List of sovereign states in the 1870s
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This is a list of sovereign states in the 1870s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1870 and 31 December 1879. It contains entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes widely recognized sovereign states, entities which were de facto sovereign but which were not widely recognized by other states.
Sovereign states
| Name and capital city | Information on status and recognition of sovereignty | |
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
A | ||
|
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| Abuja – Abuja Emirate Capital: Abuja |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
| ||
| File:Flag of Afghanistan (1880–1901).svg Afghanistan – Emirate of Afghanistan (to 24 May 1879) Capital: Kabul |
Widely recognized independent state to 24 May 1879. De-jure British protected state from 24 May 1879. | |
|
| ||
| Agadez – Tenere Sultanate of Aïr[1] Capital: Agadez |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
| ||
| File:Flag of Andorra (end of the 19th century-c. 1930s).svg Andorra – Principality of Andorra[2] Capital: Andorra la Vella |
Widely recognized independent state. The President of France and Bishop of Urgell were ex officio Co-Princes of Andorra. The defense of Andorra was the responsibility of France and Spain. | |
|
| ||
| Angoche – Angoche Sultanate[3] Capital: Angoche | ||
|
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| File:Flag of Ankole.svg Ankole – Kingdom of Ankole[4] Capital: Mbarara |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
| ||
| Annam – Empire of Annam Capital: Phú Xuân |
Widely recognized state. Internal imperial system within Chinese tributary. | |
|
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| Anziku – Anziku Kingdom (to 1875) Capital: Monsol |
Widely recognized state to 1875. Annexed by France in 1875. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Argentina (1861–2010).svg Argentina – Argentine Republic[5] Capital: Buenos Aires | ||
|
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| File:Omu Aro flag.jpg Aro – Aro Confederacy Capital: Arochukwu |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Ashanti.svg Ashanti – Asante Union[6] Capital: Kumasi |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Red flag.svg Aussa – Sultanate of Aussa[7] Capital: Aussa |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Austria-Hungary (1867–1918).svg Austria-Hungary – Austro-Hungarian Empire[8] Capital: Vienna (Cisleithania), Budapest (Transleithania) |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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B | ||
|
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| File:Flag of Baden 1862.svg Baden – Grand Duchy of Baden[9] (to 18 January 1871) Capital: Karlsruhe |
Widely recognized state to 18 January 1871. State of the North German Confederation to 18 January 1871. Became part of the German Empire on 18 January 1871. | |
|
| ||
| Baguirmi – Kingdom of Baguirmi[10] Capital: Massenya |
Tributary state of the Bornu Empire. | |
|
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| File:Old Flag of Bali.svg Bali – Kingdom of Bali Capital: Klungkung |
Widely recognized state. Bali was a series of kingdoms that ruled the island of Bali. | |
|
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| Baol – Kingdom of Baol[11] Capital: Diourbel |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Barotseland.svg Barotseland – Kingdom of Barotseland[12] Capital: Mongu |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Bavaria (striped).svg Bavaria – Kingdom of Bavaria (to 18 January 1871) Capital: Munich |
Widely recognized state to 18 January 1871. State of the North German Confederation to 18 January 1871. Became part of the German Empire on 18 January 1871. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Belgium.svg Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium[13] Capital: Brussels |
Widely recognized state. Belgium has sovereignty over 1 condominium:
| |
|
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| File:Drapeau Royaume Ait Abbas (Beni Abbès).svg Beni Abbas – Kingdom of Beni Abbas (to 1872) Capital: Kalâa of Ait Abbas |
Widely recognized state to 1872. Annexed by France in 1872. | |
|
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| File:Unidentified West African flag.svg Benin – Kingdom of Benin[14] Capital: Edo |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan Capital: Punakha |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Biu – Biu Kingdom Capital: Biu |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Bolivia Bolivia – Republic of Bolivia Capital: Sucre (official), La Paz (administrative) |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Bora Bora.svg Bora Bora – Kingdom of Bora Bora[15] Capital: Nunue, Vaitape |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of the Bornu Empire.svg Bornu – Bornu Empire[16] Capital: Ngazargamu |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Brakna – Brakna Emirate Capital: Aleg |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Brazil (1870–1889).svg Brazil – Empire of Brazil Capital: Rio de Janeiro |
Brazil was a federation of 20 states and one federal district.[lower-alpha 1] | |
