Sukma Games

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Sukma Games
File:Logo-sukma.jpg
Sukma Games logo
First event1986 Sukma Games in Kuala Lumpur
Occur everyTwo years
Last event2024 Sukma Games in Sarawak
PurposeMulti-sport event for states in Malaysia
WebsiteNational Sports Council of Malaysia

The Sukma Games (Malay: Sukan Malaysia, lit.: Malaysian Games) is a biennial national multi-sport event involving young athletes from Malaysia's 13 states and 3 Federal Territories. The games are regulated by the National Sports Council of Malaysia, the state sports council of the respective member states, the Olympic Council of Malaysia and the National Sports association of the games respective sporting event. The logo was designed by Anuar bin Dan in 1986.[1][2][3]

Participating teams

[4]

Notes:

  1. ^ Not from within Malaysia, only compete at the Sukma Games.
  2. ^ Kuala Lumpur and Labuan participate as a combined Federal Territories team since 2006 Sukma Games, but are still competing separately at the Para Sukma Games.

Former participating teams

Notes:

  1. ^ Not from within Malaysia.

Sports

The list below shows the sports that are played at all the Sukma Games since 1986.[5][6]

Core sports

Optional sports

All-time medal table

Below shows the all time medal table of Sukma Games from 1986 to 2018. Defunct teams are highlighted in italics.

Sukma Games all-time medal table
RankStateGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1File:Flag of Selangor.svg Selangor8007868872,473
2File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak7116497052,065
3File:Flag of Perak.svg Perak4434676161,526
4File:Flag of Terengganu.svg Terengganu4384465731,457
5File:Flag of Pahang.svg Pahang4163914391,246
6File:Flag of Penang (Malaysia).svg Penang4154255511,391
7File:Flag of Johor.svg Johor3533735061,232
8File:Flag of Sabah.svg Sabah3103674881,165
9File:Flag of the Federal Territories of Malaysia.svg Federal Territory3033163871,006
10File:Flag of Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.svg Kuala Lumpur274276279829
11File:Flag of Kedah.svg Kedah273252367892
12File:Flag of Negeri Sembilan.svg Negeri Sembilan241242346829
13File:Flag of Malacca.svg Malacca210211278699
14File:Flag of Kelantan.svg Kelantan139150193482
15File:Flag of Perlis.svg Perlis6771153291
16File:Flag placeholder.svg Police313645112
17Malaysia Universities17171549
18File:Flag of the Malaysian Armed Forces.svg Armed Forces12273978
19File:Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei5153353
20File:Flag of Labuan.svg Labuan221014
21Malaysia Schools22913
22File:Flag of the Northern Territory.svg Northern Territory1012
Totals (22 entries)5,4635,5216,92017,904

Medal table by edition

1986 Sukma Games

  *   Host nation ( Kuala Lumpur)

1986 Sukma Games medal table
RankStateGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1Malaysia Kuala Lumpur*36322290
2File:Flag of Selangor.svg Selangor23141451
3File:Flag of Sarawak (1973–1988).svg Sarawak1381435
4File:Flag of Perak.svg Perak10151742
5File:Flag of Penang (Malaysia).svg Penang9202150
6File:Flag of Sabah (1982-1988).svg Sabah98825
7File:Flag placeholder.svg Police94720
8File:Flag of Johor.svg Johor65617
9File:Flag of Kedah.svg Kedah551121
10File:Flag of the Malaysian Armed Forces.svg Armed Forces281121
11File:Flag of Malacca.svg Malacca2158
12File:Flag of Terengganu.svg Terengganu2147
13File:Flag of Pahang.svg Pahang14611
14File:Flag of Negeri Sembilan.svg Negeri Sembilan0145
15File:Flag of Kelantan.svg Kelantan0112
16File:Flag of Perlis.svg Perlis0011
17Malaysia Universities0000
Totals (17 entries)127127152406
Source: [7]

1988 Sukma Games

  *   Host nation ( Kuala Lumpur)

