017 19 January 2018
File:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco 0.16% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Mozambique.svg Mozambique 0.02% 22 April 2016 4 June 2018 4 July 2018
File:Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar 0.10% 22 April 2016 19 September 2017 19 October 2017
File:Flag of Namibia.svg Namibia 0.01% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Nauru.svg Nauru 0.00% 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Nepal.svg   Nepal 0.07% 22 April 2016 5 October 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands[lower-alpha 7][lower-alpha 1] 0.53% 22 April 2016 28 July 2017 27 August 2017
File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand[lower-alpha 8] 0.22% 22 April 2016 4 October 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua 0.03% 23 October 2017 22 November 2017
File:Flag of Niger.svg Niger 0.04% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria 0.57% 22 September 2016 16 May 2017 15 June 2017
File:Flag of Niue.svg Niue 0.01% 28 October 2016 28 October 2016 27 November 2016
File:Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea 0.23% 22 April 2016 1 August 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of North Macedonia.svg North Macedonia 0.03% 22 April 2016 9 January 2018 8 February 2018
File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway 0.14% 22 April 2016 20 June 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Oman.svg Oman 0.06% 22 April 2016 22 May 2019 21 June 2019
File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan 0.43% 22 April 2016 10 November 2016 10 December 2016
File:Flag of Palau.svg Palau 0.00% 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Palestine.svg Palestine N/A[lower-alpha 6] 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Panama.svg Panama 0.03% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg Papua New Guinea 0.01% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay 0.06% 22 April 2016 14 October 2016 13 November 2016
File:Flag of Peru.svg Peru 0.22% 22 April 2016 25 July 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines 0.34% 22 April 2016 23 March 2017 22 April 2017
File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland[lower-alpha 1] 1.06% 22 April 2016 7 October 2016 6 November 2016
File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal[lower-alpha 1] 0.18% 22 April 2016 5 October 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar 0.17% 22 April 2016 23 June 2017 23 July 2017
File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania[lower-alpha 1] 0.30% 22 April 2016 1 June 2017 1 July 2017
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia 7.53% 22 April 2016 7 October 2019 6 November 2019
File:Flag of Rwanda.svg Rwanda 0.02% 22 April 2016 6 October 2016 5 November 2016
File:Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.00% 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Saint Lucia.svg Saint Lucia 0.00% 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.00% 22 April 2016 29 June 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Samoa.svg Samoa 0.00% 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of San Marino.svg San Marino 0.00% 22 April 2016 26 September 2018 26 October 2018
File:Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg São Tomé and Príncipe 0.00% 22 April 2016 2 November 2016 2 December 2016
File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia 0.80% 3 November 2016 3 November 2016 3 December 2016
File:Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal 0.05% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia 0.18% 22 April 2016 25 July 2017 24 August 2017
File:Flag of Seychelles.svg Seychelles 0.00% 25 April 2016 29 April 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg Sierra Leone 0.98%[lower-alpha 9] 22 September 2016 1 November 2016 1 December 2016
File:Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore 0.13% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia[lower-alpha 1] 0.12% 22 April 2016 5 October 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia[lower-alpha 1] 0.05% 22 April 2016 16 December 2016 15 January 2017
File:Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg Solomon Islands 0.00% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia N/A[lower-alpha 2] 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa 1.46% 22 April 2016 1 November 2016 1 December 2016
File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea 1.85% 22 April 2016 3 November 2016 3 December 2016
File:Flag of South Sudan.svg South Sudan N/A[lower-alpha 2] 22 April 2016 23 February 2021 25 March 2021
File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain[lower-alpha 1] 0.87% 22 April 2016 12 January 2017 11 February 2017
File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka 0.05% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan 0.18% 22 April 2016 2 August 2017 1 September 2017
File:Flag of Suriname.svg Suriname 0.01% 22 April 2016 13 February 2019 15 March 2019
File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden[lower-alpha 1] 0.15% 22 April 2016 13 October 2016 12 November 2016
File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland 0.14% 22 April 2016 6 October 2017 5 November 2017
File:Flag of Syria.svg Syria 0.21% 13 November 2017 13 December 2017
File:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania 0.11% 22 April 2016 18 May 2018 17 June 2018
File:Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan 0.02% 22 April 2016 22 March 2017 21 April 2017
File:Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand 0.64% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg Togo 0.02% 19 September 2016 28 June 2017 28 July 2017
File:Flag of Tonga.svg Tonga 0.00% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and Tobago 0.04% 22 April 2016 22 February 2018 24 March 2018
File:Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia 0.11% 22 April 2016 10 February 2017 12 March 2017
File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey 1.24% 22 April 2016 11 October 2021 10 November 2021
File:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg Turkmenistan 0.20% 23 September 2016 20 October 2016 19 November 2016
File:Flag of Tuvalu.svg Tuvalu 0.00% 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda 0.07% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine 1.04% 22 April 2016 19 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates 0.53% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 1.55% 22 April 2016 18 November 2016 18 December 2016
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States 17.89% 22 April 2016 3 September 2016 4 November 2016[lower-alpha 10]
File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay 0.05% 22 April 2016 19 October 2016 18 November 2016
File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan 0.54% 19 April 2017 9 November 2018 9 December 2018
File:Flag of Vanuatu.svg Vanuatu 0.00% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
File:Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela 0.52% 22 April 2016 21 July 2017 20 August 2017
File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam 0.72% 22 April 2016 3 November 2016 3 December 2016
File:Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia 0.04% 20 September 2016 9 December 2016 8 January 2017
File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe 0.18% 22 April 2016 7 August 2017 6 September 2017
Total 98.63%[6] 195[13]