|
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| File:Old Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei – Sultanate of Brunei Capital: Kampong Ayer |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Red flag.svg Buganda – Kingdom of Buganda Capital: Mengo |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria – Principality of Bulgaria (from 1878)[17] Capital: Sofia |
De facto independent, and de jure vassal state under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire. | |
|
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| File:Flag of the Emirate of Bukhara.svg Bukhara – Emirate of Bukhara[18] (to 1873) Capital: Bukhara |
Widely recognized state to 1873. Annexed by Russia in 1873. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Bulungan.svg Bulungan – Sultanate of Bulungan Capital: Tanjung Palas |
Widely recognized state. Vassal state of Sulu. | |
|
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| File:Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom Flag.png Bunyoro – Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom Capital: Hoima |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Konbaung Dynasty (Nonrectangular).svg Burma – Kingdom of Burma[19] Capital: Mandalay |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Burundi – Kingdom of Burundi Capital: Gitega |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Busoga (royal standard).png Busoga – Kingdom of Busoga Capital: Bugembe |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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C | ||
|
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| File:Canadian Red Ensign (1868–1921).svg Canada – Dominion of Canada Capital: Ottawa |
Widely recognized state. Commonwealth realm. | |
|
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| File:Flag Of Cayor2.png Cayor – Kingdom of Cayor (to 1879) Capital: Mboul |
Widely recognized state to 1879. Incorporated to French West Africa in 1879. | |
|
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| File:Flag of the Kingdom of Champasak (1713-1947).svg Champasak – Kingdom of Champasak[20] Capital: Champasak |
Widely recognized state. Vassal state of Siam. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile – Liberal Republic of Chile[21] Capital: Santiago |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Chokwe – Chokwe Kingdom Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of the Qing Dynasty (1862-1889).svg → File:Flag of the Qing Dynasty (1889-1912).svg China – Great Qing Empire Capital: Beijing |
Widely recognized state. China had sovereignty over the following territories:
| |
|
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| File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia – United States of Colombia Capital: Bogota |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Costa Rica Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica Capital: San Jose |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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D | ||
|
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| Dagbon – Kingdom of Dagbon Capital: Yendi |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Ghezo of Dahomey.svg Dahomey – Kingdom of Dahomey[22] Capital: Abomey |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Central Vietnam (1885-1890).svg Dai Nam – Dai Nam Realm Capital: Phú Xuân |
Widely recognized state. Tributary state of China. | |
|
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| Damagaram – Sultanate of Damagaram Capital: Zinder |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Dar al Kuti – Sultanate of Dar Al Kuti[23] Capital: N'Délé |
Widely recognized state. Vassal state of Dar Runga. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Darfur.svg Darfur – Sultanate of Darfur (to 1874) Capital: Al Fashir |
Widely recognized state to 1874. Conquered by Mahdist Sudan in 1874 | |
|
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| File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark Capital: Copenhagen |
Widely recognized state. Denmark had sovereignty over the following overseas territories: | |
|
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| File:Flag of Dhala.svg Dhala – Emirate of Dhala Capital: Dhale |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic – Second Republic Capital: Santo Domingo |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Dosso – Dosso Kingdom Capital: Dosso |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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E | ||
|
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| Ecuador Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador Capital: Quito |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of El Salvador (1869).svg → File:Flag of El Salvador (1873-1875).svg → File:Flag of El Salvador (1875-1877).svg El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador Capital: San Salvador |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Ethiopian Pennants.svg → File:Flag of Ethiopia (1897–1974).svg Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire Capital: Addis Ababa |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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F | ||
|