1988 Sukma Games medal table
RankStateGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1File:Flag of Selangor.svg Selangor26172972
2File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak24181557
3File:Flag of Penang (Malaysia).svg Penang19141548
4Malaysia Kuala Lumpur*12122246
5File:Flag of Negeri Sembilan.svg Negeri Sembilan106521
6File:Flag of Johor.svg Johor93921
7File:Flag of Kedah.svg Kedah66820
8File:Flag placeholder.svg Police63514
9File:Flag of Malacca.svg Malacca57416
10File:Flag of Sabah.svg Sabah412824
11Malaysia Universities44816
12File:Flag of Perak.svg Perak3202144
13File:Flag of Terengganu.svg Terengganu2248
14File:Flag of Kelantan.svg Kelantan13711
15File:Flag of Pahang.svg Pahang1157
16File:Flag of Perlis.svg Perlis1056
17File:Flag of the Malaysian Armed Forces.svg Armed Forces0112
Totals (17 entries)133129171433

1990 Sukma Games

  *   Host nation (Sarawak)

1990 Sukma Games medal table
RankStateGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak*44171879
2File:Flag of Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.svg Kuala Lumpur19201857
3File:Flag of Penang (Malaysia).svg Penang17222463
4File:Flag of Perak.svg Perak12162250
5File:Flag of Selangor.svg Selangor11183463
6File:Flag of Negeri Sembilan.svg Negeri Sembilan74415
7File:Flag of Sabah.svg Sabah541019
8File:Flag of Malacca.svg Malacca46616
9File:Flag placeholder.svg Police44210
File:Flag of Terengganu.svg Terengganu44210
11File:Flag of Kedah.svg Kedah27615
12File:Flag of Johor.svg Johor251219
13File:Flag of Kelantan.svg Kelantan2237
14File:Flag of Perlis.svg Perlis1078
15File:Flag of Pahang.svg Pahang0257
16Malaysia Universities0213
17File:Flag of the Malaysian Armed Forces.svg Armed Forces0123
Totals (17 entries)134134176444

1992 Sukma Games

  *   Host nation (Johor)

1992 Sukma Games medal table
RankStateGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak36272689
2File:Flag of Johor.svg Johor*26212269
3File:Flag of Selangor.svg Selangor23254189
4File:Flag of Penang (Malaysia).svg Penang22282272
5File:Flag of Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.svg Kuala Lumpur22233277
6File:Flag of Perak.svg Perak18102149
7File:Flag of Sabah.svg Sabah9161338
8File:Flag of Malacca.svg Malacca761225
9File:Flag of Kedah.svg Kedah67821
10File:Flag of Negeri Sembilan.svg Negeri Sembilan65314
11File:Flag of the Malaysian Armed Forces.svg Armed Forces551828
12File:Flag of Pahang.svg Pahang55818
13Malaysia Universities45211
14File:Flag of Kelantan.svg Kelantan391224
15File:Flag of Terengganu.svg Terengganu341017
16File:Flag placeholder.svg Police2158
17File:Flag of Perlis.svg Perlis2002
Totals (17 entries)199197255651

1994 Sukma Games

  *   Host nation (Perak)

1994 Sukma Games medal table
RankStateGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak39283097
2File:Flag of Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.svg Kuala Lumpur31392696
3File:Flag of Selangor.svg Selangor284133102
4File:Flag of Perak.svg Perak*26262577
5File:Flag of Pahang.svg Pahang21162057
6File:Flag of Sabah.svg Sabah19141447
7File:Flag of Johor.svg Johor17132252
8File:Flag of Penang (Malaysia).svg Penang13122449
9File:Flag of Kedah.svg Kedah852033
10File:Flag of Kelantan.svg Kelantan661022
11File:Flag of the Malaysian Armed Forces.svg Armed Forces512724
12File:Flag of Terengganu.svg Terengganu53715
13File:Flag of Negeri Sembilan.svg Negeri Sembilan42410
14File:Flag of Malacca.svg Malacca411015
15File:Flag placeholder.svg Police38213
16File:Flag of Perlis.svg Perlis1089
17Malaysia Universities0213
Totals (17 entries)230228263721

1996 Sukma Games

  *   Host nation (Pahang*)

