Dze

For the Pashto letter, see Dze (Pashto).

For the Georgian surname suffix -dze, see Georgian surname.

Not to be confused with the Latin letter S or the Georgian Asomtavruli letter Ⴝ.

Cyrillic letter Dze
File:Cyrillic letter Dze - uppercase and lowercase.svg
Phonetic usage:	[d͡z], [z]
Name (Early Cyrillic alphabet):	ѕѣло
Numeric value:	6
Derived from:	Greek letter Stigma (Ϛ ϛ) or Digamma(Ϝ ϝ)
The Cyrillic script
Slavic letters
А А́ А̀ А̂ А̄ Ӑ Ӓ Б В Г Ґ Д Ђ Ѓ Е Е́ Ѐ Е̂ Е̄ Ё Є Ж З З́ Ѕ И І І́ Ї Ꙇ И́ Ѝ И̂ Ӣ Й Ӥ Ј К Л Љ М Н Њ О О́ О̀ О̂ Ō Ӧ П Р С С́ Т Ћ Ќ У У́ У̀ У̂ Ӯ Ў Ӱ Ф Х Ц Ч Џ Ш Щ Ꙏ Ъ Ъ̀ Ы Ы́ Ь Ѣ Э Э́ Ю Ю́ Ю̀ Я Я́ Я̀
Non-Slavic letters
А̊ А̃ Ӓ̄ Ӕ Ә Ә́ Ә̃ Ӛ В̌ Ԝ Г̑ Г̇ Г̣ Г̌ Г̂ Г̆ Г̈ г̊ Ҕ Ғ File:Cyrillic capital letter Ghe with stroke and descender.svg Ӻ Ғ̌ ғ̊ Ӷ Г̡ Д́ Д̌ Д̈ Д̣ Д̆ Ӗ Е̃ Ё̄ Є̈ Ԑ Ԑ̈ Җ Ӝ Ӂ Ж̣ Ҙ Ӟ З̌ З̣ З̆ Ӡ И̃ Ҋ Қ Ӄ Ҡ Ҟ Ҝ К̣ к̊ қ̊ Ԛ ᴫ Л́ Ӆ Ԯ Ԓ Л̈ Ӎ ᵸ Н́ Ӊ Ң Ԩ Ӈ Ҥ О̆ О̃ Ӧ̄ Ө Ө̄ Ө́ Ө̆ Ӫ Ԥ П̈ Р̌ Ҏ С̌ Ҫ С̣ С̱ Т́ Т̈ Т̌ Т̇ Т̣ Ҭ Ᲊ У̃ Ӳ У̊ Ӱ̄ Ұ Ү Ү́ Х̣ Х̱ Х̮ Х̑ Х̌ Ҳ Ӽ х̊ Ӿ ӿ̊ Һ Һ̈ Ԧ Ц̌ Ц̈ Ҵ Ҷ Ҷ̣ Ӵ Ӌ File:Cyrillic capital letter Che with hook.svg Ҹ Ч̇ Ч̣ Ҽ Ҿ Ш̣ ꚜ Ы̆ Ы̄ Ӹ ꚝ Ҍ Ҩ Э̆ Э̄ Э̇ Ӭ Ӭ́ Ӭ̄ Ю̆ Ю̈ Ю̄ Я̆ Я̄ Я̈ Ӏ ʼ ˮ
Archaic or unused letters
File:Cyrillic capital letter script A.svg А̨ Б̀ Б̣ Б̱ В̀ Г̀ Г̧ Г̄ Г̓ Г̆ Ҕ̀ Ҕ̆ File:Cyrillic capital letter split by middle ring Ghe.svg Ԁ Д̓ Д̀ Д̨ File:Cyrillic capital letter archaic Dje.svg Ԃ Ꚁ Ꙣ Е̇ Е̨ Ж̀ Ж̑ File:Cyrillic small letter Zhe with stroke.svg File:Cyrillic capital letter Je with inverted belt.svg Ꙃ Ꙅ File:Cyrillic small letter Dje with high right breve serif.svg Џ̆ Ꚅ Ꚅ̆ Ꙁ З̀ З̑ Ԅ Ԇ Ꚉ Ԫ Ꚃ Ꚕ File:Cyrillic capital letter Shha with Cil top.svg File:Cyrillic capital letter Shha with high right breve serif.svg І̂ І̣ І̨ File:Cyrillic capital letter byelorussian-ukrainian I with curve at bottom.svg Ј̵ Ј̃ Ꙉ К̓ К̀ К̆ Ӄ̆ К̑ К̇ К̈ К̄ Ԟ К̂ File:Cyrillic capital letter Ka with loop.svg File:Cyrillic small letter ka with ascender.svg Л̀ Ԡ Ꙥ Ԉ Л̑ Л̇ Ԕ File:Cyrillic small letter El with retroflex hook.svg File:Cyrillic small letter El Er.svg File:Cyrillic small letter Te El with retroflex hook.svg М̀ М̃ Ꙧ Н̀ Н̄ Н̧ Н̃ Ԋ Ԣ Н̡ Ѻ Ꙩ Ꙫ Ꙭ ꙮ Ꚙ Ꚛ File:Cyrillic small letter O with notch at top.svg File:Cyrillic capital letter O with notch at bottom.svg File:Cyrillic capital letter O with left notch.svg П̓ П̀ П́ Ҧ П̧ П̑ Ҁ Ԛ̆ File:Cyrillic capital letter Shha with hook.svg Р́ Р̀ Р̃ File:Cyrillic small letter split at right Er.svg Ԗ С̀ С̈ Ԍ Ҫ̓ File:Cyrillic capital letter long Es.svg Т̓ Т̀ Ԏ Т̑ Ꚋ Т̧ Ꚍ Ꚍ̆ File:Cyrillic small letter Te El.svg File:Cyrillic small letter voiceless L.svg File:Cyrillic small letter voiceless L with comma above.svg Ѹ Ꙋ File:Cyrillic capital letter script U.svg У̇ У̨ ꙋ́ Ф̑ Ф̓ Х́ Х̀ Х̆ Х̇ Х̧ Х̾ Х̓ File:Cyrillic capital letter bashkir Ha.svg һ̱ Ѡ Ꙍ Ѽ Ѿ Ꙡ Ц̀ Ц́ Ц̓ File:Cyrillic capital letter Tse with long left leg.svg Ꚏ Ꚏ̆ File:Cyrillic capital letter Cil.svg File:Cyrillic capital letter Cil with bar.svg Ꚑ Ч́ Ч̀ Ч̆ Ч̑ Ч̓ File:Cyrillic capital letter Char.svg File:Cyrillic small letter Char with high right breve serif.svg Ԭ Ꚓ Ꚇ Ꚇ̆ Ҽ̆ Ш̀ Ш̆ Ш̑ Щ̆ Ꚗ Ꚗ̆ File:Cyrillic capital letter Che Sha.svg Ъ̄ Ъ̈ Ъ̈̄ Ꙑ Ы̂ Ы̃ File:Cyrillic small letter Yeru with connecting stroke.svg Ѣ́ Ѣ̈ Ѣ̆ Ꙓ Э̨ Э̂ Ꙕ Ю̂ File:Cyrillic capital letter iotified monograph uk.svg File:Cyrillic capital letter iotified monograph uk with breve.svg Ꙗ Я̂ Я̨ Ԙ Ѥ Ѧ Ꙙ Ѫ Ꙛ Ѩ Ꙝ Ѭ Ѯ Ѱ Ѳ Ѵ Ѷ Ꙟ
List of Cyrillic letters List of Cyrillic multigraphs

