Political party strength in New Jersey

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The following table indicates the party of elected officials in the U.S. state of New Jersey:

The table also indicates the historical party composition in the:

For years in which a presidential election was held, the table indicates which party's nominees received the state's electoral votes.

1776–2009

Year Executive office State Legislature United States Congress Electoral votes
Governor Senate Assembly Senator (Class I) Senator (Class II) House
1776 William Livingston (F) began in 1789
...
1788
1789 F majority F majority Jonathan Elmer (PA) William Paterson (PA) 4PA George Washington (I) Green tickY
1790 Elisha Lawrence (F)[lower-alpha 1] F majority F majority
William Paterson (F)
1791 F majority F majority John Rutherfurd (PA) Philemon Dickinson (PA) 3PA, 1I
1792 F majority DR majority
1793 Thomas Henderson (F)[lower-alpha 1] F majority DR majority Frederick Frelinghuysen (PA) 5PA
Richard Howell (F)
1794 F majority DR majority 4PA, 1I[lower-alpha 2]
1795 F majority DR majority John Rutherfurd (F) Frederick Frelinghuysen (F) 4F, 1I
1796 F majority DR majority John Adams/
Thomas Pinckney (F) Green tickY
1797 DR majority F majority Franklin Davenport (F) Richard Stockton (F) 5F
1798 DR majority DR majority
1799 F majority F majority James Schureman (F) Jonathan Dayton (F) 3DR, 2F
1800 F majority F majority John Adams/
Charles Cotesworth Pinckney (F) Red XN
1801 Joseph Bloomfield (DR) 9F, 4DR 28F, 11DR Aaron Ogden (F) 5DR
1802 John Lambert (DR)[lower-alpha 1] 7F, 6DR 24DR, 16F
1803 Joseph Bloomfield (DR) 8DR, 5F 20F, 19DR, 1?[lower-alpha 3] John Condit (DR) 6DR
1804 8DR, 5F 25DR, 14F, 1? Thomas Jefferson/
George Clinton (DR) Green tickY
1805 9DR, 4F 28DR, 12F Aaron Kitchell (DR)
1806 8DR, 5F 25DR, 14F, 1OR
1807 7F, 6DR 21DR, 19F
1808 9DR, 4F 25DR, 15F James Madison/
George Clinton (DR) Green tickY
1809 7DR, 6F 23DR, 17F John Lambert (DR) John Condit (DR)
1810 8DR, 5F 24DR, 16F
1811 26DR, 14F
1812 Aaron Ogden (F) 9DR, 4F 30DR, 10F DeWitt Clinton/
Jared Ingersoll (F) Red XN
1813 William Sanford Pennington (DR) 7F, 6DR 23F, 17DR 4F, 2DR
1814 7DR, 6F 23DR, 17F 3DR, 3F[lower-alpha 4]
1815 Mahlon Dickerson (DR) 22DR, 18F James J. Wilson (DR) 6DR
1816 27DR, 15F James Monroe/
Daniel D. Tompkins (DR) Green tickY
1817 Isaac Halstead Williamson (D) 8DR, 5F 23DR, 18F Mahlon Dickerson (DR)
1818 26DR, 16F
1819 27DR, 16F Samuel L. Southard (DR)
1820 9DR, 4F 31DR, 12F
1821 36DR, 7F
1822 30DR, 13F
1823 31DR, 12F Joseph McIlvaine (DR)
1824 8DR, 5F 29DR, 14F Andrew Jackson/
John C. Calhoun (DR) Red XN
1825 J majority J majority Joseph McIlvaine (NR) Mahlon Dickerson (J) 3J, 2NR, 1I
1826 J majority J majority
1827 NR majority NR majority Ephraim Bateman (NR) 3NR, 2I, 1J
1828 NR majority NR majority John Quincy Adams/
Richard Rush (NR) Red XN