European Union and its member states

Both the EU and its member states are individually responsible for ratifying the Paris Agreement. A strong preference was reported that the EU and its 28 member states deposit their instruments of ratification at the same time to ensure that neither the EU nor its member states engage themselves to fulfilling obligations that strictly belong to the other,[22] and there were fears that disagreement over each individual member state's share of the EU-wide reduction target, as well as Britain's vote to leave the EU might delay the Paris pact.[23] However, the European Parliament approved ratification of the Paris Agreement on 4 October 2016,[24] and the EU deposited its instruments of ratification on 5 October 2016, along with several individual EU member states.[23]

Sub-national territories

Some sub-national territories of parties are subject to a territorial exclusion from their sovereign state that is party to the Agreement. The party can then extend the ratification of the Agreement to said territory. While the UK did not make any declaration upon ratification, it did so in National Communications, last in its 8th NC in 2022.[25] The militarily used British Indian Ocean Territory is not mentioned as being excluded.

Party Territory Date of Exclusion Date of Approval Date of entry into force
File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark File:Flag of Greenland.svg Greenland 2016-11-01[26] 2024-07-02 [26] N/A
File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands File:Flag of Aruba.svg Aruba 2022-04-16[27] 2016-04-22[28]
(signed, not ratified)		 N/A
File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba 2022-04-16[29] N/A N/A
File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands File:Flag of Curaçao.svg Curaçao 2022-04-16[27] N/A N/A
File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands File:Flag of Sint Maarten.svg Sint Maarten 2022-04-16[27] N/A N/A
File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand File:Flag of Tokelau.svg Tokelau  2016-10-04[30] 2017-11-13[31] N/A
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg UK File:Flag of Anguilla.svg Anguilla N/A N/A N/A
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg UK File:Flag of Bermuda.svg Bermuda N/A N/A N/A
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg UK File:Flag of the British Virgin Islands.svg British Virgin Islands N/A N/A N/A
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg UK File:Flag of the Cayman Islands.svg Cayman Islands N/A N/A N/A
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg UK File:Flag of the Falkland Islands.svg Falkland Islands N/A N/A N/A
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg UK File:Flag of the Isle of Man.svg Isle of Man N/A 2023-03-22[32][33] N/A
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg UK File:Flag of Gibraltar.svg Gibraltar N/A 2022-10-03[34] N/A
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg UK File:Flag of Guernsey.svg Guernsey N/A 2022-04-29[35] N/A
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg UK File:Flag of Jersey.svg Jersey N/A 2023-12-06[36] N/A
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg UK File:Flag of Montserrat.svg Montserrat N/A N/A N/A
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg UK File:Flag of the Pitcairn Islands.svg Pitcairn Islands N/A N/A N/A
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg UK Saint Helena Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha N/A N/A N/A
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg UK File:Flag of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.svg South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands N/A N/A N/A
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg UK United Kingdom Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia N/A N/A N/A
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg UK File:Flag of the Turks and Caicos Islands.svg Turks and Caicos Islands N/A N/A N/A

Withdrawal from Agreement

Further information: United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement

Article 28 of the agreement enables parties to withdraw from the agreement after sending a withdrawal notification to the depositary, but notice can be given no earlier than three years after the agreement goes into force for the country. Withdrawal is effective one year after the depositary is notified. Alternatively, the Agreement stipulates that withdrawal from the UNFCCC, under which the Paris Agreement was adopted, would also withdraw the state from the Paris Agreement. The conditions for withdrawal from the UNFCCC are the same as for the Paris Agreement. In the agreement no provisions for non compliance are stated. On 1 June 2017, then-US President Donald Trump announced that the United States would withdraw from the agreement.[37] In accordance with Article 28, as the agreement entered into force in the United States on 4 November 2016, the earliest possible effective withdrawal date for the United States was 4 November 2020. If it had chosen to withdraw by way of withdrawing from the UNFCCC, notice could be given immediately (the UNFCCC entered into force for the US in 1994), and be effective one year later. On August 4, 2017, the Trump administration delivered an official notice to the United Nations that the US intended to withdraw from the Paris Agreement as soon as it is legally eligible to do so.[38] The formal notice of withdrawal could not be submitted until the agreement had been in force for 3 years for the US, in 2019.[39][40] According to a memo obtained by HuffPost believed to be written by US State Department legal office, any "attempts to withdraw from the Paris Agreement outside of the above-described withdrawal provisions would be inconsistent with international law and would not be accepted internationally."[41][42] On 4 November 2019, the United States notified the depositary of its withdrawal from the agreement, to be effective exactly one year from that date.[43] In one of his first executive actions, President Joe Biden signed an order that would have the United States rejoin the agreement.[44][45] Joe Biden was greeted by French President Emmanuel Macron with a "Welcome back to the Paris Agreement!".[46]

Signatories

A further three states have signed but not ratified the Paris Agreement.

Signatory[13] Percentage of greenhouse
gases for ratification[6] 		Date of signature
File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran 1.30% 22 April 2016
File:Flag of Libya.svg Libya N/A[lower-alpha 2] 22 April 2016
File:Flag of Yemen.svg Yemen 0.07% 23 September 2016
Total 1.38% 3

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 Also covered by European Union ratification.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Emissions of parties to the UNFCCC that had not yet submitted their first national communication to the UNFCCC secretariat with an emission inventory at the time of adoption of the Paris Agreement were not included in the figure for entry into force of the Agreement.[6]
  3. ↑ Including Hong Kong and Macau.
  4. ↑ Excluding Greenland.[17]
  5. ↑ The emissions of the European Union are accounted for in the total of its individual member states.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Emissions of states that were not a party to the UNFCCC at the time of adoption of the Paris Agreement,[20] which were thus not permitted to sign the Agreement, were not included in the totals for entry into force for the Agreement.
  7. ↑ For the European Part of the Netherlands.
  8. ↑ Extended to Tokelau on 13 November 2017[18] after initially excluding it.[19]
  9. ↑ Though corresponding with the source the provided number for Sierra Leone's emissions is incorrect. According to World Bank data, the correct 2000 emissions for Sierra Leone is 14,763 kt CO2-equivalents (not 365,107 kt), or 0.04% of the world total (not 0.98%).[21]
  10. ↑ Not a party between 4 November 2020 and 19 February 2021. The United States gave notice of its denunciation of the agreement on 4 November 2019, which came into effect on 4 November 2020. It accepted the agreement again on 20 January 2021, with entry into force again on 19 February 2021.