1996 Sukma Games medal table
RankStateGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1File:Flag of Selangor.svg Selangor574344144
2File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak564952157
3File:Flag of Pahang.svg Pahang**374244123
4File:Flag of Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.svg Kuala Lumpur34273293
5File:Flag of Perak.svg Perak22252875
6File:Flag of Sabah.svg Sabah20192261
7File:Flag of Terengganu.svg Terengganu8161539
8File:Flag of Kelantan.svg Kelantan8111130
9File:Flag of Kedah.svg Kedah861832
10File:Flag of Negeri Sembilan.svg Negeri Sembilan641020
11File:Flag of Penang (Malaysia).svg Penang5101025
12File:Flag of Malacca.svg Malacca591125
13Malaysia Universities4004
14File:Flag of Johor.svg Johor271726
15File:Flag of Perlis.svg Perlis2248
16File:Flag placeholder.svg Police13812
17File:Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei1102
18Malaysia Schools1023
19File:Flag of Labuan.svg Labuan0000
Totals (19 entries)277274328879

1998 Sukma Games

  *   Host nation (Selangor)

1998 Sukma Games medal table
RankStateGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1File:Flag of Selangor.svg Selangor*806141182
2File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak464541132
3File:Flag of Perak.svg Perak25253787
4File:Flag of Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.svg Kuala Lumpur23252674
5File:Flag of Pahang.svg Pahang21293686
6File:Flag of Penang (Malaysia).svg Penang1252340
7File:Flag of Terengganu.svg Terengganu11141540
8File:Flag of Sabah.svg Sabah11101233
9File:Flag of Kelantan.svg Kelantan1191030
10File:Flag of Kedah.svg Kedah8131536
11File:Flag of Johor.svg Johor771630
12File:Flag of Negeri Sembilan.svg Negeri Sembilan481325
13File:Flag of Malacca.svg Malacca481123
14File:Flag of Perlis.svg Perlis1236
15File:Flag of Labuan.svg Labuan0022
Malaysia Schools0022
Totals (16 entries)264261303828

2000 Sukma Games

  *   Host nation (Host state (Penang))

2000 Sukma Games medal table
RankStateGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1File:Flag of Selangor.svg Selangor535654163
2File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak495556160
3File:Flag of Perak.svg Perak463740123
4File:Flag of Penang (Malaysia).svg Penang*34263696
5File:Flag of Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.svg Kuala Lumpur33323095
6File:Flag of Pahang.svg Pahang27263588
7File:Flag of Johor.svg Johor20173168
8File:Flag of Kedah.svg Kedah17152153
9File:Flag of Sabah.svg Sabah12111841
10File:Flag of Negeri Sembilan.svg Negeri Sembilan12101335
11File:Flag of Kelantan.svg Kelantan8121535
12File:Flag of Malacca.svg Malacca7101431
13File:Flag of Terengganu.svg Terengganu64818
14File:Flag of Perlis.svg Perlis45514
15Malaysia Universities3328
16Malaysia Schools1135
17File:Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei0134
File:Flag placeholder.svg Police0134
19File:Flag of Labuan.svg Labuan0000
Totals (19 entries)3323223871,041

