List of sovereign states in the 1930s

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This is a list of sovereign states in the 1930s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1930 and 31 December 1939. It contains entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes 77 widely recognized sovereign states, entities which were de facto sovereign but which were not widely recognized by other states, and 1 state which was initially unrecognized but then gained full recognition later in the decade.

Sovereign states

Name and capital city Information on status and recognition of sovereignty

A

File:Flag of Afghanistan (1929–1931).svg → File:Flag of Afghanistan (1931–1973).svg Afghanistan – Kingdom of Afghanistan
Capital: Kabul 		Widely recognized independent state. LON member state (from 27 September 1934).
File:Flag of Albania (1928-1934).svg → File:Flag of Albania (1934–1939).svg Albania – Albanian Kingdom (to April 12, 1939)
Capital: Tirana 		Widely recognized LON member state. Under occupation by Italy from April 12, 1939.
File:Flag of Andorra (end of the 19th century-c. 1930s).svg → File:Andorra vlag 1939 2.svg Andorra – Principality of Andorra
Capital: Andorra la Vella 		Widely recognized independent state.
File:Flag of Argentina (1861–2010).svg Argentina – Argentine Republic
Capital: Buenos Aires 		Widely recognized LON member state. Argentina was a federation of 15 provinces and 9 federal territories.[lower-alpha 1] It had a claim over Argentine Antarctica. It also claimed the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, both of which were British crown colonies.
File:Red flag.svg Aussa – Sultanate of Aussa (to 1936)
Capital: Aussa 		Widely recognized state. Annexed into Italian East Africa.
File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia – Commonwealth of Australia
Capital: Canberra 		Widely recognized LON member state; Commonwealth realm. Australia was a federation of six states and three territories.[lower-alpha 2] It had sovereignty over the following external territories:

Australia administered two League of Nations mandates:

File:Flag of Austria.svg → File:State flag of Austria (1934–1938).svg Austria (to March 12, 1938)
Capital: Vienna 		Widely recognized LON member state. Annexed by Nazi Germany on March 12, 1938.

B

File:Flag of Belgium.svg Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium
Capital: Brussels 		Widely recognized LON member state. Belgium had sovereignty over one colony and one concession:

Belgium administered one League of Nations mandate:

File:Flag of Bolivia.svg Bolivia

Capital: Sucre (official), La Paz (administrative)

Widely recognized independent state.
Brazil Brazil
Capital: Rio de Janeiro 		Widely recognized independent state. Brazil was a federation of 20 states, one territory, and one federal district.[lower-alpha 3]
Bulgaria Bulgaria – Kingdom of Bulgaria
Capital: Sofia 		Widely recognized LON member state.

C

File:Canadian Red Ensign (1921–1957).svg Canada – Dominion of Canada
Capital: Ottawa 		Widely recognized LON member state; Commonwealth realm.
File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile
Capital: Santiago
  • Republic of Chile (to June 4, 1932)
  • Socialist Republic of Chile (from June 4 to September 13, 1932)
  • Republic of Chile (from September 13, 1932)
 Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on May 14, 1938.
File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg China – Republic of China
Capital: Nanjing 		Widely recognized LON member state.
File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia – Republic of Colombia
Capital: Bogotá 		Widely recognized LON member state.
Costa Rica Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica
Capital: San José 		Widely recognized independent state.
File:Flag of Cuba (sky blue).svg Cuba – Republic of Cuba
Capital: Havana 		Widely recognized LON member state.
File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czechoslovakia (to 14 March 1939)
Capital: Prague 		Widely recognized LON member state. Under occupation by Nazi Germany from 15 May 1939. A government in exile was regarded as the legitimate government by the Allies.

D

File:Flag of the Free City of Danzig.svg Danzig – Free City of Danzig (to 12 September 1939)
Capital: Danzig 		Widely recognized independent state. Annexed by Nazi Germany from 12 September 1939.
File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark
Capital: Copenhagen 		Widely recognized LON member state. Denmark had sovereignty over one possession:
Dominican Republic Dominican Republic – Third Dominican Republic
Capital: Santo Domingo 		Widely recognized LON member state.