References

  1. ↑ http://unfccc.int/paris_agreement/items/9485.php [bare URL]
  2. ↑ Jepsen, Henrik; et al. (2021). Negotiating the Paris Agreement: The Insider Stories. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108886246.
  3. ↑ Sutter, John D.; Berlinger, Joshua (12 December 2015). "Final draft of climate deal formally accepted in Paris". CNN. Cable News Network, Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  4. ↑ "Paris climate talks: France releases 'ambitious, balanced' draft agreement at COP21". ABC Australia. 12 December 2015.
  5. ↑ Article 20(1)
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 "Information provided in accordance with paragraph 104 of decision 1 CP21 related to entry into force of the Paris Agreement (Article 21)" (PDF). UNFCCC. Retrieved 23 April 2016.
  7. ↑ Article 21(1)
  8. ↑ "Historic Paris Agreement on Climate Change - 195 Nations Set Path to Keep Temperature Rise Well Below 2 Degrees Celsius". UN Climate Change Newsroom. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 12 December 2015. Archived from the original on 17 January 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
  9. ↑ McGrath, Matt (31 March 2016). "Paris Climate Treaty: 'Significant step' as US and China agree to sign". Bbc.com. Retrieved 23 April 2016.
  10. ↑ Obama and President Xi of China Vow to Sign Paris Climate Agreement Promptly 1 April 2016
  11. ↑ "'Today is an historic day,' says Ban, as 175 countries sign Paris climate accord". United Nations. 22 April 2016.
  12. ↑ "PARIS AGREEMENT Signature Ceremony" (PDF). UNFCCC. 22 April 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 May 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 "Paris Agreement". United Nations Treaty Collection. 8 July 2016.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Paris climate deal: US and China formally join pact", BBC News, 3 September 2016 (page visited on 4 September 2016).
  15. ↑ "India Ratifies Landmark Paris Climate Deal, Says, 'Kept Our Promise'". Retrieved 2 October 2016.
  16. ↑ "Chile firmará acuerdo climático en septiembre y será uno de los 57 países que lo ratificarían este año".
  17. ↑ https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2016/CN.819.2016-Eng.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  18. ↑ https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2017/CN.705.2017-Eng.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  19. ↑ https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2016/CN.723.2016-Eng.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  20. ↑ "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change". United Nations Treaty Series. 23 July 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
  21. ↑ "Total greenhouse gas emissions (kt of CO2 equivalent)". World Bank. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
  22. ↑ Yeo, Sophie (23 June 2016). "Explainer: When will the European Union ratify the Paris Agreement?". Retrieved 3 September 2016.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Schiermeier, Quirin (4 October 2016). "Paris climate deal to take effect as EU ratifies accord". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2016.20735. S2CID 158043198. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
  24. ↑ "Paris Agreement to enter into force as EU agrees ratification". European Commission. 4 October 2016. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
  25. ↑ unfccc.int – UK's 8th National Communication.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 treaties.un.org – Status of Partis Agreement, Endnote 1
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 treaties.un.org – Status of Partis Agreement, Declarations
  28. ↑ media.un.org – Prime Minister of Aruba Signs Paris Agreement on Climate Change, 2016-04-22
  29. ↑ treaties.un.org – Status of Partis Agreement, Declarations
  30. ↑ treaties.un.org – Status of Partis Agreement, Endnote 3
  31. ↑ treaties.un.org – Status of Partis Agreement, Endnote 3
  32. ↑ treaties.un.org – Status of Partis Agreement, Endnote 5
  33. ↑ gov.im – Climate change: Paris Agreement extended to Isle of Man, 2023-03-27
  34. ↑ UK extends international treaties on the Environment to Gibraltar - 729/2022
  35. ↑ treaties.un.org – Status of Partis Agreement, Endnote 6
  36. ↑ treaties.un.org – Status of Partis Agreement, Endnote 4
  37. ↑ Halper, Evan (1 June 2017). "Trump quits the Paris climate accord, calling it a 'bad deal' for the U.S." Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
  38. ↑ "Reference: C.N.464.2017.TREATIES-XXVII.7.d (Depositary Notification)" (PDF). United Nations. 2017-08-08. Retrieved 2017-08-14.
  39. ↑ "Trump administration delivers notice US intends to withdraw from Paris climate deal". POLITICO. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  40. ↑ Producer, Kevin Liptak, CNN White House. "WH: US staying out of climate accord". CNN. Retrieved 2017-09-17. {{cite news}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  41. ↑ Kaufman, Alexander; Sheppard, Kate (2 May 2017). "White House Leaning Toward Exiting Paris Agreement By Next Week, Sources Say". HuffPost. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  42. ↑ "Paris Agreement: Overview of Legal Issues". Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  43. ↑ "PARIS AGREEMENT - PARIS, 12 DECEMBER 2015 -UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: WITHDRAWAL" (PDF). United Nations. 2019-04-04. Retrieved 2019-04-09.
  44. ↑ Newburger, Emma (20 January 2021). "President Joe Biden rejoins the Paris climate accord in first move to tackle global warming". CNBC.
  45. ↑ Whitehouse, The (20 January 2021). "Paris Climate Agreement". White House.
  46. ↑ Choi, Joseph (2021-01-20). "Macron to Biden and Harris: 'Welcome back to the Paris Agreement!'". TheHill. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
Retrieved from "https://rightwiki.org/index.php?title=List_of_parties_to_the_Paris_Agreement&oldid=14042966"