List of SUKMA Edition

class=notpageimage|
Host cities of the games through 2018[8][9][10]
Edition Year Host Main Stadium Start Date End Date Sports Events Teams Competitors Top state
I 1986 Kuala Lumpur Stadium Merdeka 19 April 26 April 16 123 16 3849 Malaysia Kuala Lumpur
II 1988 12 November 19 November 17 133 17 4214 SelangorSelangor
III 1990 File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak Sarawak State Stadium, Kuching 18 July 27 July 15 134 17 2849 Sarawak Sarawak
IV 1992 File:Flag of Johor.svg Johor Tan Sri Dato Haji Hassan Yunos Stadium, Johor Bahru 1 July 11 July 22 199 17 5206 Sarawak Sarawak
V 1994 File:Flag of Perak.svg Perak Perak Stadium, Ipoh 9 June 18 June 24 264 17 3956 Sarawak Sarawak
VI 1996 File:Flag of Pahang.svg Pahang Darul Makmur Stadium, Kuantan 1 June 10 June 25 277 19 5206 Selangor Selangor
VII 1998 File:Flag of Selangor.svg Selangor Opening ceremony
Shah Alam Stadium
Closing ceremony
Malawati Indoor Stadium		 17 April 26 April 24 264 16 3956 Selangor Selangor
VIII 2000 File:Flag of Penang (Malaysia).svg Penang Batu Kawan Stadium, Batu Kawan 25 May 4 June 29 332 19 5875 Selangor Selangor[11]
IX 2002 File:Flag of Sabah.svg Sabah Likas Stadium, Kota Kinabalu 7 September 14 September 27 347 20 5324 Selangor Selangor
X 2004 File:Flag of Negeri Sembilan.svg Negeri Sembilan Tuanku Abdul Rahman Stadium, Seremban 29 May 6 June 30 17 6000 Selangor Selangor
XI 2006 File:Flag of Kedah.svg Kedah Darul Aman Stadium, Alor Star 28 May 4 June 26 349 16 4882 Selangor Selangor
XII 2008 File:Flag of Terengganu.svg Terengganu Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin Stadium, Kuala Terengganu 31 May 9 June 31 404 15 6000 Terengganu Terengganu
XIII 2010 File:Flag of Malacca.svg Malacca Hang Jebat Stadium, Paya Rumput 10 June 19 June 33 418 15 7000 Terengganu Terengganu
XIV 2011 Federal Territories of Malaysia Kuala Lumpur KLFA Stadium, Kuala Lumpur 2 June 12 June 24 129 14 3368 Terengganu Terengganu
XV 2012 File:Flag of Pahang.svg Pahang Darul Makmur Stadium, Kuantan 9 July 16 July 24 393 15 5828 Terengganu Terengganu
XVI 2013 Federal Territories of Malaysia Kuala Lumpur NSC Mini Stadium, KL Sports City, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 28 June 7 July 23 130 14 3618 Selangor Selangor
XVII 2014 File:Flag of Perlis.svg Perlis Tuanku Syed Putra Stadium, Kangar 24 May 4 June 24 389 15 7815 Federal Territories of Malaysia Federal Territory
XVIII 2016 File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak Sarawak Stadium, Kuching 23 July 31 July 24 382 15 5670 Selangor Selangor
XIX 2018 File:Flag of Perak.svg Perak[12] Perak Stadium, Ipoh 11 September 22 September 29 427 15 7464 Terengganu Terengganu
XX 2022 Federal Territories of Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Dataran Gemilang, UKM, Bangi, Selangor 16 September 24 September 31 426 15 6606 Johor Johor
XXI 2024 File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak Opening ceremony
Sarawak Stadium, Kuching
Closing ceremony
Unity Stadium, Kuching		 17 August 24 August 37 488 15 9927 Sarawak Sarawak
XXII 2026 File:Flag of Selangor.svg Selangor TBA Future event
XXIII 2028 File:Flag of Kelantan.svg Kelantan Bukit Merbau Stadium, Pasir Puteh Kelantan (expected) Future event
XXIV 2030 MSN Future event
XXV 2032 File:Flag of Sabah.svg Sabah Likas Stadium, Kota Kinabalu (expected) Future event
XXVI 2034 MSN Future event

List of the Sukma Games' Sportsman and Sportswoman

[13][14]