E

File:Flag of Ecuador (1900-2009).svg Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador
Capital: Quito 		Widely recognized independent state. LON member state from September 28, 1934.
Kingdom of Egypt Egypt – Kingdom of Egypt
Capital: Cairo 		Widely recognized independent state. LON member state from May 26, 1937.
File:Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador
Capital: San Salvador 		Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on August 11, 1937.
Estonia Estonia – Republic of Estonia
Capital: Tallinn 		Widely recognized LON member state.
File:Flag of Ethiopia (1897-1936; 1941-1974).svg Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire (to 9 May 1936)
Capital: Addis Ababa 		Widely recognized LON member state. Under occupation by Italy from May 9, 1936, and annexed into Italian East Africa from June 1, 1936.

F

File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland – Republic of Finland
Capital: Helsinki 		Widely recognized LON member state.
File:Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1958).svg France – French Republic
Capital: Paris 		Widely recognized LON member state. France administered the foreign affairs of the following colonies and protectorates:

France administered the following League of Nations mandates:

G

File:Flag of Germany (3-2 aspect ratio).svg → File:Flag of the German Reich (1933–1935).svg → File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg Germany
Capital: Berlin 		Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on October 19, 1933.
File:Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg → Kingdom of Greece Greece
Capital: Athens 		Widely recognized LON member state.
File:Flag of Guatemala (1871-1968).svg Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala
Capital: Guatemala City 		Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on May 26, 1936.

H

Haiti Haiti – Republic of Haiti
Capital: Port-au-Prince 		Widely recognized LON member state under United States occupation to August 1, 1934.
File:Flag of Honduras (1866-1898).svg Honduras
Capital: Tegucigalpa 		Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on July 10, 1936.
File:Flag of Hungary (1915-1918, 1919-1946).svg Hungary – Kingdom of Hungary
Capital: Budapest 		Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on April 11, 1939.

I

File:Flag of Iceland (1918-1944).svg Iceland – Kingdom of Iceland
Capital: Reykjavík 		Widely recognized independent state.
File:State Flag of Iran (1925).svg Persia / Iran
Capital: Tehran
  • Imperial State of Persia (to 21 March 1935)
  • Imperial State of Iran (from 21 March 1935)
 Widely recognized LON member state.
File:Flag of Iraq (1924–1959).svg Iraq – Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq (from 3 October 1932)
Capital: Baghdad 		Widely recognized independent state. LON member state from October 3, 1932.
File:Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland
Capital: Dublin 		Widely recognized LON member state; Commonwealth realm.
File:Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg Italy – Kingdom of Italy
Capital: Rome 		Widely recognized LON member state under fascism; withdrew on December 11, 1937. Italy had sovereignty over two colonies (four colonies until January 1934 and three colonies until June 1936) and three concessions:

J

File:Merchant flag of Japan (1870).svg Japan – Empire of Japan
Capital: Tokyo 		Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on March 27, 1933. Japan had sovereignty over the following dependencies and concessions:

Japan administered one League of Nations mandate:

L

File:Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia – Republic of Latvia
Capital: Riga 		Widely recognized LON member state.
File:Flag of Liberia.svg Liberia – Republic of Liberia
Capital: Monrovia 		Widely recognized LON member state.
File:Flag of Liechtenstein (1921–1937).svg → File:Flag of Liechtenstein (1937–1982).svg Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
Capital: Vaduz 		Widely recognized independent state.
Lithuania Lithuania – Republic of Lithuania
Capital: Vilnius 		Widely recognized LON member state.
File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Capital: Luxembourg City 		Widely recognized LON member state.

M

File:Flag of Mexico (1916–1934).svg → File:Flag of Mexico (1934-1968).svg Mexico – United Mexican States
Capital: Mexico City 		Widely recognized independent state. LON member state from September 12, 1931; declared a member on September 12, 1931. Mexico had sovereignty over one territory:
File:Flag of Monaco.svg Monaco – Principality of Monaco
Capital: Monaco 		Widely recognized independent state.
File:Flag of Muscat.svg Muscat and Oman – Sultanate of Muscat and Oman
Capital: Muscat 		De jure independent state. De facto a British protectorate.