1829 Peter Dumont Vroom (D) 9NR, 5J 25NR, 18J Mahlon Dickerson (J) Theodore Frelinghuysen (NR) 6NR
1830 8J, 6NR 28J, 15NR
1831 10J, 4NR 37J, 13NR
1832 Samuel L. Southard (W) 7NR, 7J[lower-alpha 5] 26J, 24NR Andrew Jackson/
Martin Van Buren (D) Green tickY
1833 Elias P. Seeley (W) 8NR, 6J 33NR, 17J Samuel L. Southard (NR) 6J
Peter Dumont Vroom (D)
1834 13D, 1NR 41D, 9NR
1835 8D, 6W 28D, 21W, 1? Garret D. Wall (J) 5J, 1W
1836 Philemon Dickerson (D) 9D, 5W 34D, 16W William Henry Harrison/
Francis Granger (W) Red XN
1837 William Pennington (W) 7D, 7W[lower-alpha 6] 31D, 19W Samuel L. Southard (W) Garret D. Wall (D) 6W
1838 10W, 6D 35W, 18D
1839 10W, 7D 33W, 20D 5D, 1W
1840 William Henry Harrison/
John Tyler (W) Green tickY
1841 13W, 5D 41W, 12D William L. Dayton (W) Jacob W. Miller (W) 6W
1842 9D, 9W[lower-alpha 7] 34W, 24D
1843 Daniel Haines (D) 10W, 8D 32W, 26D 4D, 1W
1844 12D, 6W 35D, 23W Henry Clay/
Theodore Frelinghuysen (W) Red XN
1845 Charles C. Stratton (W) 13W, 6D 40W, 18D 4W, 1D
1846 12W, 7D 30W, 27D, 1A 3W, 2D
1847 40W, 18D 4W, 1D
1848 Daniel Haines (D) 38W, 20D Zachary Taylor/
Millard Fillmore (W) Green tickY
1849 39W, 19D
1850 10W, 9D 33W, 25D
1851 George F. Fort (D) 10D, 10W[lower-alpha 8] 30D, 28W Robert F. Stockton (D) 4D, 1W
1852 13D, 7W 45D, 15W Franklin Pierce/
William R. King (D) Green tickY
1853 39D, 21W John Renshaw Thomson (D) William Wright (D)
1854 Rodman M. Price (D) 40D, 20W
1855 10D, 9W, 1KN[lower-alpha 9] 29D, 25W, 6KN[lower-alpha 10] 4O, 1D
1856 11D, 5W, 4KN 31D, 15KN, 14W James Buchanan/
John C. Breckinridge (D) Green tickY
1857 William A. Newell (R) 11D, 6O, 3KN 38D, 22R 3D, 2R
1858 15D, 6O 35D, 25R
1859 13D, 8O 36O, 24D John C. Ten Eyck (R) 3R, 2D
1860 Charles Smith Olden (R) 12D, 8R, 1KN 30D, 28R, 2KN[lower-alpha 11] 4 – Abraham Lincoln/
Hannibal Hamlin (R) Green tickY
3 – Stephen A. Douglas/
Herschel V. Johnson (D) Red XN
1861 11R, 10D 32D, 28R Richard Stockton Field (R) 3D, 2R
1862 10D, 10R, 1I[lower-alpha 12] 36D, 24R James Walter Wall (D)
1863 Joel Parker (D) 13D, 8R 45D, 15R William Wright (D) 4D, 1R
1864 14D, 7R 40D, 20R George B. McClellan/
George H. Pendleton (D) Red XN
1865 13D, 8R 30D, 30R[lower-alpha 13] John P. Stockton (D) 3D, 2R
1866 Marcus Lawrence Ward (R) 11R, 10D 36R, 24D
1867 13R, 8D 33R, 27D Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (R) Alexander G. Cattell (R) 3R, 2D
1868 11D, 10R 46D, 14R Horatio Seymour/
Francis Preston Blair Jr. (D) Red XN
1869 Theodore F. Randolph (D) 12D, 9R 32D, 28R John P. Stockton (D) 3D, 2R
1870 13D, 8R 34D, 26R
1871 12R, 9D 34R, 26D Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (R) 3R, 2D
1872 Joel Parker (D) 36R, 24D Ulysses S. Grant/
Henry Wilson (R) Green tickY
1873 14R, 7D 44R, 16D 6R, 1D
1874 32R, 28D
1875 Joseph D. Bedle (D) 13R, 8D 41D, 19R Theodore F. Randolph (D) 5D, 2R
1876 12R, 9D 37R, 23D Samuel J. Tilden/
Thomas A. Hendricks (D) Red XN
1877 11D, 10R 30D, 30R[lower-alpha 14] John R. McPherson (D) 4D, 3R
