Swimming at the Summer Olympics
| Swimming at the Summer Olympics | |
|---|---|
| File:Swimming pictogram.svg | |
| IOC Code | SWM OWS (Marathon Swimming) |
| Governing body | World Aquatics |
| Events | 37 (men: 18; women: 18; mixed: 1) |
| Summer Olympics | |
Swimming has been a sport at every modern Summer Olympics. It has been open to women since 1912. At the Olympics, swimming has the second-highest number of medal-contested events after athletics.
Summary
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Long-course swimming
Men's events
| Event | 96 | 1900 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 32 | 36 | 48 | 52 | 56 | 60 | 64 | 68 | 72 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 92 | 96 | 2000 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 24 | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 50 metres freestyle | X[1] | Not yet reintroduced | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 100 metres freestyle | X | X[1] | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 29 | |
| 200 metres freestyle () | X | X[1] | Not yet reintroduced | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 17 | ||||||||||||
| 400 metres freestyle | X[1] | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 28 | ||
| 800 metre freestyle | X[1] | Not yet reintroduced | X | X | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1500 metre freestyle | X[1] | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 28 | ||
| 100 metre backstroke | X[1] | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 27 | |||
| 200 metre backstroke | X | Not yet reintroduced | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 17 | ||||||||||||
| 100 metre breaststroke | Not yet introduced | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 14 | ||||||||||||||
| 200 metre breaststroke | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 27 | |||
| 100 metre butterfly | Not yet introduced | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 15 | ||||||||||||||
| 200 metre butterfly | Not yet introduced | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 18 | |||||||||||
| 200 metre individual medley | Not yet introduced | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 13 | ||||||||||||||||
| 400 metre individual medley | Not yet introduced | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 16 | |||||||||||||
| 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay | Not yet introduced | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 14 | |||||||||||||||
| 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 27 | |||
| 4 × 100 metre medley relay | Not yet introduced | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 17 | ||||||||||||
| Events | 1 | 2 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 15 | 15 | 13 | 13 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | |
Past events
Only at the 1896 Summer Olympics
Women's events
| Event | 96 | 1900 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 32 | 36 | 48 | 52 | 56 | 60 | 64 | 68 | 72 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 92 | 96 | 2000 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 24 | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 50 metre freestyle | Not yet introduced | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 100 metre freestyle | Not yet introduced | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 26 | |||
| 200 metre freestyle () | Not yet introduced | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 15 | ||||||||||||||
| 400 metre freestyle | Not yet introduced | X[2] | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 25 | ||||
| 800 metre freestyle | Not yet introduced | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 15 | ||||||||||||||
| 1500 metre freestyle | Not yet introduced | X | X | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 100 metre backstroke | Not yet introduced | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 24 | |||||
| 200 metre backstroke | Not yet introduced | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 15 | ||||||||||||||
| 100 metre breaststroke | Not yet introduced | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 15 | ||||||||||||||
| 200 metre breaststroke | Not yet introduced | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 24 | |||||
| 100 metre butterfly | Not yet introduced | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 18 | |||||||||||
| 200 metre butterfly | Not yet introduced | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 15 | ||||||||||||||
| 200 metre individual medley | Not yet introduced | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 13 | ||||||||||||||||
| 400 metre individual medley | Not yet introduced | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 16 | |||||||||||||
| 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay | Not yet introduced | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 26 | |||
| 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay | Not yet introduced | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 × 100 metre medley relay | Not yet introduced | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 17 | ||||||||||||
| Events | 2 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | |||||
Mixed events
Marathon swimming
Events
| Event | 08 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 24 | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men's 10 km | X | X | X | X | X | 5 |
| Women's 10 km | X | X | X | X | X | 5 |
| Events | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Medal table
Updated after the 2024 Summer Olympics[3][4]
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Nations
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Olympic records
The International Olympic Committee recognize the best performances in all 35 current swimming events at the Games as Olympic records.
Notable changes to the sport
Times have consistently dropped over the years due to better training techniques and new developments within the sport. In the first four Olympics, competitions were not held in pools, but rather in open water (1896, the Mediterranean Sea; 1900, the Seine; 1904, an artificial lake; 1906, the Mediterranean). The 1904 Olympics' races were the only ones ever measured in yards, instead of the usual metres. A 100-metre pool was built for the 1908 Olympics and was located in the centre of the main stadium's track and field oval. The 1912 Olympics, held in the Stockholm harbor, marked the beginning of electrical timing. Male swimmers wore full body swimsuits up until the 1940s, which caused more drag in the water than their modern swim-wear counterparts. Also, over the years, pool designs have lessened the drag. Some design considerations allow for the reduction of swimming resistance making the pool faster, namely, proper pool depth, elimination of waves, elimination of currents, increased lane width, energy absorbing racing lane lines and gutters, and the use of other innovative hydraulic, acoustic, illumination, and swimwear designs. The 1924 Olympics were the first to use the standard 50-metre pool with marked lanes (a standard that remains to this day). In the freestyle, swimmers originally dove from the pool walls, but diving blocks were first incorporated at the 1936 Summer Olympics. The flip-turn was developed by the 1950s. Swimming goggles were first allowed in 1976. The butterfly stroke events were not held until 1956. Previous rules permitted the butterfly stroke in breaststroke races. After 1956, when these rules were changed, butterfly became its own stroke entirely. The 800m event was added to the women's programme in 1968; whilst longer, this event was not as far as the men's 1,500m event. This discrepancy was evened out in 2020: that year, the 1,500 metres was included in the women's programme for the first time and the 800 metres freestyle was added to the men's programme. Both men and women were granted the 200 metres freestyle race in 1968, giving swimmers an intermediate distance race between 100 metres and 400 metres. The women's 4 × 200 metres freestyle relay race was added in 1996—a men's relay race at that distance had been held since 1912; interestingly, the winning time for the women's 4 × 200 metres freestyle relay in 1996 was more than two minutes faster than the men's 4 × 200 metres freestyle relay of 1912. At six Games, the men had two freestyle relay races, while the women had one. Starting with 1996, both genders have two. The medley relay races (4 × 100 metres) were not held for men or for women until 1960, but they have continued in every Games since then. Starting in 2008, both men and women compete in 10 km open water marathon swim events. The mixed 4 × 100 metres medley relay (2 women and 2 men) was added to the programme in the 2020 Olympic Games.
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Distances at the 1904 Olympics were measured in yards rather than metres. The 50 yard freestyle was 45.7 metres and the 100 yard freestyle and backstroke races were 91.4 metres. The 220, 440, and 880 yard freestyle races were 201, 402, and 805 metres, respectively. Instead of a 1500 metre race, there was a 1 mile race which made for 1609 metres. The 440 yard breaststroke, like the freestyle, was 402 metres. The relay, 4 × 50 yards, was 4 × 45.7 metres.
- ↑ In 1920, the women's event was 300 metres.
- ↑ "Olympic Analytics - Medals by Countries". olympanalyt.com. Retrieved 2022-01-31.
- ↑ "Olympic Analytics - Medals by Countries". olympanalyt.com. Retrieved 2022-01-31.
See also
- List of Olympic medalists in swimming (men)
- List of Olympic medalists in swimming (women)
- List of Olympic venues in swimming
- Major achievements in swimming by nation
- Swimming at the Summer Paralympics
References
External links
- Swim Rankings results