Dze (Ѕ ѕ; italics: Ѕ ѕ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script, used in the Macedonian alphabet to represent the voiced alveolar affricate /d͡z/, similar to the pronunciation of ⟨ds⟩ in "needs" or "kids" in English. It is derived from the letter dzelo or zelo of the Early Cyrillic alphabet, and it was used historically in all Slavic languages that use Cyrillic. Although fully obsolete everywhere in the Cyrillic world by the 19th century, the letter zelo was revived in 1944 by the designers of the alphabet of the then-codified Macedonian language. The phoneme is also present in Greek (ΤΖ τζ) and Albanian (X x), both non-Slavic neighbours to the Macedonian language; all are a part of the Balkan linguistic area. In the early 21st century, the same letter also appeared in Vojislav Nikčević's proposal for the new alphabet for the modern Montenegrin language. The most common early letterform (Ѕ ѕ) resembles the Latin letter S (S s), but it is also seen reversed (Ꙅ ꙅ) like the Latin letter Reversed S (Ƨ ƨ), or Z with a tail and a tick (Ꙃ ꙃ). Abkhaz has Abkhazian Dze (Ӡ ӡ), with an identical function and name but a different shape.

Church Slavonic

File:7wordsCommencingWithTheLetterDzelo.tiff

The seven root words commencing with the letter dze (aka, dzelo).

The letter is descended from ѕѣло (pronounced dzělo; Dzělo) in the Early Cyrillic alphabet, where it had the numerical value 6. The letter Dzělo was itself based on the letter Dzelo in the Glagolitic alphabet. In the Glagolitic alphabet, it was written ⟨Ⰷ⟩, and had the numerical value of 8. In Old Church Slavonic it was called ѕѣло (pronounced dzeló), and in Church Slavonic it is called ѕѣлѡ (pronounced zeló). The origin of Glagolitic letter Dzelo is unclear, but the Cyrillic Ѕ may have been influenced by the Greek stigma ⟨Ϛ⟩, the medieval form of the archaic letter digamma, which had the same form and numerical value (6). Thus the visual similarity of the Cyrillic ⟨Ѕ⟩ and Latin ⟨S⟩ is largely coincidental. The initial sound of ⟨Ѕ⟩ in Old Church Slavonic was a soft /d͡z/ or /z/, which usually came from a historically palatalised *g (ноѕѣ, ѕвѣзда, etc.). In almost all Slavic dialects this sound was pronounced as a simple /z/; however, as the Old Church Slavonic language was based on the Bulgaro-Macedonian dialects, the sound remained distinct. In the Old Slavic period the difference between ⟨Ѕ⟩ and ⟨З⟩ had already begun to be blurred, and in the written Church Slavonic language from the middle of the 17th century ⟨Ѕ⟩ was used only formally. The letter's distinguishing features from ⟨З⟩ are:

• ⟨Ѕ⟩ is used in root derived from these seven words beginning with ⟨Ѕ⟩: ѕвѣзда, ѕвѣрь, ѕеліе, ѕлакъ, ѕлый, ѕмій, ѕѣлѡ ("star, beast, vegetable, herb, angry, dragon, very");
• ⟨З⟩ is used in all remaining cases.
• ⟨Ѕ⟩ has the numerical value of 6, whereas ⟨З⟩ has the numerical value of 7;

East Slavic Languages

See also Reforms of Russian orthography.

In Russian it was known as зѣло or zelo [zʲɪˈɫo] and had the phonetic value of /z/ or /zʲ/. In the initial version of Russian civil script of Tsar Peter I (1708), the ⟨Ѕ⟩ was assigned the sound /z/, and the letter ⟨З⟩ was removed. However, in the second version of the civil script (1710), ⟨З⟩ was restored, and ⟨Ѕ⟩ was abolished. Both versions of the alphabet were used until 1735, which is considered the date of the final elimination of ⟨Ѕ⟩ in Russian. In Ukrainian, the sound /d͡z/ is integrated as part of the language's phonology, but it mainly occurs in loanwords rather than in words of native Ukrainian origin. As such, the digraph ⟨дз⟩ is used to represent both the phoneme /d͡z/ and the separately occurring consonant cluster /d.z/ which Ukrainian phonotactics assimilate as /d͡z.z/. Belarusian commonly features ⟨дз⟩, but it usually comes from *d from a similar development to Polish. As such, ⟨ѕ⟩ had never been used for it.

South Slavic Languages

File:Dze reflexes in Eastern South Slavic.png

Reflexes of Old Church Slavonic ѕ across Eastern South Slavic.