1878 George B. McClellan (D) 12D, 9R 33D, 27R
1879 11R, 9D, 1I 33R, 27D 4R, 3D
1880 12R, 9D 35R, 25D Winfield Scott Hancock/
William Hayden English (D) Red XN
1881 George C. Ludlow (D) 15R, 5D, 1I 34R, 26D William J. Sewell (R) 4R, 3D
1882 12R, 9D 35D, 25R
1883
1884 Leon Abbett (D) 34D, 26R Grover Cleveland/
Thomas A. Hendricks (D) Green tickY
1885 11R, 10D 34R, 26D
1886 13R, 8D 31R, 29D
1887 Robert S. Green (D) 12R, 9D 32R, 28D Rufus Blodgett (D) 5R, 2D
1888 37R, 23D Grover Cleveland/
Allen G. Thurman (D) Red XN
1889 11D, 10R 32D, 28R 4R, 3D
1890 Leon Abbett (D) 11R, 10D 37D, 23R
1891 14D, 7R 40D, 20R 5D, 2R
1892 16D, 5R 42D, 18R Grover Cleveland/
Adlai Stevenson I (D) Green tickY
1893 George Theodore Werts (D) 39D, 21R James Smith Jr. (D) 6D, 2R
1894 11R, 10D 39R, 21D
1895 16R, 5D 54R, 6D William J. Sewell (R) 8R
1896 John W. Griggs (R)[lower-alpha 15] 18R, 3D 53R, 7D William McKinley/
Garret Hobart (R) Green tickY
1897 56R, 4D
1898 Foster McGowan Voorhees (R)[lower-alpha 1] 14R, 7D 37R, 23D
David Ogden Watkins (R)[lower-alpha 1]
1899 Foster McGowan Voorhees (R) John Kean (R) 6R, 2D
1900 43R, 17D William McKinley/
Theodore Roosevelt (R) Green tickY
1901 17R, 4D 38R, 22D John F. Dryden (R)
1902 Franklin Murphy (R) 46R, 14D
1903 14R, 7D 38R, 22D 7R, 3D
1904 Theodore Roosevelt/
Charles W. Fairbanks (R) Green tickY
1905 Edward C. Stokes (R) 46R, 14D 9R, 1D
1906 17R, 4D 57R, 3D
1907 15R, 6D 31D, 29R Frank O. Briggs (R) 6R, 4D
1908 John Franklin Fort (R) 14R, 7D 40R, 20D William Howard Taft/
James S. Sherman (R) Green tickY
1909 13R, 8D 45R, 15D 7R, 3D
1910 15R, 6D 41R, 19D
1911 Woodrow Wilson (D)[lower-alpha 16] 12R, 9D 42D, 18R James E. Martine (D) 7D, 3R
1912 11R, 10D 37R, 23D Woodrow Wilson/
Thomas R. Marshall (D) Green tickY
1913 James Fairman Fielder (D)[lower-alpha 1] 12D, 9R 52D, 8R William Hughes (D) 11D, 1R
Leon Rutherford Taylor (D)[lower-alpha 1]
1914 James Fairman Fielder (D) 11D, 10R 37D, 23R
1915 11R, 10D 38R, 22D 8R, 4D
1916 13R, 8D 40R, 20D Charles Evans Hughes/
Charles W. Fairbanks (R) Red XN
1917 Walter E. Edge[lower-alpha 17] 15R, 6D 44R, 16D Joseph S. Frelinghuysen Sr. (R) David Baird Sr. (R) 9R, 3D
1918 46R, 17D
1919 William Nelson Runyon (R)[lower-alpha 1] 30R, 30D[lower-alpha 18] Walter E. Edge (R) 8R, 4D
1920 Clarence E. Case (R)[lower-alpha 1] 33R, 27D Warren G. Harding/
Calvin Coolidge (R) Green tickY
Edward I. Edwards (D)
1921 59R, 1D 11R, 1D
1922 16R, 5D 45R, 15D
1923 George Sebastian Silzer (D) 17R, 4D 44R, 16D Edward I. Edwards (D) 6R, 6D
1924 42R, 18D Calvin Coolidge/
Charles G. Dawes (R) Green tickY
1925 18R, 3D 47R, 13D 10R, 2D
1926 A. Harry Moore (D) 46R, 14D
1927 17R, 4D 47R, 13D 9R, 3D
1928 18R, 3D 46R, 14D Herbert Hoover/
Charles Curtis (R) Green tickY
1929 Morgan Foster Larson (R) 48R, 12D Hamilton F. Kean (R) David Baird Jr. (R) 10R, 2D
1930 17R, 4D 46R, 14D
1931 Dwight Morrow (R) 8R, 4D