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| File:Flag of the Sultanate of Fadhli.svg Fadhli – Fadhli Sultanate[24] Capital: Shuqrah |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Fante – Fante Confederacy (to 1874) Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state to 1874. Incorporated into the Gold Coast in 1874. | |
|
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| File:Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1958).svg France Capital: Paris
|
Widely recognized independent state. France had sovereignty over the following overseas territories:
| |
|
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| File:Flag of the Imamate of Futa Djallon (pre-1896).svg Futa Jallon – Imamate of Futa Jallon Capital: Timbo |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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G | ||
|
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| Garo – Kingdom of Garo Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Gaza – Gaza Empire[25] Capital: Manjacaze |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Geledi – Sultanate of the Geledi Capital: Afgooye |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Gera – Kingdom of Gera Capital: Chala |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of the German Empire.svg Germany – German Empire (from 18 January 1871) Capital: Berlin |
Widely recognized state from 18 January 1871. The German Empire consisted of 25 constituent states and an imperial territory. | |
|
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| Gomma – Kingdom of Gomma Capital: Agaro |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of the Sultanate of Gowa.svg Gowa – Sultanate of Gowa Capital: Jongaya |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Greece (1828-1978).svg Greece – Kingdom of Greece Capital: Athens |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Guatemala (1858–1871).svg → File:Flag of Guatemala (1871-1968).svg Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala Capital: Guatemala City |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Gumma – Kingdom of Gumma Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Gyaaman – State of Gyaaman Capital: Sampa, Drobo |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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H | ||
|
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| File:Flag of the Emirate of Ha'il.svg Ha'il – Emirate of Jabal Shammar Capital: Ha'il |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Haiti Haiti – Republic of Haiti[26] Capital: Port-au-Prince |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Muhammad Ali.svg Harar – Emirate of Harar (to 1875) Capital: Ge |
Widely recognized state to 1875. Client state of the Khedivate of Egypt from 1875. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Hawaii (1896).svg Hawaii – Kingdom of Hawaii Capital: Honolulu |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flagge Großherzogtum Hessen ohne Wappen.svg Hesse-Darmstadt – Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine (to 18 January 1871) Capital: Darmstadt |
Widely recognized state to 18 January 1871. State of the North German Confederation to 18 January 1871. Became part of the German Empire on 18 January 1871. | |
|
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| File:Majeerteen sultanate flag.jpg Hobyo – Sultanate of Hobyo (from 1878) Capital: Hobyo |
Widely recognized state from 1878. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Honduras (1866-1898).svg Honduras – Republic of Honduras Capital: Tegucigalpa |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Huahine.svg Huahine – Kingdom of Huahine Capital: Huahine |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Hunza.svg Hunza – State of Hunza Capital: Baltit |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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I | ||
|
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| Igala – Igala Kingdom[24] Capital: Idah |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Igara – Kingdom of Igara
Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
| ||
| Ilé-Ifẹ̀ – Ilé-Ifẹ̀ Kingdom Capital: Ilé-Ifẹ̀ |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Isaaq Flag.svg Isaaq – Isaaq Sultanate Capital: Hargeisa |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg Italy – Kingdom of Italy Capital: Rome |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
|
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J | ||
|
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| File:Merchant flag of Japan (1870).svg Japan – Empire of Japan Capital: Tokyo City |
Widely recognized state. Japan had sovereignty over the following overseas territories: | |
|
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| Jimma – Kingdom of Jimma Capital: Jiren |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Jolof – Jolof Kingdom Capital: Ouarkhokh |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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K | ||
|
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| Kaarta – Kingdom of Kaarta Capital: Diangounté, Nioros |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Kabulistan – Kingdom of Kabul (to 12 October 1879) Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state to 12 October 1879. | |
