Polish Braille
| Polish Braille | |
|---|---|
| Script type | alphabet
|
Print basis | Polish alphabet |
| Languages | Polish |
| Related scripts | |
Parent systems | Braille
|
Polish Braille (alfabet Braille'a) is a braille alphabet for writing the Polish language. It is based on international braille conventions, with the following extensions:[1]
That is, for letters of the first and second decade of the braille script (a, c, e, l, n, s), a diacritic is written as dot 6, and any dot 3 is removed (or, equivalently, is moved to position 6)—that is, the base letter is moved to the fourth decade. For letters of the third decade (u, y, z), which already have a dot 6, the derivation is a mirror image. Ó is derived from u, which is how it is pronounced (also, the mirror image of o is already taken). Several of these conventions are used in Lithuanian Braille.
History
Some form of a Braille alphabet had been adapted to the Polish language by 1957.[2]
Alphabet
The full alphabet is this:
Print digraphs in z are written as two letters in braille as well: ⠉⠵ cz, ⠗⠵ rz, ⠎⠵ sz.
Punctuation
- Paired punctuation
| ⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)...⠴ (braille pattern dots-356) “ ... ” |
⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)...⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)⠄ (braille pattern dots-3) ‘ ... ’ |
| ⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)...⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356) ( ... ) |
⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)...⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356) { ... } (?)[4] |
| ⠷ (braille pattern dots-12356)...⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456) [ ... ] |
⠷ (braille pattern dots-12356)⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)...⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456) ⟨ ... ⟩ |
Formatting
| ⠨ (braille pattern dots-46) (cap) |
⠠ (braille pattern dots-6) (l.c.) |
⠸ (braille pattern dots-456) (emph.) |
External links
- [1] Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine (a detailed account of typesetting Polish Braille)
- Braille Translator online (Conversion of typed text on the Braille characters, full of Polish notation.)
References
- ↑ "Braille - pismo punktowe dla niewidomych". Braille - pismo punktowe dla niewidomych (in polski). Retrieved 2021-12-01.
- ↑ Morrissey, Patrick (October 1957). "Reading Braille in Foreign Languages". The Modern Language Journal. 41 (6): 266. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.1957.tb01695.x. JSTOR 321522.
- ↑ And thus ⠄⠄⠄ for ellipsis.
- ↑ It is not clear which brackets these are. In Polish, their name is nawias wydzielający, a phrase that refers specifically to these braille characters.