1932 A. Harry Moore (D)[lower-alpha 17] 15R, 6D 34D, 26R Franklin D. Roosevelt/
John Nance Garner (D) Green tickY
1933 38R, 22D W. Warren Barbour (R) 10R, 4D
1934 33R, 27D
1935 Clifford Ross Powell (R)[lower-alpha 1] 34R, 26D A. Harry Moore (D)
Horace Griggs Prall (R)[lower-alpha 1]
Harold G. Hoffman (R)
1936 13R, 8D 42R, 18D
1937 11R, 10D 39D, 21R John Milton (D) William H. Smathers (D) 7R, 7D
1938 A. Harry Moore (D) 13R, 8D 41R, 19D
1939 15R, 6D 45R, 15D W. Warren Barbour (R) 11R, 3D
1940 Franklin D. Roosevelt/
Henry A. Wallace (D) Green tickY
1941 Charles Edison (D) 17R, 4D 44R, 16D 10R, 4D
1942
1943 18R, 3D Arthur Walsh (D) Albert W. Hawkes (R) 11R, 3D
1944 Walter E. Edge (R) Franklin D. Roosevelt/
Harry S. Truman (D) Green tickY
1945 17R, 4D 42R, 18D H. Alexander Smith (R) 12R, 2D
1946 41R, 19D
1947 Alfred E. Driscoll (R) 15R, 6D 48R, 12D
1948 17R, 4D 45R, 15D Thomas E. Dewey/
Earl Warren (R) Red XN
1949 15R, 6D 44R, 16D Robert C. Hendrickson (R) 9R, 5D
1950 14R, 7D 38R, 22D
1951
1952 16R, 5D 43R, 17D Dwight D. Eisenhower/
Richard Nixon (R) Green tickY
1953 8R, 6D
1954 Robert B. Meyner (D) 17R, 4D 40R, 20D
1955 Clifford P. Case (R)
1956 14R, 7D
1957 10R, 4D
1958 13R, 8D 42D, 18R
1959 Harrison A. Williams (D) 9R, 5D
1960 11R, 10D 34D, 26R John F. Kennedy/
Lyndon B. Johnson (D) Green tickY
1961 8R, 6D
1962 Richard J. Hughes (D) 38D, 22R
1963 8R, 7D
1964 15R, 6D 33R, 27D Lyndon B. Johnson/
Hubert Humphrey (D) Green tickY
1965 11D, 4R
1966 19D, 10R 41D, 19R
1967 9D, 6R
1968 31R, 9D 58R, 22D Richard Nixon/
Spiro Agnew (R) Green tickY
1969
1970 William T. Cahill (R) 59R, 21D
1971
1972 24R, 16D 40D, 39R, 1I[lower-alpha 19]
1973 8D, 7R
1974 Brendan Byrne (D) 29D, 10R, 1I 66D, 14R
1975 12D, 3R
1976 49D, 31R Gerald Ford/
Bob Dole (R) Red XN
1977 11D, 4R
1978 27D, 13R 54D, 26R
1979 Bill Bradley (D) 10D, 5R
1980 26D, 14R 44D, 36R Ronald Reagan/
George H. W. Bush (R) Green tickY
1981 8D, 7R
1982 Thomas Kean (R) 22D, 13R 43D, 37R
Nicholas F. Brady (R)
1983 Frank Lautenberg (D) 9D, 5R
1984 23D, 17R 44D, 36R
1985 8D, 6R
1986 50R, 30D
1987
1988 24D, 16R 42R, 38D George H. W. Bush/
Dan Quayle (R) Green tickY
1989
1990 James Florio (D) 23D, 17R 42D, 38R
1991
1992 27R, 13D 58R, 22D Bill Clinton/
Al Gore (D) Green tickY
1993 7D, 6R
1994 Christine Todd Whitman (R)[lower-alpha 20] 24R, 16D 53R, 27D
1995 8R, 5D
1996 50R, 30D
1997 Robert Torricelli (D) 7R, 6D
1998 48R, 32D
1999 7D, 6R
2000 45R, 35D Al Gore/
Joe Lieberman (D) Red XN
2001 Jon Corzine (D)[lower-alpha 21]
Donald DiFrancesco (R)[lower-alpha 22][lower-alpha 23]
2002 Various[lower-alpha 24] 20D, 20R[lower-alpha 25] 44D, 36R
Jim McGreevey (D)[lower-alpha 26]
2003 Frank Lautenberg (D)
2004 22D, 18R 47D, 33R John Kerry/
John Edwards (D) Red XN
Richard Codey (D)[lower-alpha 27][lower-alpha 23]
2005
2006 Jon Corzine (D) 49D, 31R Bob Menendez (D)[lower-alpha 28] 6D, 6R
7D, 6R
2007
2008 23D, 17R 48D, 32R Barack Obama/
Joe Biden (D) Green tickY
2009 8D, 5R