|
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| Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa Capital: Bonga, Anderaccha |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Kajara – Kajara Kingdom Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Royal Banner of the Kingdom of Kakongo (c. 1883).svg Kakongo – Kingdom of Kakongo Capital: Kinguele |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:FlagofKalat.svg Kalat – Khanate of Kalat (to 1875) Capital: Kalat |
Widely recognized state to 1875. Incorporated to British India in 1875. | |
|
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| File:Kano flag.svg Kano – Emirate of Kano Capital: Takai |
Widely recognized state. Vassal of the Sokoto Caliphate | |
|
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| Kasanje – Jaga Kingdom Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Kathiri flag.svg Kathiri – Hadhrami Kathiri Dynasty in Seiyun Capital: Seiyun |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Kebbi – Kebbi Emirate Capital: Argungu |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Kénédougou – Kénédougou Kingdom Capital: Sikasso |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Khasso – Kingdom of Khasso Capital: Médine |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Bandera de Khiva abans 1917.svg Khiva – Khanate of Khiva (to 12 August 1873) Capital: Khiva |
Widely recognized state to 12 August 1873. Annexed by Russia on 12 August 1873. | |
|
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| File:Flag of the Khanate of Kokand.svgKokand – Khanate of Kokand}}'Kokand' – Khanate of Kokand (to 19 February 1876) Capital: Kokand |
Widely recognized state to 19 February 1876. | |
|
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| Kong – Kong Empire Capital: Kong |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of the Kingdom of Kongo according to Giovanni Cavazzi da Montecuccolo.svg Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo Capital: Mbanza-Kongo |
Vassal of the Kingdom of Portugal. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Korea (1856).png Korea – Kingdom of Great Joseon Capital: Seoul |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Koya Temne – Kingdom of Koya Capital: Grand Cape Mount |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Kuba – Kingdom of Kuba Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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L | ||
|
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| Lafia Beri-Beri – Lafia Beri-Beri Kingdom Capital: Lafia |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Liberia.svg Liberia – Republic of Liberia Capital: Monrovia |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Liechtenstein (1852-1921).svg Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein Capital: Vaduz |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Limmu-Ennarea – Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea Capital: Saqqa |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of the Kingdom of Loango.svg Loango – Kingdom of Loango Capital: Buali |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Lower Yafa.svg Lower Yafa – Sultanate of Lower Yafa Capital: Jaʿār |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Luba – Luba Empire Capital: Mwibele |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Lunda – Luba Empire Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Capital: Luxembourg City |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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M | ||
|
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| File:Flag of Maguindanao.svg Maguindanao – Sultanate of Maguindanao Capital: Kuta Watu |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Mahra – Sultanate of Mahra Capital: Qishn |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Majeerteen sultanate flag.jpg Majeerteen Sultanate – Majeerteen Kingdom Capital: Alula |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of the Maldives until 1903.png Maldives – Sultanate of Maldive Islands Capital: Malé |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of the Kingdom of Mangareva 1832-1843.svg Mangareva – Kingdom of Mangareva Capital: Mangareva |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Manipur – Kingdom of Manipur Capital: Imphal |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Maravi – Kingdom of Maravi Capital: Manthimba |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Matabeleland – Matabele Kingdom Capital: Bulawayo |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Mbunda – Mbunda Kingdom
Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
| ||
| File:Merina Kingdom flag.svg Merina – Kingdom of Imerina Capital: Antananarivo |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Mexico Mexico Capital: Mexico City
|
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Monaco.svg Monaco – Principality of Monaco Capital: Monaco |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Montenegro (1860–1905).svg Montenegro – Principality of Montenegro Capital: Cetinje |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Morocco Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco Capital: Fes |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Mossi Kingdoms – Mossi Empire Capital: Multiple capitals |