N

File:Flag of the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd.svg → File:Saudi Arabia Flag Variant (1932).svg → File:Saudi Arabia Flag Variant (1934).svg → File:Saudi Arabia Flag Variant (1938).svg Nejd and Hejaz – (personal union to 23 September 1932), Saudi Arabia (from September 23, 1932)
Capital: Riyadh 		Widely recognized independent state. Nejd and Hejaz had sovereignty over one protectorate:
Nepal → Nepal Nepal – Kingdom of Nepal
Capital: Kathmandu 		Widely recognized independent state.
Netherlands Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands
Capital: Amsterdam 		Widely recognized LON member state. The Netherlands had sovereignty over three colonies:
Dominion of Newfoundland → United Kingdom Newfoundland – Dominion of Newfoundland (de facto to February 16, 1934)
Capital: St. John's 		Widely recognized independent state; de facto Commonwealth realm to February 16, 1934.
File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand – Dominion of New Zealand
Capital: Wellington 		Widely recognized LON member state; Commonwealth realm. New Zealand had sovereignty over four dependent territories:

New Zealand administered one League of Nations mandate:

File:Flag of Nicaragua (1908–1971).svg Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua
Capital: Managua 		Widely recognized LON member state under United States occupation to 1933; withdrew on June 27, 1936.
File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway – Kingdom of Norway
Capital: Oslo 		Widely recognized LON member state. Norway had sovereignty over three uninhabited possessions:

P

File:Flag of Panama.svg Panama – Republic of Panama
Capital: Panama City 		Widely recognized LON member state.
File:Flag of Paraguay (1842-1954).svg Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay
Capital: Asunción 		Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on February 23, 1935.
File:Flag of Peru (1884–1950).svg Peru
Capital: Lima 		Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on April 8, 1939.
File:Flag of Poland (1928–1980).svg Poland – Republic of Poland (to 6 October 1939)
Capital: Warsaw 		Widely recognized LON member state. Under occupation by Nazi Germany from 6 October 1939. A government in exile was regarded as the legitimate government by the Allies.
File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal
Capital: Lisbon 		Widely recognized LON member state. The following are colonies and possession of Portugal:

R

File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania – Kingdom of Romania
Capital: Bucharest 		Widely recognized LON member state.

S

File:Flag of San Marino (1862–2011).svg San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
Capital: San Marino 		Widely recognized independent state.
File:Flag of Thailand (TIS 982 draft standard).svg Siam / Thailand
Capital: Bangkok
  • Kingdom of Siam (to 23 June 1939)
  • Kingdom of Thailand (from 23 June 1939)
 Widely recognized LON member state.
File:Flag of South Africa (1928-1982).svg South Africa – Union of South Africa
Capital: Pretoria (administrative), Cape Town (legislative), Pietermaritzburg (archival), Bloemfontein (judicial) 		Widely recognized LON member state; Commonwealth realm. South Africa administered one League of Nations mandate:
File:Flag of the Soviet Union (1924–1936).svg → File:Flag of the USSR (1936-1955).svg Soviet Union – Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Capital: Moscow 		Widely recognized independent state. LON member state from September 18, 1934; expelled on December 14, 1939. The Soviet Union was a federation of seven (later 11) republics.[lower-alpha 5]
File:Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg → File:Flag of Spain 1931 1939.svg → Francoist Spain Spain
Capital: Madrid (1930–1936), Valencia (1936–1937), Barcelona (1937–1939) 		Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on May 9, 1939. Spain had sovereignty over the following colonies and protectorate:
File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden
Capital: Stockholm 		Widely recognized LON member state.
File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland
Capital: Bern 		Widely recognized LON member state.

T

File:Flag of Tibet.svg Tibet
Capital: Lhasa 		De facto independent state. Claimed by the Republic of China.
Ottoman Empire → Turkey Turkey – Republic of Turkey
Capital: Ankara 		Widely recognized independent state. LON member state from July 18, 1932.

U

File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Capital: London 		Widely recognized LON member state. The United Kingdom had sovereignty over 62 colonies:

United Kingdom administered the following League of Nations mandates:

File:Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg United States – United States of America
Capital: Washington, D.C. 		Widely recognized independent state. The United States had sovereignty over 21 territories:
File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay
Capital: Montevideo 		Widely recognized LON member state.