2010–present

Year Executive offices State Legislature United States Congress Electoral votes
Governor Lt. Governor Senate Assembly Senator (Class I) Senator (Class II) House
2010 Chris Christie (R) Kim Guadagno (R)[lower-alpha 29][lower-alpha 30] 23D, 17R 47D, 33R Bob Menendez (D)[lower-alpha 31] Frank Lautenberg (D) 8D, 5R Barack Obama/
Joe Biden (D) Green tickY
2011 24D, 16R[lower-alpha 32] 7D, 6R
2012 48D, 32R
2013 6D, 6R
Jeffrey Chiesa (R)[lower-alpha 28]
Cory Booker (D)
2014 6R, 5D[lower-alpha 33]
2015 6D, 6R
2016 52D, 28R Hillary Clinton/
Tim Kaine (D) Red XN
2017 7D, 5R
2018 Phil Murphy (D) Sheila Oliver (D)[lower-alpha 29][lower-alpha 34][lower-alpha 35] 25D, 15R 54D, 26R
2019 11D, 1R
26D, 14R[lower-alpha 36]
2020 25D, 15R 52D, 28R 10D, 2R[lower-alpha 37] Joe Biden/
Kamala Harris (D) Green tickY
2021
2022 24D, 16R 46D, 34R
2023 25D, 15R[lower-alpha 38] 9D, 3R
Tahesha Way (D)[lower-alpha 28][lower-alpha 29][lower-alpha 39]
2024 52D, 28R [to be determined]
George Helmy (D)[lower-alpha 28]
Key to party colors and abbreviations for members of the U.S. Congress and other politicians or officials
Alaskan Independence (AKIP)
Know Nothing (KN)
American Labor (AL)
Anti-Jacksonian (Anti-J)
National Republican (NR)
Anti-Administration (AA)
Anti-Masonic (Anti-M)
Conservative (Con)
Covenant (Cov)
Democratic (D)
Democratic–Farmer–Labor (DFL)
Democratic–NPL (D-NPL)
Dixiecrat (Dix),
States' Rights (SR)
Democratic-Republican (DR)
Farmer–Labor (FL)
Federalist (F)
Pro-Administration (PA)
Free Soil (FS)
Fusion (Fus)
Greenback (GB)
Independence (IPM)
Independent Democrat (ID)
Independent Republican (IR)
Jacksonian (J)
Liberal (Lib)
Libertarian (L)
National Union (NU)
Nonpartisan League (NPL)
Nullifier (N)
Opposition Northern (O)
Opposition Southern (O)
Populist (Pop)
Progressive (Prog)
Prohibition (Proh)
Readjuster (Rea)
Republican (R)
Silver (Sv)
Silver Republican (SvR)
Socialist (Soc)
Union (U)
Unconditional Union (UU)
Vermont Progressive (VP)
Whig (W)
Independent (I)
Nonpartisan (NP)
  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 Acting.
  2. ↑ Abraham Clark, a member of the Pro-Administration Party, died September 15, 1794, and Aaron Kitchell was elected to fill his vacancy.
  3. ↑ A Federalist, William Coxe Jr., was elected Speaker, and the Federalists organized the chamber.
  4. ↑ Jacob Hufty, a Federalist, died on May 20, 1814, and was replaced by Thomas Bines, a Democratic-Republican, on November 2, 1814.
  5. ↑ A Whig, Elias P. Seeley, was elected as Vice President of the Legislative Council.
  6. ↑ A Democrat, Jeptha B. Munn, was elected as Vice President of the Legislative Council with the absence of a Whig member of the Council.[1]
  7. ↑ A Democrat, John Cassedy, was elected as Vice President of the Legislative Council.
  8. ↑ A Democrat, Silas D. Canfield, was elected as President of the Senate.
  9. ↑ A Democrat, William Cowper Alexander, was elected to be Senate President.
  10. ↑ A coalition of Whigs and Know-Nothings elected a Whig, William Parry, as Speaker, and organized the chamber.
  11. ↑ A Democrat, Austin H. Patterson, was elected Speaker.
  12. ↑ A War Democrat, Joseph T. Crowell, was elected President of the Senate with Republican support.[2]
  13. ↑ After some days of discussion, a Democrat, Joseph T. Crowell, was elected Speaker.[3]
  14. ↑ After several days of ballots, a Democrat, Rudolph Rabe, was elected Speaker of the Assembly.[4]
  15. ↑ Resigned in order to become United States Attorney General.
  16. ↑ Resigned in order to become President of the United States.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Resigned in order to become a United States senator.