Widely recognized independent state. The following are a number of different kingdoms that make up the Mossi Empire: | |
|
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| Mthwakazi – Kingdom of Mthwakazi Capital: Bulawayo |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Muscat.svg Muscat and Oman – Sultanate of Muscat and Oman Capital: Muscat |
De jure independent state. De facto a British protectorate. | |
|
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| Mutayr – Emirate of Mutayr Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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N | ||
|
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| File:Flag of Negeri Sembilan.svg Negeri Sembilan Capital: Seremban |
Widely recognized state. | |
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| File:Flag of the Emirate of Riyadh (1902-1913).svg Nejd – Emirate of Nejd Capital: Riyadh |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Nepal (1856-c.1930).svg Nepal – Kingdom of Nepal Capital: Kathmandu |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands – Kingdom of The Netherlands Capital: Amsterdam |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Nicaragua (1839-1858).svg Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua Capital: Managua |
Widely recognized state. | |
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| ||
| Niue – Kingdom of Niue-Fekai Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of the German Empire.svg North German Confederation (to 18 January 1871) Capital: Berlin |
Widely recognized state to 18 January 1871. Incorporated to the German Empire on 18 January 1871. | |
|
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| Nri – Kingdom of Nri Capital: Igbo-Ukwu |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
| ||
| Nshenyi – Nshenyi Kingdom Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
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O | ||
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| Obwera – Obwera Kingdom Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
| ||
| Onitsha – Onitsha Kingdom Capital: Onitsha |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
| ||
| File:Flag of the Orange Free State.svg Orange Free State Capital: Bloemfontein |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
| ||
| Oron – Oron Nation Capital: Oron |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
| ||
| Orungu – Kingdom of Orungu (to 1873)[27] Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state to 1873. Annexed by France in 1873. | |
|
| ||
| File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State Capital: Constantinople |
Widely recognized state. The following are autonomous territories of the Ottoman Empire:
| |
|
| ||
| Oyo – Oyo Empire Capital: Oyo-Ile |
Widely recognized state. | |
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P | ||
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| File:Flag of Pahang (1853 - 1887).svg Pahang – Sultanate of Pahang Capital: Pekan |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
| ||
| File:Flag of the State of the Church (1870) Porta Pia.svg Papal States – State of the Church (to 20 September 1870) Capital: Rome |
Widely recognized state. Annexed by the Kingdom of Italy on 20 September 1870. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Paraguay (1842-1954).svg Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay Capital: Asunción |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
| ||
| Pate – Pate Sultanate (to 1870) Capital: Faza |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
| ||
| File:Flag of Patani Kingdom (until 1816).svg Patani – Sultanate of Patani[28] Capital: Patani |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Perak.svg Perak – Sultanate of Perak (to 20 January 1874) Capital: Ipoh |
Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom on 20 January 1874. | |
|
| ||
| File:Amir Kabir Flag.svg Persia – Sublime State of Persia Capital: Tehran |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
| ||
| File:Flag of Peru (1825–1884).svg Peru Capital: Lima
|
Widely recognized state to 2 November 1879. De facto independent state from 2 November 1879. | |
|
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| File:Flag Portugal (1830).svg Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal Capital: Lisbon |
Widely recognized state. The following are colonies, vassal state and possession of Portugal:
| |
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| Potiskum – Potiskum Emirate Capital: Potiskum |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Q | ||
|
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| File:Flag of Quaiti Hadramaut.svg Qu'aiti – Qu'aiti Sultanate of Shihr and Mukalla[29] Capital: Al-Shihr |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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R | ||
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| File:Flag of Raiatea.svg Raiatea – Kingdom of Raiatea Capital: Uturoa |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Easter Island flag 1876 to 1888.svg Rapa Nui – Kingdom of Rapa Nui Capital: Anakena |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Rarotonga 1858-1888.svg Rarotonga – Kingdom of Rarotonga Capital: Anakena |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania – Romanian United Principalities Capital: Bucharest |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