V

File:Flag of Vatican City (2023–present).svg Vatican City – Vatican City State
Capital: Vatican City 		Widely recognized independent state.
File:Flag of Venezuela (1905–1930).svg → File:Flag of Venezuela (1930–1954).svg Venezuela – United States of Venezuela
Capital: Caracas 		Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on July 12, 1938.

Y

File:Flag of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen.svg Yemen – Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen
Capital: Sana'a 		Widely recognized independent state.
File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1918–1943).svg Yugoslavia – Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Capital: Belgrade 		Widely recognized independent state.

Other entities

Excluded from the list above are the following noteworthy entities which either were not fully sovereign or did not claim to be independent:

File:Kurdish flag (1932).png Ararat – Republic of Ararat (to September 17, 1930)
Capital: Kurdava 		Unrecognized state.
 Asch – Free City of Asch (from September 22, 1938 to October 1938)
Capital: Asch 		Unrecognized state.
File:Flag of Asturias (indoor).svg Asturias and León – Sovereign Council of Asturias and León[1] (from September 6, 1936 to October 21, 1937)
Capital: Gijón 		Unrecognized state.
File:Socialist red flag.svg Brazil, Socialist Republic of – Socialist Republic of Brazil (November 23 to 27, 1935)
Capital: Rio de Janeiro 		Unrecognized state. Claimed by Brazil after four days.
File:Flag of Ukraine (1917–1921).svg Carpatho-Ukraine (from 30 December 1938 to 15 March 1939)
Capital: Khust 		Unrecognized state. Occupied by Hungary on March 15, 1939.
Catalonia Catalonia (from 14 to 17 April 1931 and from 6 to 7 October 1934)
Capital: Barcelona 		Self-declared state in 1931; became an autonomous government within the Spanish Republic, named Generalitat of Catalonia, from April 17, 1931. Self-declared revolutionary state in 1934 during the Events of 6 October.
File:Flag of the Republic of China 1912-1928.svg China, Provisional Government of – Provisional Government of the Republic of China (from December 14, 1937)
Capital: Beiping 		Unrecognized state. Puppet state of Japan.
File:Flag of China (1912–1928).svg China, Reformed Government of – Reformed Government of the Republic of China (from March 28, 1938)
Capital: Nanjing 		Unrecognized state. Puppet state of Japan.
File:National Flag of Chinese Soviet Republic.svg China, Soviet Republic of – Chinese Soviet Republic (from November 7, 1931 to September 22, 1937)
Capital: Ruijin (1931–1936), Bao'an (1936–1937), Yan'an (1937) 		Unrecognized state.
File:Red flag.svg Democratic Finland – Finnish Democratic Republic (from December 1, 1939)
Capital: Helsinki (official), Terijoki (de facto) 		Partially recognized socialist republic. Puppet state of the Soviet Union.
File:Flag of the Republic of China 1912-1928.svg East Hebei – East Hebei Autonomous Council (from November 25, 1935 to February 1, 1938)
Capital: Tungchow 		Unrecognized state. Puppet state of Japan.
File:Kokbayraq flag.svg East Turkestan – Turkish Islamic Republic of East Turkestan (from November 12, 1933 to February 6, 1934)
Capital: Kashgar 		De facto unrecognized independent state. De jure regional province of China.
File:Flag of Fujian People's Government.svg Fujian People's Government (from November 22, 1933 to January 13, 1934)
Capital: Fuzhou, Zhangzhou 		Unrecognized state. Annexed by China on January 13, 1934.
File:Hatay flag.svg Hatay – Hatay State (from 7 September 1938 to 7 July 1939)
Capital: Antakya 		Transitional political state. Annexed by Turkey from 7 July 1939.
File:Chinese soviet flag.svg Jiangxi – Chinese Soviet Republic (from November 7, 1931 to September 22, 1937)
Capital: Ruijin (1931–1936), Bao'an (1936–1937), Yan'an (1937) 		Unrecognized state.
File:Flag of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea.svg Korea, Provisional Government of – Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea
Capital-in-exile: Shanghai (to 1932), Hangzhou (1932–1935), Jiaxing (1935), Nanjing (1935–1937), Changsha (1937–1938), Canton (1938–1939), Qijiang (from 1939) 		Partially recognized Korean government-in-exile.