  18. ↑ With the split chamber between the parties, a Republican, Arthur N. Pierson, was selected as Speaker after his name was drawn from a hat.[5]
  19. ↑ Although the Democrats were the largest party, four Democrats led by David Friedland cut a deal to elect Republican Thomas Kean Speaker in exchange for leading various House committees and becoming a part of their caucus.[6]
  20. ↑ Resigned to become Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
  21. ↑ Resigned after election as governor.
  22. ↑ State Senate president who held the title of acting governor.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Per legislation signed by Codey on January 10, 2006, any acting Governor who serves for at least 6 months would officially have the title "governor." This law applied retroactively to DiFrancesco as well.
  24. ↑ From January 8 to January 15, 2002, four men served as Acting Governor. Upon the resignation of Acting Gov. Donald DiFrancesco (R) and before the swearing in of the General Assembly, Attorney General John Farmer Jr. (R) served as Acting Governor for approximately 90 minutes. Upon the swearing of the General Assembly, Robert E. Littell (R), the longest-serving member of the State Senate, assumed the title of President of the Senate (and therefore Acting Governor) for just a few minutes before swearing in the Co-Presidents of the New Jersey Senate, John O. Bennett (R) and Richard Codey (D), who agreed to split the remaining time in Todd Whitman's term evenly, each serving as Acting Governor for three and a half days.
  25. ↑ A power-sharing agreement was negotiated, with John O. Bennett and Richard Codey running the chamber as co-Presidents. Each committee also had split party control.
  26. ↑ Resigned in August 2004, effective November 15, 2004.
  27. ↑ Became acting governor on November 15, 2004, following resignation of McGreevey.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 Appointed to fill a vacancy.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 The New Jersey Constitution requires that the Lieutenant Governor also serve as the head of a Cabinet-level department or administrative agency (excepting Attorney General)
  30. ↑ Lt. Gov. Guadagno served as the Secretary of State.
  31. ↑ Resigned following his conviction in a federal corruption trial.
  32. ↑ Appointed State Senator Tom Goodwin (R) was defeated by Assemblywoman Linda R. Greenstein (D) in a special election.
  33. ↑ Representative Rob Andrews, Democrat of New Jersey's 1st congressional district, resigned.
  34. ↑ Lt. Gov. Oliver served as the Commissioner of Community Affairs.
  35. ↑ Died in office
  36. ↑ Republican Senator Dawn Addiego switched to the Democratic Party.
  37. ↑ Democratic Representative Jeff Van Drew switched to the Republican Party.
  38. ↑ Republican Senator Samuel D. Thompson switched to the Democratic Party.
  39. ↑ Lt. Gov. Way serves as Secretary of State

See also

References

  1. ↑ Niles, Hezekiah, ed. (1837). Niles' Weekly Register. p. 129.
  2. ↑ Gillette, William (1995). Jersey blue : Civil War politics in New Jersey, 1854-1865. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. p. 180. ISBN 9780813526942.
  3. ↑ Manual of the Legislature of New Jersey. J.A. Fitzgerald. 1910. p. 412.
  4. ↑ Mowbray, Jay Henry (1898). Representative Men of New York: A Record of Their Achievements. New York Press. p. 146.
  5. ↑ "ARTHUR PIERSON, EX-LEGISLATOR, 89; Former Jersey State Senator and Assemblyman Dies-- an Expert on Finance". The New York Times. 1957-03-09.
  6. ↑ "The amazing story of David Friedland". Observer. 2009-02-26.

External links

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