Venceremos Brigade

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Not to be confused with Venceremos (political organization).
Venceremos Brigade
Formation1969
TypePolitical organization
PurposeSolidarity with Cuba
Location
ServicesTravel to Cuba
FieldsVolunteer labor
Key people
Carl Oglesby (Creator)
Bernardine Dohrn (Director)
Parent organization
Students for a Democratic Society
AffiliationsAntonio Maceo Brigade (inspired)
Websitevb4cuba.com

The Venceremos Brigade is an international organization founded in 1969 by members of the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and officials of the Republic of Cuba.[1] It was formed as a coalition of young people to show solidarity with the Cuban Revolution by working side by side with Cuban workers, challenging U.S. policies towards Cuba, including the United States embargo against Cuba. The yearly brigade trips, which as of 2010 have brought more than 9,000 people to Cuba, continue today and are coordinated with the Pastors For Peace Friendship Caravans to Cuba.[citation needed] The 48th Brigade travelled to Cuba in July 2017.[2]

History

Original brigades

Further information: New Left and Revolutionary Offensive

The 1959 Cuban Revolution was a key event that galvanized and inspired the growing New Left in the 1960s. Cuba became viewed as a radical and anti-imperialist third world country worthy of praise by many of the radical activists of the 1960s.[3] In November 1969,[4] the first brigade of 216 Americans travelled to Cuba from Mexico City to skirt the U.S. government's restrictions on travel to the island.[4] The participants were to contribute to Cuba's monumental ten million ton zafra (harvest) of 1970, as well as to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the Cuban Revolution. The second Brigade arrived in February 1970, to cut cane and learn about Cuban life. Although the zafra did not reach ten million tons, the Brigades continued.[5]

Later developments

The Antonio Maceo Brigade was formed as a Cuban solidarity group of Cuban American radicals that first traveled to Cuba in 1977. Many Cubans who joined the brigade were motivated to prove that they weren't counterrevolutionary "gusanos". At the time the Venceremos Brigade refused to allow Cuban exiles to be members believing them all to be middle class and counterrevolutionary "gusanos".[6] The FBI has questioned individual brigade travellers over the years. Michael Ratner, who had represented members of the Venceremos Brigade, said that visits by FBI agents were most prevalent in the 1970s and 1980s and dropped off during the 1990s. In 2010, at least 10 brigade participants were visited by FBI agents.[7]

Organization

Ideology

In Venceremos Brigade, Sandra Levinson and Carol Brightman describe the participants, brigadistas, as "American radicals."[8] They were attracted to Cuba by the socialist revolution taking place, the anti-imperialist movement, as well as Cuban culture.[5] The Venceremos Brigade included a diverse group of participants from the beginning. White, Black, Chicano, Native American, and Puerto Rican Americans, as well as activists and feminists participated. In part, the Venceremos Brigade went to Cuba to study revolutionary culture, Che Guevara, and Che's new socialist man.[5] New Left philosophy permeated the movement. The brigadistas also invoked Cuba's history of anti-racist and anti-colonial movements, and referred to the Black Power and feminist movements in the US, with the goal of creating a revolutionary political culture within the group.[9]

Notable brigadistas

See also

Further reading

  • Venceremos Brigade research collection, DePaul University Special Collections and Archives
  • Oglesby, Carl. Ravens in the Storm, Scribner, New York, 2008. pp. 223-
  • Cuban Journal : A Poet in the Venceremos Brigade. 1970. ISBN 1-58195-015-2
  • Sandy Lillydahl Venceremos Brigade Photograph Collection
  • "Cuba, Que Linda Es Cuba? The First Venceremos Brigade". Dissent Magazine. Retrieved 2017-06-13.
  • Cluster, Dick. "The Venceremos Brigade," The Sixties, Harvard Review of Latin America.

References

  1. ↑ Sale, Kirkpatrick (1973). SDS. Random House. ISBN 0-394-47889-4.
  2. ↑ "Venceremos Brigade to visit Guantánamo" (in español). Retrieved 2017-06-12.
  3. ↑ Latner, Teishan (2018). "'Agrarians or anarchists?' The Venceremos Brigades to Cuba, State Surveillance, and the FBI as Biographer and Archivist". Journal of Transnational American Studies. 9 ((9)1). doi:10.5070/T891034678.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Venceremos Brigade : young Americans sharing the life and work of revolutionary Cuba. Simon and Schuster. 1971. ISBN 0-671-20881-0.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :1
  6. ↑ Bridges to Cuba/Puentes a Cuba. University of Michigan Press. November 6, 2015. pp. 9–10. ISBN 9780472036639.
  7. ↑ FBI Questions American Travelers to Cuba http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/03/30/travelers-to-cuba-are-bei_n_519215.html
  8. ↑ Venceremos Brigade : young Americans sharing the life and work of revolutionary Cuba. Simon and Schuster. 1971. p. 15.
  9. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :2
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Dovere, Edward-Isaac (July 31, 2020). "When Karen Bass Went to Work in Castro's Cuba: In 1973, Bass, who's now a potential Biden VP pick, traveled to Cuba with the Venceremos Brigade. "I didn't have any illusions that the people in Cuba had the same freedoms I did," she said". The Atlantic. Retrieved August 3, 2020.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Rosen, Armin (July 27, 2020). "Biden VP Favorite Karen Bass' Journey From the Radical Fringe: California congresswoman was active in the Venceremos Brigade in the 1970s". Tablet. Retrieved August 3, 2020.
  12. ↑ Iyengar, Kavitha (Winter 2015). "The Venceremos Brigade: North Americans in Cuba Since 1969". International Journal of Cuban Studies. 7 (2). Pluto Journals: 248. doi:10.13169/intejcubastud.7.2.0236. JSTOR 10.13169/intejcubastud.7.2.0236.
  13. ↑ Springer, Kimberly (2005-04-28). Living for the Revolution: Black Feminist Organizations, 1968–1980. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-8685-8.
  14. ↑ Jones, Stratford C. (November 29, 1969). "75 Americans Bound For Cuba To Help Castro". The Associated Press. The Herald-Tribune. pp. 10–A. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
  15. ↑ "Tibor Kalman". ADC • Global Awards & Club. Retrieved 2019-06-11.
  16. ↑ Kinsley, Michael E. (February 21, 1970). "Venceremos Brigade Saw Joy in Cuba". Harvard Crimson.
  17. ↑ Latner, Teishan A. (2018). Cuban Revolution in America: Havana and the Making of a United States Left, 1968–1992. UNC Press Books. p. 328. ISBN 9781469635477.
  18. ↑ Bruck, Connie (May 14, 2007). "Fault Lines: Can Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa keep control of L.A.'s battling factions?". New Yorker. Retrieved August 3, 2020.

External links

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