File:Flag of Manchukuo.svg Manchukuo (from February 18, 1932)
Capital: Xinjing
  • State of Manchuria (from February 18, 1932 to March 1, 1934)
  • Empire of Manchuria (from March 1, 1934)
 Puppet state of Japan.
File:Flag of the Mengjiang.svg Mengjiang – Mengjiang United Autonomous Government (from September 1, 1939)
Capital: Kalgan 		Puppet state of Japan.
File:Flag of Mongolia 1924 (alternative).svg Mongolia – Mongolian People's Republic
Capital: Ulaanbataar 		Satellite state of the Soviet Union.
File:Flag of Mongol Military Government (1936-1937).svg Mongol Union (from May 12, 1936 to September 1, 1939)
Capital: Hohhot
  • Mongol Military Government (from May 12, 1936 to October 27, 1937)
  • Mongol United Autonomous Government (from October 27, 1937 to September 1, 1939)
 Puppet state of Japan. Became part of Mengjiang from September 1, 1939.
File:Flag of Jinbei.svg North Shanxi – North Shanxi Autonomous Government (from October 15, 1937 to September 1, 1939)
Capital: Datong 		Puppet state of Japan. Became part of Mengjiang from September 1, 1939.
File:National Flag of Chinese Soviet Republic.svg Northwest Soviet Federation – Northwestern Federation of the Chinese Soviet Republic (from May 30, 1935 to July 1, 1936)
Capital: Mao County (to 1935), Barkam (to 1935), Jinchuan County (to 1935), Garzê County (from 1935 to 1936) 		Unrecognized state. A confederation of two ethnic minority governments including the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Geledesha and the Tibetan People's Republic.
File:Flag of the Great Way Municipal Government of Shanghai.svg Shanghai – Great Way Municipal Government of Shanghai (from December 5, 1937 to May 3, 1938)
Capital: Pudong 		Puppet government of Japan.
File:Flag of Slovakia (1939–1945).svg Slovakia – Slovak Republic (from March 14, 1939)
Capital: Bratislava 		Client state of Nazi Germany recognized by several neutral states.
File:Flag of the Mengjiang.svg South Chahar – South Chahar Autonomous Government (from September 4, 1937 to September 1, 1939)
Capital: Kalgan 		Puppet state of Japan. Became part of Mengjiang from September 1, 1939.
File:Flag of the Tuvan People's Republic (1930-1935).svg → File:Flag of the Tuvan People's Republic (1933-1939).svg Tuva – Tuvan People's Republic
Capital: Khem-Beldyr (renamed Kyzyl in 1926) 		Partially recognized socialist republic. Satellite state of the Soviet Union.
 Western Oromia – Western Galla Confederation[2] (to 1936)
Capital: Gore 		Unrecognized state.Rump Oromo state in western Ethiopia.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ 15 Provinces: Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Córdoba, Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, Tucumán. 9 Territories: Buenos Aires, Chaco, Chubut, Formosa, Misiones, Neuquén, Río Negro, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego.
  2. ↑ 6 States: New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia. 3 Territories: Australian Capital Territory, Jervis Bay Territory, Northern Territory.
  3. ↑ 20 States: Alagoas, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe. 1 Territory: Acre. 1 federal district: Federal District.
  4. ↑ Claimed by Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea (partially recognized government-in-exile).
  5. ↑ Byelorussian SSR, Russian SFSR, Transcaucasian SFSR (to December 5, 1936), Ukrainian SSR, Uzbek SSR, Turkmen SSR, Tajik SSR, Armenian SSR (from December 5, 1936), Azerbaijan SSR (from December 5, 1936), Georgian SSR (from December 5, 1936), Kazakh SSR (from December 5, 1936), Kirghiz SSR (from December 5, 1936).

References

  1. ↑ Morán García Robes, Julio (1997). Las Humanidades en Acatlan – Asturias en la Guerra civil española. México D.F.: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. p. 33. ISBN 9683650449. Retrieved 4 October 2013. (in Spanish)
  2. ↑ Gebissa, Ezekiel (2002). "The Italian Invasion, the Ethiopian Empire, and Oromo Nationalism: The Significance of the Western Oromo Confederation of 1936". Northeast African Studies. 9 (3): 75–96. ISSN 0740-9133.
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