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| Rujumbura – Rujumbura Kingdom Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
| ||
| Rukiga – Rukiga Kingdom Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
| ||
| File:Romanov Flag.svg Russia – Russian Empire Capital: Saint Petersburg |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
| ||
| Rwanda – Kingdom of Rwanda Capital: Nyanza |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
| ||
States claiming sovereignty | ||
| File:Flag of the Sultanate of Aceh.svg Aceh – Sultanate of Aceh Capital: Kutaraja |
Protectorate of the Ottoman Empire. | |
|
| ||
| File:Provisional Government of Saskatchewan flag.svg Assiniboia – Provisional Government of Assiniboia (to 1870) Capital: Batoche |
Unrecognized state, Provisional Government. Claimed by the Dominion of Canada. | |
|
| ||
| File:Bahnmarke bleibt an Backbord liegen.svg Cartagena – Canton of Cartagena (from 12 July 1873 to 13 January 1874) Capital: Cartagena |
Unrecognized state. Claimed by the First Spanish Republic. | |
|
| ||
| File:Naval Jack of Cuba.svg Cuba – Republic of Cuba Capital: Havana |
Unrecognized state. | |
|
| ||
| Fiji Fiji – Kingdom of Fiji (from 5 June 1871 to 10 October 1874) Capital: Suva |
Unrecognized state. Claimed by the United Kingdom on 10 October 1874. | |
|
| ||
| Goust – Republic of Goust Capital: None |
Unrecognized state. | |
|
| ||
| File:Bahnmarke bleibt an Backbord liegen.svg Málaga – Canton of Málaga (from 18 July 1873 to 19 September 1873) Capital: Málaga |
Unrecognized state. Claimed by the First Spanish Republic. | |
|
| ||
| File:Socialist red flag.svg Paris – Paris Commune (from 18 March 1871 to 28 May 1871) Capital: None |
Unrecognized state. Claimed by the French Republic. | |
|
| ||
| File:Flag of the Republic of Tamrash.svg Tamrash – Republic of Tamrash (from 1878) Capital: Málaga |
Unrecognized state. Self-governing administrative structure of the Pomaks. | |
|
| ||
| File:Bahnmarke bleibt an Backbord liegen.svg Valencia – Canton of Valencia (from 18 July 1873 to 8 August 1873) Capital: Valencia |
Unrecognized state. Claimed by the First Spanish Republic. | |
|
| ||
| File:Ma Clique Flag.png Xibei San Ma Capital: None |
Unrecognized state. | |
|
| ||
| File:Flag of Yettishar (1865-1873).svg → File:Flag of Yettishar (1873-1877).svg Yettishar – Kingdom of Kashgaria (to 18 December 1877) Capital: Kashgar |
Unrecognized state. Vassal of the Ottoman Empire from 1873 to 18 December 1877. | |
|
| ||
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R
- File:Flag of Ryukyu.svg Ryūkyū Kingdom – Kingdom of Ryūkyū (to March 13, 1879)
S
- Samoa – Kingdom of Samoa
- File:Flag of San Marino (1862–2011).svg San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
- File:Flag of the Raj of Sarawak (1848).svg → File:Flag of the Kingdom of Sarawak (1870).svg Sarawak – Kingdom of Sarawak
- File:Flag of Selangor.svg Selangor – Sultanate of Selangor
- File:Civil Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia – Principality of Serbia (from 1878)
- Thailand Siam – Kingdom of Siam
- File:Flag of the Sokoto Caliphate.svg Sokoto – Sokoto Caliphate
.svg){kind=link}
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South African Republic → Transvaal
- File:Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg → File:Flag of the First Spanish Republic.svg → File:Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg Spain[30]
- Kingdom of Spain (to February 11, 1873)
- Spanish Republic (from February 11, 1873, to December 29, 1874)
- Kingdom of Spain (from December 29, 1874)
- File:18th Century Flag of Sulu.svg → File:Late 19th Century Flag of Sulu.svg Sulu – Sultanate of Sulu
- Sweden Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden (in personal union with Norway)
- Switzerland Switzerland – Swiss Confederation
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.svg){kind=link}
.svg){kind=link}
T
- File:Flag of the Tahiti Protectorate 1843-1880.svg Tahiti – Kingdom of Tahiti
- Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga
- File:Flag of Toro, Uganda.svg Toro – Toro Kingdom (to 1876)
- Toucouleur – Toucouleur Empire
- Tuggurt – Sultanate of Tuggurt
U
- File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
- File:Flag of the United States (1867-1877).svg → File:Flag of the United States (1877-1890).svg United States – United States of America
- File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay
.svg){kind=link}
.svg){kind=link}
V
.svg){kind=link}
W
- Wassoulou – Wassoulou Empire (from 1878)
- Welayta – Kingdom of Welayta
- File:Flagge Königreich Württemberg.svg Württemberg – Kingdom of Württemberg (to January 18, 1871)
Y
Z
- File:Flag of Zanzibar Under British Rule.svg Zanzibar – Sultanate of Zanzibar
- Zululand – Kingdom of the Zulus
States claiming sovereignty
- File:FlagGriekwalandEast.svg Griqualand East (to 1874)
- Manitobah – Republic of Manitobah
- File:Flag of Tavolara.svg Tavolara – Kingdom of Tavolara
Notes
- ↑ 20 States: Alagoas, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe. 1 Federal District: Federal District.
