Fringilla
| Fringilla | |
|---|---|
| File:Fringilla coelebs chaffinch male edit2.jpg | |
| Male Eurasian chaffinch | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Fringillidae |
| Subfamily: | Fringillinae Leach, 1820 |
| Genus: | Fringilla Linnaeus, 1758 |
| Type species | |
| Fringilla coelebs | |
| Species | |
The genus Fringilla is a small group of finches from the Old World, which are the only species in the subfamily Fringillinae.
Taxonomy
The genus Fringilla was introduced in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae.[1] The genus name Fringilla is Latin for "finch".[2] Linnaeus included 30 species in the genus (Fringilla zena was listed twice) and of these the Eurasian chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) is considered as the type species.[3]
Species
The genus now contains eight species:[4]
| Image | Scientific name | Common name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| File:Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs).jpg | Fringilla coelebs | Eurasian chaffinch | Europe, across Asia to Siberia |
| File:African Chaffinch (Fringilla spodiogenys) male Morocco.jpg | Fringilla spodiogenys | African chaffinch | northwestern Africa |
| File:Açores 452A1626 (35867036050).jpg | Fringilla moreletti | Azores chaffinch | Azores |
| File:FringillaCoelebsMadeirensis 3749.jpg | Fringilla maderensis | Madeiran chaffinch | Madeira |
| File:Fringilla coelebs palmae - Los Tilos.jpg | Fringilla canariensis | Canary Islands chaffinch | Canary Islands |
| File:Pinzón azul de Gran Canaria (macho), M. A. Peña.jpg | Fringilla polatzeki | Gran Canaria blue chaffinch | Gran Canaria, Canary Islands |
| File:Teidefink.jpg | Fringilla teydea | Tenerife blue chaffinch | Tenerife, Canary Islands |
| File:Fringilla montifringilla2.jpg | Fringilla montifringilla | Brambling | Europe, North Africa, northern India, northern Pakistan, China, and Japan |
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The Eurasian chaffinch is found primarily in forest habitats, in Europe, North Africa, and western Asia; the blue chaffinches are island endemics; and the brambling breeds in the northern taiga and southern tundra of Eurasia.[5] The eight species are about the same size, 15 centimetres (5.9 in) in length, and are similar in shape.[5] They have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings.[6] They are not as specialised as other finches, eating both insects and seeds. While breeding, they feed their young on insects rather than seeds, unlike other finches.[5] In 2016, it was proposed that the extremely rare Gran Canaria subspecies F. teydea polatzeki be treated as a separate species, thus creating a fourth species, F. polatzeki.[7][8]
References
- ↑ Linnaeus, Carl (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 179.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ↑ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London, United Kingdom: Christopher Helm. p. 164. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ↑ Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1968). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 14. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 203.
- ↑ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (eds.). "Finches, euphonias". World Bird List Version 5.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Newton, Ian (1973). Finches. New Naturalist 55. New York: Taplinger. pp. 19–30. ISBN 0-8008-2720-1.
- ↑ Clement, Peter; Harris, Alan; Davis, John (1993). Finches and Sparrows. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-03424-9.
- ↑ Sangster, G.; Rodríguez-Godoy, F.; Roselaar, C.S.; Robb, M.S.; Luksenburg, J.A. (2016). "Integrative taxonomy reveals Europe's rarest songbird species, the Gran Canaria blue chaffinch Fringilla polatzeki". Journal of Avian Biology. 47 (2): 159–166. doi:10.1111/jav.00825.
- ↑ "The Rarest Songbird in Europe". Wildlife Articles. Archived from the original on 2016-03-08. Retrieved 2016-03-05.
External links
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