Edition Year Sukma Games' Sportsman Sukma Games' Sportswoman
Name Contingent Sport Name Contingent Sport
III 1990 Gerard Liew File:Flag of Penang (Malaysia).svg Penang Swimming Tania Hamid Bugo File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak Swimming
IV 1992 Khoo Kah Hock Malaysia MASUM Archery Magdaline Goh File:Flag of Penang (Malaysia).svg Penang Swimming
Azmi Ibrahim
(Most Promising Sportsman)		 File:Flag of Pahang.svg Pahang Athletics Shalin Zulkifli
(Most Promising Sportswoman)		 File:Flag of Selangor.svg Selangor Bowling
V 1994 Azmi Ibrahim File:Flag of Pahang.svg Pahang Athletics Yew Chai Peng File:Flag of Perak.svg Perak Athletics
VII 1998 Chai Song Lip File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak Athletics Ho Hsu Ee File:Flag of Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.svg Kuala Lumpur Swimming
VIII 2000 Allen Ong File:Flag of Perak.svg Perak Swimming Sia Wai Yen File:Flag of Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.svg Kuala Lumpur Swimming
IX 2002 Ng Shu Mun File:Flag of Perak.svg Perak Artistic gymnastics Ngew Sin Mei File:Flag of Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.svg Kuala Lumpur Athletics
Petra Nabila Mustafa
(Most Promising Sportswoman)		 File:Flag of Negeri Sembilan.svg Negeri Sembilan Athletics
X 2004 Daniel Bego File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak Swimming Cindy Ong File:Flag of Perak.svg Perak Swimming
XI 2006 Zulkifli Che Rose File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak Weightlifting Lew Yih Wey File:Flag of Negeri Sembilan.svg Negeri Sembilan Swimming
XII 2008 Foo Jian Beng File:Flag of Selangor.svg Selangor Swimming Marellyn Liew File:Flag of Sabah.svg Sabah Swimming
XIII 2010 J. Karthik File:Flag of Malacca.svg Malacca Athletics Chan Kah Yan File:Flag of the Federal Territories of Malaysia.svg Federal Territory Swimming
XIV 2011 Ahmad Shafie Abd Jabar File:Flag of Johor.svg Johor Canoeing Jupha Somnet File:Flag of Perlis.svg Perlis Cycling
XV 2012 Abdul Mubin Rahim File:Flag of Terengganu.svg Terengganu Weightlifting Frenceay Titus File:Flag of Sabah.svg Sabah Weightlifting
XVI 2013 Danniel Iskandar Richard File:Flag of Selangor.svg Selangor Artistic gymnastics Esmelda Arecia Menti Alfred Geling File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak Artistic gymnastics
XVII 2014 Muhammad Irfan Shamshuddin File:Flag of Negeri Sembilan.svg Negeri Sembilan Athletics Jelinie Empera File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak Weightlifting
XVIII 2016 Khairul Hafiz Jantan File:Flag of Malacca.svg Malacca Athletics Nur Aqilah Yusof File:Flag of Terengganu.svg Terengganu Archery
XIX 2018 Eugenius Lo Foh Soon File:Flag of Sabah.svg Sabah Archery Azreen Nabila Alias File:Flag of Terengganu.svg Terengganu Athletics
XX 2022 Muhammad Fakhrullah Rumaize File:Flag of Johor.svg Johor Canoeing Tan Rouxin File:Flag of Johor.svg Johor Swimming
XXI 2024 Andrew Goh Zheng Yen File:Flag of Selangor.svg Selangor Swimming Gan Chen Jie File:Flag of Negeri Sembilan.svg Negeri Sembilan Shooting

Para Sukma Games

Para Sukma Games (Malay: Para Sukan Malaysia), is a multi-sport event held for Malaysian athletes with disabilities.[15][16] The games were previously known as the National Games of Malaysia For the Orthopaedically Handicapped (Malay: Sukan Kebangsaan Bagi Orang Cacat Anggota Malaysia) from 1982 until 1998 and the Paralimpiad Malaysia Games (Malay: Sukan Paralimpiad Malaysia) from 1998 until 2018 and held separately from the Sukma Games until 2010.[17][18]

class=notpageimage|
Host cities of the games through 2018[19][20][21]