References
- ↑ James B. Minahan (2016). Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition. ABC-CLIO. p. 418. ISBN 978-1-61069-954-9.
- ↑ "Andorra". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. November 3, 2021. Retrieved 2021-11-17.
- ↑ Syed, Muzaffar Husain; Akhtar, Syed Saud; Usmani, B. D. (14 September 2011). Concise History of Islam. New Delhi, India: Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. p. 162. ISBN 978-93-82573-47-0. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ↑ Briggs, Philip; Roberts, Andrew (5 November 2016). Uganda. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 534. ISBN 9781784770228. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
- ↑ "Argentina". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 2021-11-16. Retrieved 2021-11-19.
- ↑ "Asante empire". Britannica. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
- ↑ Thesiger, Wilfred (1935). "The Awash River and the Aussa Sultanate". The Geographical Journal. 85 (1): 1–19. Bibcode:1935GeogJ..85....1T. doi:10.2307/1787031. JSTOR 1787031.
- ↑ McCarthy, Justin (1880). A History of Our Own Times, from 1880 to the Diamond Jubilee. New York, United States of America: Harper & Brothers, Publishers. pp. 475–476.
- ↑ One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Baden, Grand Duchy of". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- ↑ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 201.
- ↑ Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire, Bulletin: Sciences humaines, Volume 38 (1976), pp. 452-458
- ↑ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: Unknown parameter|ages=ignored (help) - ↑ "Belgium". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 2022-01-21. Retrieved 2022-02-06.
- ↑ Bradbury, R. E. (16 August 2018). "Continuities and Discontinuities in Pre-colonial and Colonial Benin Politics (1897–1951)". Benin Studies. Routledge. pp. 76–128. doi:10.4324/9781351031264-4. ISBN 978-1-351-03126-4. S2CID 159119713. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
- ↑ "Bora-Bora". Britannica. Retrieved March 6, 2022.
- ↑ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 265.
- ↑ Pearson, Raymond (25 September 2014). The Longman Companion to European Nationalism 1789–1920. Routledge. ISBN 9781317897774. Retrieved 15 October 2017 – via Google Books.
- ↑ Golden, Peter B. (2011). Central Asia in World History. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. p. 115.
- ↑ Ni, Lee Bih (2013). Brief History of Myanmar and Thailand. Universiti Malaysi Sabah. p. 7. ISBN 9781229124791.
- ↑ Murdoch, John B. (1974). "The 1901-1902 Holy Man's Rebellion" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society. JSS Vol.62.1 (digital image). Siam Heritage Trust: 2–9. Archived from the original (free) on July 13, 2018. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
Furthest afield were Vientiane and Bassac....
- ↑ "República Liberal - Memoria Chilena, Biblioteca Nacional de Chile". memoriachilena.gob.cl.
- ↑ Newbury, C. W. (1959). "A Note on the Abomey Protectorate". Africa. 29 (2): 146–155. doi:10.2307/1157517. JSTOR 1157517. S2CID 145105979.
- ↑ Garbou, Henri (1912). "La région du Tchad et du Oudaï; études ethnographiques, dialecte Toubou". Bulletin de Correspondence Africaine. XLVII1.
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 Aitchison, G (1931). A Collection Of Treaties, Engagements And Sanads Relating To India And Neighbouring Countries. Vol. xi. Government of India. pp. 7–9. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 544–545.
- ↑ Heinl, Robert (1996). Written in Blood: The Story of the Haitian People, 1492–1995. Lantham, Maryland: University Press of America. p. 791.
- ↑ Gates, Henry Louis & Kwame Anthony Appiah (1999). Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience. New York City: Basic Civitas Books. pp. 2095 Pages. ISBN 0-465-00071-1.
- ↑ Koch, Margaret L. (1977). "Patani and the Development of A Thai State". Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 50 (2 (232)): 69–88. JSTOR 41492172.
- ↑ McLaughlin, Daniel (2008). "10: Southeast Yemen". Yemen. Bradt Travel Guides. pp. 191–198. ISBN 978-1-8416-2212-5.
- ↑ The country had a provisional government ending in 1871.