⟨ѕ⟩ is now only used in the Macedonian alphabet. A commission formed to standardise the Macedonian language and orthography decided to adopt the letter on December 4, 1944, after a vote of 10-1. Despite the letter originally being found between ⟨ж⟩ and ⟨з⟩, in the new alphabet it was placed after ⟨з⟩ instead. The letter represents /dz/ (examples including: ѕид/dzid, 'wall' and ѕвезда/dzvezda, 'star'). The corresponding sound is used in all dialects of Macedonian. ⟨ѕ⟩ was also used to the middle of the 19th century in the Serbian civil script, whose orthography was closer to Church Slavonic (compared to Russian). Vuk Karadžić's Serbian Cyrillic alphabet (1868) did not include ⟨ѕ⟩, instead favouring a simple digraph ⟨дз⟩ to represent the sound, as it was non-native. ⟨Ѕ⟩ is also included in Microsoft's Serbian Cyrillic keyboard layout, although it is not used in the Serbian Cyrillic Alphabet. The Serbian keyboard in Ubuntu replaces Ѕ with a second Ж. Modern Bulgarian, apart from when explicitly written with the Church Slavonic alphabet, has never used ⟨ѕ⟩. Although most dialects feature it, it is found in neither the Tărnovo dialect, the prestige dialect of the time of codification, nor in the Church Slavonic language (despite being written independently there). A few eastern dialects, including the Tărnovo dialect, have, however, independently developed both /dz/ and /dʒ/ phonemes not found in the standard language due to affrication. Marin Drinov, one of the most important players in the establishment of Standard Bulgarian, floated the idea of using ⟨ѕ⟩ as it was found in most dialects, however chose not to as he considered the letter all but forgotten. The Banat Bulgarian dialect, being based on the Paulician dialect, retains ⟨ѕ⟩. However, as it is written with the Latin script, the sound is instead notated as ⟨dz⟩.

Romanian

⟨ѕ⟩ was used in the Romanian Cyrillic alphabet (where it represented /d͡z/) until the alphabet was abolished in favour of a Latin-based alphabet in 1860-62.

Related letters and other similar characters

• Ϝ ϝ : Greek letter Digamma
• Ϛ ϛ : Greek letter Stigma
• З з : Cyrillic letter Ze
• S s : Latin letter S
• Ƨ ƨ : [[Ƨ|Latin letter Reversed S]
• X x : Latin letter X, an Albanian alphabet letter
• Ꚃ ꚃ : Cyrillic letter Dzwe
• Ḑ ḑ : Latin letter Ḑ, a Livonian alphabet letter
• D̦ d̦ : Latin letter D̦, an obsolete Romanian letter
• Dz : Digraph Dz

Computing codes

Character information

Preview	Ѕ		ѕ		Ꙅ		ꙅ		Ꙃ		ꙃ
Unicode name	CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DZE		CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZE		CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER REVERSED DZE		CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER REVERSED DZE		CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DZELO		CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZELO
Encodings	decimal	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex
Unicode	1029	U+0405	1109	U+0455	42564	U+A644	42565	U+A645	42562	U+A642	42563	U+A643
UTF-8	208 133	D0 85	209 149	D1 95	234 153 132	EA 99 84	234 153 133	EA 99 85	234 153 130	EA 99 82	234 153 131	EA 99 83
Numeric character reference	Ѕ	Ѕ	ѕ	ѕ	Ꙅ	Ꙅ	ꙅ	ꙅ	Ꙃ	Ꙃ	ꙃ	ꙃ
Named character reference	Ѕ		ѕ
Code page 855	137	89	136	88
Windows-1251	189	BD	190	BE
ISO-8859-5	165	A5	245	F5
Macintosh Cyrillic	193	C1	207	CF

See also

• Glagolitic alphabet
• Early Cyrillic alphabet
• Cyrillic script
• Russian alphabet
• Reforms of Russian orthography
• Romanian Cyrillic alphabet
• Macedonian alphabet

External links

• File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg The dictionary definition of Ѕ at Wiktionary
• File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg The dictionary definition of ѕ at Wiktionary
• A Berdnikov and O Lapko, "Old Slavonic and Church Slavonic in TEX and Unicode", EuroTEX ’99 Proceedings, September 1999 (PDF)