Editions

Games Year Host state Sports Contingent Participants Top state
National Games of Malaysia For the Orthopaedically Handicapped
I 1982 File:Flag of Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.svg Kuala Lumpur 2 14 550
II 1984 File:Flag of Selangor.svg Selangor 2 14 650
III 1986 File:Flag of Penang (Malaysia).svg Penang 2 14 750
IV 1988 File:Flag of Kelantan.svg Kelantan 2 15 828
V 1990 File:Flag of Malacca.svg Malacca 2 17 853
VI 1992 File:Flag of Terengganu.svg Terengganu 2 17 980
VII 1994 File:Flag of Johor.svg Johor 2 15 1200 File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak
VII 1996 File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak 2 18 978 File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak
Paralimpiad Malaysia Games
IX 1998 File:Flag of Selangor.svg Selangor 10 14 877 File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak
X 2000 Federal Territories of MalaysiaFile:Flag of Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.svg Kuala Lumpur 17 23 1239 File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak
XI 2002 Federal Territories of MalaysiaFile:Flag of Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.svg Kuala Lumpur 16 23 937 File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak
XII 2004 Federal Territories of MalaysiaFile:Flag of Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.svg Kuala Lumpur 20 15 1081 File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak
XIII 2006 Federal Territories of MalaysiaFile:Flag of Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.svg Kuala Lumpur 16 15 1203 File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak
XIV 2008 Federal Territories of MalaysiaFile:Flag of Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.svg Kuala Lumpur 16 15 1910 File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak
XV 2010 File:Flag of Malacca.svg Malacca 16 15 1368 File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak
XVI 2012 File:Flag of Pahang.svg Pahang 17 15 1900 File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak
XVII 2014 File:Flag of Perlis.svg Perlis 9 15 File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak
XVIII 2016 File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak 9 15 1500+[22][23] File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak
PARA SUKMA Games
XIX 2018 File:Flag of Perak.svg Perak 10 15 1968 File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak
XX 2022 Federal Territories of MalaysiaFile:Flag of Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.svg Kuala Lumpur 10 15 1824 File:Flag of Sabah.svg Sabah
XXI 2024 File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak 10 15 1994 File:Flag of Sarawak.svg Sarawak

List of the Para SUKMA Games Sportsman and Sportswoman

Edition Year Para Sukma Games' Sportsman Para Sukma Games' Sportswoman
Name Contingent Sport Name Contingent Sport
XXI 2024 Shahafiq Abdullah File:Flag of Sabah.svg Sabah Para swimming Loh Chi Hui File:Flag of Pahang.svg Pahang Para archery

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Sukan Malaysia (SUKMA)" (in Bahasa Melayu). National Sports Council of Malaysia. Archived from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  2. ↑ "Sukma mungkin diadakan setiap tahun mulai 2011". Archived from the original on 17 October 2017. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  3. ↑ "Sukma Games may be held anually [sic], starting 2011". Archived from the original on 17 October 2017. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  4. ↑ "Contingent code". Archived from the original on 9 January 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  5. ↑ "Magazine Sabah 2002". Archived from the original on 27 June 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  6. ↑ "Magazine Sabah 2002" (PDF). Archived from the original on 17 April 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  7. ↑ Archived National Sports Council Sukma Games Medal Tally
  8. ↑ "Sukan Malaysia". Perak State Sport Council.
  9. ↑ "Sukan Malaysia". Sabah State Sport Council.
  10. ↑ "List of Champions of Sukma". Archived from the original on 5 May 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
  11. ↑ "Mascot SUKMA". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
  12. ↑ "Perak, Johor tuan rumah Sukma 2018, 2020" (in Bahasa Melayu). Sinar Harian. 14 May 2015.
  13. ↑ "Sukma 1992 Closed" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 July 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
  14. ↑ "Sukma 1998 Closed" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 July 2018. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
  15. ↑ "Paralimpiad Malaysia". Facebook. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  16. ↑ "Para Sukma".
  17. ↑ "Malaysia Paralympics Movement" (PDF).
  18. ↑ "Paralimpiad Malaysia". Facebook.
  19. ↑ "Sukan Malaysia". Perak State Sport Council.
  20. ↑ "Sukan Malaysia". Sabah State Sport Council.
  21. ↑ "List of Champions of Sukma". Archived from the original on 5 May 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
  22. ↑ Abdullah, Mohd Roji Kawi (6 August 2016). "Sukan Paralimpiad Malaysia XVIII bermula (Malaysian Paralympiad Games XVIII begins)". Berita Harian (BHarian Online). Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
  23. ↑ "Sukan Paralimpiad Malaysia bakal jadi tumpuan (Malaysian Paralympiad Games will be the spotlight)". www.utusanborneo.com.my (in Bahasa Melayu). 4 August 2016. Archived from the original on 26 September 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.

External links

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