List of rulers of Mantua
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During its history as independent entity, Mantua had different rulers who governed on the city and the lands of Mantua from the Middle Ages to the early modern period. From 970 to 1115, the Counts of Mantua were members of the House of Canossa. During its time as free commune and signoria ("lordship"), the Lords of Mantua were exponents of the Bonacolsi and Gonzaga families. From 1328, Mantua was informally led by Gonzagas until 1433, when Gianfrancesco Gonzaga assumed the noble title of Marquess of Mantua. In 1530, Federico II received the title of Duke of Mantua. In 1531, the family acquired the vacant Marquisate of Montferrat through marriage. In 1627, Duke Vincent II deceased without heirs, ending the original line of Gonzagas. From 1628 to 1631, a succession war was fought between the Duke of Guastalla, supported by the Holy Roman Empire, and the Duke of Nevers, supported by France, for the control of the Duchy of Mantua. Finally, the Duke of Nevers was recognized as only Duke. In 1708, Mantua was seized by the Habsburgs, ending Gonzaga rule. Montferrat's territories were ceded to the Duke of Savoy. The emperor compensated the Duke of Lorraine, heir in the female line of the Gonzaga, for the loss of Montferrat by ceding the Duchy of Teschen to the Lorraine. In 1745, Mantua was formally unified with the Duchy of Milan, until its dissolution in 1796.
Counts of Mantua (970–1115)
House of Canossa
| Portrait | Coat of Arms | Name | Reign | Relationship with Predecessor(s) | Marriage(s) Issue | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Adalberto Atto.jpg | File:Coat of arms of the Canossa family.svg | Adalbert Atto | 970 | 13 February 988 | • Son of Sigifred of Lucca[1] | Hildegard of Supponids 4 children |
| File:Tedald of Canossa (count).png | Tebald | 13 February 988 | 1007 | • Son of Adalbert Atto | Willa of Tuscany 2 children | |
| File:Boniface III of Tuscany.png | Boniface | 1007 | 6 May 1052 | • Son of Tebald | (1) Richelida Giselbertiner Childless (2) Beatrice of Lorraine | |
| File:Paolo farinati, ritratto allegorico di matilde di canossa, 1590-1600 ca., dalla coll. monge, vr.jpg | Matilda | 6 May 1052 | 24 July 1115 | • Daughter of Boniface | (1) Godfrey of Lorraine Childless (2) Welf of Bavaria | |
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Lords of Mantua (1272–1433)
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Marquesses of Mantua (1433–1530)
House of Gonzaga
| Portrait | Coat of Arms | Name | Reign | Relationship with Predecessor(s) | Marriage(s) Issue | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Portrait du Jean-François Gonzague.png | File:Arms of Gianfrancesco I Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua.svg | John Francis I (Gianfrancesco I) |
22 September 1433 | 25 September 1444 | • Son of Francesco
• Purchased the title from Emperor Sigismund |
Paola Malatesta 6 children |
| File:Portrait du Louis III Gonzague.png | Louis III (Ludovico III) |
25 September 1444 | 11 June 1478 | • Son of John Francis I | Barbara of Brandenburg 11 children | |
| File:Portrait du Frédéric Ier Gonzague.png | Frederick I (Federico I) |
11 June 1478 | 14 July 1484 | • Son of Lewis III | Margaret of Bavaria 6 children | |
| File:Portrait du François II Gonzague.png | Francis II (Francesco II) |
14 July 1484 | 29 March 1519 | • Son of Frederick I | Isabella d'Este 9 children | |
| File:Ritratto di Federico II Gonzaga.jpg | Frederick II (Federico II) |
29 March 1519 | 8 April 1530 | • Son of Francis II | Margaret Paleologa 7 children | |
Dukes of Mantua (1530–1708)
House of Gonzaga
| Portrait | Coat of Arms | Name | Reign | Relationship with Predecessor(s) | Marriage(s) Issue | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Ritratto di Federico II Gonzaga.jpg | File:Arms of Vincenzo I Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua.svg | Frederick II (Federico II) |
8 April 1530 | 28 June 1540 | • Son of Francis II
(Title obtained by Emperor Charles V) |
Margaret Paleologa 7 children |
| File:Portrait du Duc François III Gonzague.png | Francis III (Francesco III) |
28 June 1540 | 21 February 1550 | • Son of Frederick II | Catherine of Austria Childless | |
| File:Portrait du Duc Guillaume Gonzague.png | William (Guglielmo) |
21 February 1550 | 14 August 1587 | • Son of Frederick II | Eleanor of Austria 3 children | |
| File:Vincenzo Gonzaga con il Toson d’Oro.png | Vincent I (Vincenzo I) |
14 August 1587 | 18 February 1612 | • Son of William | (1) Margherita Farnese (nullified) Childless (2) Eleanor de' Medici | |
| File:Portrait du Duc François IV Gonzague.png | Francis IV (Francesco IV) |
18 February 1612 | 22 December 1612 | • Son of Vincent I | Margaret of Savoy 3 children | |
| File:Portrait du Duc Ferdinand Gonzague.png | Ferdinand (Ferdinando) |
22 December 1612 | 29 October 1626 | • Son of Vincent I
• Brother of Francis IV |
Caterina de' Medici Childless | |
| File:Ritratto del Duca Vincenzo II Gonzaga.jpg | Vincent II (Vincenzo II) |
29 October 1626 | 25 December 1627 | • Son of Vincent I
• Brother of Ferdinand and Francis IV |
Isabella Gonzaga Childless | |
House of Gonzaga-Nevers
| Portrait | Coat of Arms | Name | Reign | Relationship with Predecessor(s) | Marriage(s) Issue | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Carlo I Gonzaga.jpg | File:Coat of arms of the House of Gonzaga-Nevers (1627).png | Charles I (Carlo I) |
17 January 1628 | 22 September 1637 | • Grandson of Frederick II | Catherine of Lorraine 6 children |
| File:Portrait du Duc Charles II Gonzague.png | Charles II (Carlo II) |
22 September 1637 | 14 August 1665 | • Grandson of Charles I | Isabella Clara of Austria 1 child | |
| File:Portrait du Duc Ferdinand Charles Gonzague.png | Ferdinand Charles (Ferdinando Carlo) |
14 August 1665 | 5 July 1708 | • Son of Charles II | (1) Anna Isabella Gonzaga Childless (2) Suzanne Henriette of Lorraine | |
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References
- ↑ Federigo Amadei, Cronaca universale della città di Mantova, Volume I, p.159, Mantova, 1954